MAPK(mitogen-activated protein kinase) family,which is conserved throughout high eukaryotes,is implicated in multiple cellular processes including cell growth,migration,proliferation,differentiation,survival and development.Pathogen hijacks hosts' MAPK pathways to facilitate its pathogenesis using diverse strategies.To further explore the mechanism underlying interactions between pathogens and hosts' MAPK pathway,is of benefit to our understanding of nature as well as to our fight against pathogen infection.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of Indomethacin suppositories on albumin concentration and insulin resistance of post-operation patients with serious intra-abdominal infection.Methods:38 post-operation patients with serious intra-abdominal infection were divided into two groups randomly.One as treatment group(n=19)and the other as control group(n=19).Albumin,blood glucose,fasting insulin concentration were measured At 72 hours after the operation and 144 hours.Insulin resistance index was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment(HOMA).Finally,the results of two groups were analyzed.Results:The albumin concentration of Indomethacin group at 72 hours was significantly higher than that after 72 hours,Insulin resistance of 144 hours was lower than the control group(P0.05).Conclusion:Postoperative abdominal infection using indomethacin suppository can significantly reduce insulin resistance,and significantly reduced the decomposition of albumin.

Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease/redox factor 1(APE/Ref 1) is a multifunctional protein that is responsible for repairing DNA damage,it also infleunce reduction oxidation (redox) reaction and modulate the DNA binding activity of transcription factors,it is important to cell survival.Recently, much data concerning APE1/Ref 1 and information on APE1/Ref 1 in a wide variety of functions and systems have rapid growth,including its gene,function,distribution and relations with some diseases,especially nervous system diseases and tumors.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of low molecular weight heparin in treatment of patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).Methods PubMed, BMA, EMbase, ASP, Cochrane Library, EMCC, CBM, CNKI, CECDB, CQVIP, and VIP databases were searched to identify the relevant randomized clinical trials (RCTs) from the publications during the period from January 1994 to January 2014. The search terms were “low molecular heparin”, “severe community-acquired pneumonia”, “prognosis” in both Chinese and English. The quality of the included studies were strictly evaluated and data were extracted. Stata/SE version 12 software was used for systematic review and meta-analysis.Results Six RCTs were ifnally qualiifed in the analysis, including a total of 208 cases in treatment group and 196 cases in control group. The patients in control group received conventional therapy, while the patients in treatment group received low molecular weight heparin by subcutaneous injection as add-on to conventional therapy. Meta-analysis showed that after treatment with low molecular weight heparin for 7 days, the APACHE II score of severe CAP patients signiifcantly decreased (P = 0.43,I2 = 0%, SMD = -0.70, 95%CI: - 0.90, -0.49) with controllable publication bias (bias_p = 0.93, bias_95CI: -6.79, 6.37). The PaO2 of severe CAP patients signiifcantly increased (P = 0.858,I2 =0%, SMD = 0.51, 95%CI: 0.30, 0.72) with controllable publication bias (bias_p =0.770, bias_95CI: -4.82, 5.90). However, after low molecular weight heparin treatment for 7 days, the PaCO2 of severe CAP patients did not change significantly (SMD = -0.17, 95 %CI: -0.38, 0.04).Conclusion Low molecular
weight heparin is beneifcial in the treatment of severe CAP patients in terms of signiifcantly decreased APACHE II score, increased oxygenation, and improved clinical symptoms.

Cellular immunity plays an important role in defense against diseases, such as pathogenic infection,autoimmunity and tumor. With the progress of molecular immunology, mechanisms of T cellular immunity, and the T cell epitopes and functional genomics, studies on the prediction based on data-drived for T cell epitopes has been highlighted, and could be one of the useful tools for application in vaccine development. This review summarizes theory and methodology of prediction for helper T cell epitopes, and their application in vaccine development against parasites, and new research directions are also discussed.

