OBJECTIVE:To put forward the tentative idea of the application of the access and benefit-sharing regime in the field of Chinese medicine.METHODS:The existing problems of protecting biological diversity in the field of Chinese medicine and what problems the access and benefit-sharing regime could solve were analyzed.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Our preliminary idea for applying access and benefit-sharing regime in the field of Chinese medicine is to set up a special department for negotiation,identify the rights and subject,construct registration system and informed consent procedure,improve the source disclosure system and add the benefit-sharing regulation.

AIM To establish an HPLC-ELSD method for the simultaneous content determination of gastrodin,parishin A,parishin B,ginsenosides Rg1,Re,Rf,Rb1 and Rd in Tiantai No.1 Tablets (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Gastrodiae Rhizoma,Cistanches Herba,etc.).METHODS The analysis of methanol extract of this drug was performed on a 45 ℃C thermostatic Alltima C1scolumn (4.6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrie-0.1％ phosphoric acid flowing at 1.0 mL/min in a gradient elution manner.RESULTS Eight constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges (r ＞ 0.999 0),whose average recoveries were 96.94％-97.93％ with the RSDs of 1.06％-2.48％.CONCLUSION This simple,accurate and reliable method can be used for the quality control of Tiantai No.1 Tablets.

OBJECTIVESTo study the contribution of the genes and environment to variation of serum levels of lipids and lipoprotein.

METHODSOne hundred and forty-three healthy monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs and 93 dizygotic (DZ) ones aged 5 to 19 [with a mean of (11.2 +/- 3.4) years]. Microsatellite polymorphism (STR) was used to diagnose zygosity of twins, and intraclass correlation coefficient method and Falconer formula were performed to investigate heritability of serum lipids and lipoproteins unadjusted or adjusted for age and sex. Logarithmic transformation was used for data with skewed distribution. Influence of relevant physical and biochemical indicators on serum lipids and other components was analyzed with partial coefficients of correlation adjusted for age and sex.

RESULTSIn the twin samples, difference in serum level of triglycerides (TG) between MZ and DZ was not statistically significant with intraclass variation and intraclass correlation. There was significant difference in serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and lipoprotein [Lp(a)] between MZ and DZ, with their heritability estimates of 0.56, 0.55, 0.49 and 0.58 unadjusted, respectively, and 0.63, 0.63, 0.55 and 0.64 adjusted for age and sex, respectively. Serum levels of TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and Lp(a) correlated reversely with age. Serum levels of TC, HDL-C and LDL-C in girls were slightly higher than those in boys. Most indicators for serum levels of lipids and lipoprotein, except for serum level of Lp(a) correlated with body mass index (BMI), body fat ratio, Pelidisi index, and other indexes such as blood pressure, blood sugar, serum level of calcium, adjusted for age and sex.

CONCLUSIONSSerum levels of TC, HDL-C and Lp(a) were influenced more greatly by genetic factors, and serum level of TG was mainly influenced by environmental ones. Levels of blood lipids in children were influenced by age and sex, and correlated with indicators that reflect their body fat and nutritional status.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Child ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; genetics ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Lipids ; blood ; genetics ; Lipoproteins ; blood ; genetics ; Male ; Sex Factors ; Triglycerides ; blood ; genetics ; Twin Studies as Topic ; Twins, Dizygotic ; Twins, Monozygotic

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the availability of ballistic lithoclast in treatment of ureteral calculi.

METHODSTotally 625 patients with ureteral calculi were treated with ballistic lithoclast by rigid ureteroscopy.

RESULTSTotally 610 patients were treated successfully by ballistic lithoclast with a cure rate of 97.6% (90.3% in upper ureter, 96.8% in middle ureter, 100% in lower ureter). The average time of lithoclast was (5.0 +/- 2.8) minutes and the stone-free rate was 99.2%.

CONCLUSIONBallistic lithoclast combined with rigid ureteroscopy is safe and effective in treating ureteral calculi.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Lithotripsy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Ureteral Calculi ; therapy ; Ureteroscopes

Objective To discuss the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction by laparoscopic pyeloplasty. Methods A retrospective review of consecutive laparoscopic pyeloplasty in 102 patients between September 2001 and December 2007 was performed. The ureterpelvic junction was dissected and the obstruction portion was excised. Anastomosis was then performed through the ureter and the renal pelvis walls with a stent. Results The mean operating time was 120 min and the average blood loss was 80ml. No major complication occurred intraoperative. The drainage was removed in 3-10 days. The average hospital stay was 8.5 days. The stent was kept for 30-60 days. IVU and B ultrasound examination revealed that the hydronephrosis alleviated during the follow-up and no anastomosis stricture occurred. Conclusions Laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty could provide lower morbidity, shorter hospital stay, and faster convalescence. It could be an effective treatment for ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

Objective To assess the heritability of serum uric acid in adult,using the classic twin design.Methods Adult Twins were recruited from the Qingdao Twin Registry.Uric acid,height,weight were measured.Zygosity in all the same-sex twin pairs was determined by 16 polymorphic markers.Heritability was assessed by structural equation models,with age,gender and body mass index(BMI) included as covariates.Results In total,687 twin pairs were available for data analyses,including 420 pairs of monozygotic and 267 pairs of dizygotic twins.After logarithm transformed,uric acid in males ( 17.47±1.91 ) was significantly higher than in females ( 15.22±1.70,P＜0.0001 ).After adjustment on age,sex and BMI,intraclass correlations for uric acid were 0.70 for monozygotic twins and 0.40 for dizygotic twins.The sex-limitation AE model,combining additive genetic and unique environmental factors,could produce the best fit for the data.Heritability estimate for uric acid was 70.5% (95% CI:65.9-74.6),with the proportion of unique environmental effects as 29.5%(95%CI:25.4-34.2).Conclusion Additive genetic effects appeared to be the major contributor to the variation of uric acid in this twins sample being studied.