AIM:To observe the preliminary efficacy of conbercept injected intravitreally for the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration(wAMD).METHODS:Seventeen wAMD patients (18 eyes) were selected to receive conbercept injection.All patients were given a single conbercept injection every month,3 times.Before and after 1,2,3mo of the injection,the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA),intraocular pressure (IOP,measured by Non-contact tonometer),fundus photography,fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA),indocyanine green angiography(ICG),optical coherence tomography(OCT) examination and the complications incidence were compared.RESULTS:Three months after conbercept injection,the BCVA improved in 15 eyes (83%),stable in 3 eyes (17%).Before treatment,the average central macular thickness was 421.72±54.43μm,at 1 and 2 and 3mo after treatment,the average central macular thickness was 337.89±25.88μm,293.56±26.87μm,266.89±19.10μm respectively.There were significant differences compared with before and after injection(P<0.05).In the final follow up,FFA and ICG showed that the leakage in macular area disappeared in 15 eyes (83%),still existed in 3 eyes (17%),in those 3 eyes the injection was given for one or two times till the leakage disappeared.Elevated intraocular pressure occurred in 2 cases (26mmHg,23mmHg),after 1d down to normal.Another patient showed postoperative envy,given left ofloxacin eye drops after 2d,then back to normal.There was no serious ocular adverse reactions.CONCLUSION:Intravitreal injection conbercept for wAMD can significantly improve the visual function,reduce the macular edema and the leakage with higher safety and less complications.However the prolonged efficacy needs further observation.

AIM: To investigate the clinical effects of phacoemulsification and surgical techeniques in small pupil cataract after filtering operation of glaucoma.
METHODS: Thirty-six cases ( 36 eyes ) of small pupil cataract after filtering operation of glaucoma were underwent phacoemulsification combined with foldable intraocular lens implantation. Postoperative visual acuity, intraocular pressure filtration bleb and complications were observed. The follow-up time was 3mo.
RESULTS: The preoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) or best-corrected visual acuity ( BCVA) ≤0. 3 were in all patients. Postoperativerly, the UCVA or BCVA≥0. 3 after 1wk and 3mo were achieved in 23 eyes (63.89%) and 34 eyes (94. 44%). BCVA was <0. 3 in 2 eyes ( 5. 56%) including optic nerve atrophy of one eye and diabetic retinopathy of one eye. All patients were kept the level of normal intraocular pressure and completed filtering bleb, there were no serious complications.
CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification in small pupil cataract after filtering operation of glaucoma was complex, and reasonable application of operation skills can still achieve better clinical results. The main factor of affecting the visual acuity is pre-existing retinal optic neuropathy.

Animals ; Genes, p53 ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; therapy ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To set up an apoptosis model of prostate cancer cell line and to clone and study the apoptosis related genes. Methods An apoptosis model of prostate cancer cell line DU-145 has been set up through induction by all transretinoic acid (ATRA).During the process of cell apoptosis the apoptosis-related gene was cloned by means of improved PCR-based subtractive hybridization from the apoptosis prostate cancer cell line DU-145 prostate cancer cells. Results During the process of DU-145 cell apoptosis,c-erb B-2 expression,TNF genes and some unknown apoptosis-related gene were observed.This has been accepted by Genebank,the accession number being AF174394. Conclusions ATRA-induced apoptosis of DU-145 cells is a complex process with multiple genes involved,some of which being unknown yet.

Objective Using apomorphine, a potent dopamine receptor agonist and rotating T-maze, the effect of apomorphine on the visual discrimination learning and reversal learning in rats was investigated. Methods All rats were trained in a visual discrimination task (food reward and light stimulus) in rotating T-maze. After reaching the acquisition criterion, rats were trained in a reversal task (food reward and without light stimulus) in the same maze. During the period of visual discrimination task, apomorphine was administrated either 30 minutes prior to learning or after learning immediately. Results The results showed that apomorphine, which was given either 30 minutes prior to visual discrimination learning or after learning, could impair the acquisition of discrimination learning( 259.20±26.29 and 264.00±16.97, compared to 168.00±16.97 and 163.20±20.08) and apomorphine, which was given only after visual discrimination learning, could impair the acquisition of reversal learning (451.20±39.44 compared to 360.00±29.39). Conclusion The results showed that apomorphine, which was given either 30 minutes prior to visual discrimination learning or after learning, could impair the acquisition of discrimination learning and apomorphine, which was given only after visual discrimination learning, could impair the acquisition of reversal learning.