Objective To explore the cognitive level and demand of chronic disease prevention and treatment integration in the County hospitals and primary health care institutions. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to investigate the medical staff of five county-level hospitals and 39 community health service centers in Liandu District, Yunhe County and Jingning County, and qualitative interviews and on-site questionnaire survey were carried out among 573 medical staff from August to October in 2016. Results A total of 252 medical personnel at the county level or above, accounting for 43.98％, and 321 medical personnel in primary health care institutions, accounting for 56.04％. And 96.86％ of the medical staff thought it is necessary to integrate medical treatment and prevention. Only 32.98％ think that the local medical and anti-integration were the real ones and only 36.13％ have contacted the"top five prevention and control offices" at the county level. Two-way referral of key chronic patients and promotion of grassroots promotion of appropriate technology were better. And 77.38％ of medical staff at medical institutions above the county level and 75.70％ of medical personnel of primary medical institutions participated in the two-way referral work, with 66.67％ of county level medical staff of above medical institutions and 93.46％ medical staffs of primary medical institutions participated in the promotion of grassroots workplaces for appropriate technologies. And 82.72％ of the medical staff held or participated in appropriate technical training courses for chronic diseases within one year, but the proportion of holding or participating in ≥3 times was only 24.08％. Conclusion The work that county level five platform to promote chronic disease prevention and control of chronic disease prevention and treatment of medical integration still need to be strengthened. We should use the appropriate training mode to improve comprehensive prevention and treatment of chronic diseases among primary medical staff.

Objective To work out the suitable iodine content in iodized salt among general population in Enshi Autonomous prefecture,Hubei province by determination of the iodine content in salt.Methods The method of direct titration was used to determine the iodine content in salt samples collected from residents in natural villages sampled from four directions of east,west,south and north in each township which was sampled from five directions of east,west,south,north and center in each city(county) in Enshi Autonomous prefecture,and salt samples were collected in Hubei Salt Industry Group Co.,Limited.Enshi Branch in 2011.The method of three-days weighing was used to estimate the resident's daily per capita intake of iodized salt.The appropriate iodine content for general population in salt was worked out according to the iodine content in salt from households and enterprises in Enshi Autonomous prefecture,the amount of iodine loss in iodized salt,the amount of per capita daily intake of iodized salt and the national iodine nutrition monitoring results.Results The median of iodine content in salt from residents and the production enterprises in 2011 was 33.5 mg/kg and 34.7 mg/kg,respectively.The residents' per capita salt intake was 10.9 g,actual intake of iodine wss 335.0 μg/d.Iodine content in iodized salt was 20 mg/kg ±30％ for the general population,actual intake of iodine was 149.4-250.4 μg/d.Conclusions The residents iodine intake is higher in Enshi Autonomous prefecture.Considering the comprehensive factors,including food iodine,water iodine,and iodine cooking loss,that affect the intake of salt iodine,the appropriate iodine content in iodized salt is 20 mg/kg ± 30％ for the general population.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the safety and feasibility of glans-preserving surgery in the treatment of superficial penile cancer (SPCa).

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 21 cases of SPCa treated by glans-preserving surgery in our hospital from January of 2003 to March of 2010.

RESULTSThe study included 21 SPCa patients aged 36 to 57 (mean 46) years, with superficial lesions involving the glans penis, coronary sulcus or shaft skin. The tumors were staged and graded TaG1 in 6 cases, TaG2 in 5, TisG1 in 2, TisG2 in 4, T1G1 in 3, and T1G2 in 1. All the patients underwent glans-preserving surgery to preserve the normal appearance and functional integrity of the glans penis, and all returned to normal sexual activity 1 month after operation, with good sexual function and sexual satisfaction. Postoperative follow-up lasted 2 to 7 (mean 5) years, and 2 cases of recurrence in situ found at 6 and 9 months, respectively, which were successfully managed by a second glans-preserving surgery.

CONCLUSIONGlans-preserving surgery is an effective method for superficial penile cancer. With proper selection of the patients, this procedure is technically safe, maximally preserves the penile appearance, and least affects the patients' sexual satisfaction.

Adult ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Penile Neoplasms ; surgery ; Penis ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate surgical procedures for popliteal artery occlusive disease.

METHODSThe clinical data of 25 patients with popliteal artery occlusive disease from June 2007 to June 2008 was analyzed retrospectively. There were 18 male and 7 female with an average age of (53 ± 21) years. Eleven patients (11 limbs, 42.3%) were acute limb ischemia and 14 patients (15 limbs, 57.7%) were chronic limb ischemia. All patients were treated with surgical revascularization. Four limbs underwent thrombectomy. Nineteen limbs underwent endarterectomy with patch below knee. Three limbs underwent femoral-popliteal bypass with reversed saphenous vein or graft. Six of all the limbs underwent resection of the aberrant muscle when revascularization.

RESULTSIschemic symptoms and claudication distance were improved in 24 patients (25 limbs). Postoperative ankle-branch index (ABI) was 0.75 ± 0.29, significantly higher than preoperative ABI 0.35 ± 0.20 (P < 0.01). Average follow up time was 10.2 months. I stage patency rate was 92.3%. Three patients were amputated postoperatively. The rate of limb salvage was 88.5% in this study.

CONCLUSIONSThe cause of popliteal artery occlusive disease are diverse. Treatment for popliteal artery occlusive disease should depend on its etiology to make the outcomes be satisfied.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Popliteal Artery ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult