Esophagus ; pathology ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Infant ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Trachea ; pathology ; Tracheoesophageal Fistula ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; surgery

BACKGROUND:Recent studies have demonstrated that Niacinamide is capable of promoting the proliferation of intervertebral cells and improving intervertebral disc degeneration.Overloading is thought to the main cause of intervertebral disc degeneration.However,the protective effects of Niacinamide in loading induced intervertebral disc degeneration remains uncertain,OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effects of Niacinamide against axial loading induced degeneration of rabbit lumbar disc.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized controlled experiment was carded out in the Central Laboratory and the Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics,Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology from November 2008 to April 2009.MATERIALS:Twenty-four Japanese white rabbits (4 months old,weighing 2.0 kg).Niacinamide was supplied by Tianjin Damao Chemical Reagent Factory.METHODS:Twenty-four Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups.The controllable axial loading induced rabbit lumbar disc degeneration model was adopted to impose 98N pressure on the rabbit discs to induce degeneration.Various doses of Niacinamide were given intragastrically to the rabbits in different groups:2 rabbits in group 1,the loading device was installed without pressing,and no Niacinamide was given;2 rabbits in group 2,given 50 mg/kg Niacinamide for 1 week;5 rabbits in group 3,loaded with 98N for 1 week;5 rabbits in group 4,loaded with 98N for 1 week,then the pressure was released for another week's recovery;5 rabbits in group 5,loaded with 98N and given 50 mg/kg Niacinamide for 1 week;5 rabbits in group 6,loaded with 98N for 1 week and then the pressure was released for another week's recovery,50 mg/kg Niacinamide was continually given during the 2 weeks.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Magnetic resonance image and Thompson's grading system were used to assess degeneration degree of the discs;hematoxylin and eosin staining,immunohistochemical staining for type Ⅱ collagen,and Safranin O staining were used to evaluate histological changes;immunohistochemical staining for P161NK4A was used to evaluate cell proliferation and senescence.RESULTS：①According to the Thompson's grading system，there was no disc exhibited degeneration in group 2；5 rabbits graded Ⅱ in group 3；4 rabbits graded Ⅱ and 1 rabbit graded Ⅲ in group 4；2 rabbits graded Ⅰ and 3 rabbits graded Ⅱ in group 5；3 rabbits graded Ⅰ and 2 rabbits graded Ⅱ in group 6.MRI results revealed the alleviated degeneration in Niacinamide given groups.②The content of type Ⅱ collagen of annulus fibrosus of group 6 was 53.2% higher than that of group 4 (P＜0.01).③Safranin O-Fast Green staining density of group 2 was higher than that of group 1；The staining density of nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus of groups 5 and 6 was higher than the corresponding parts of group 4，especially that of nucleus pulposus (P＜0.01，P＜0.01)，and group 6 exhibited slightly increased levels than group 5.④P16INK4A positive staining rates decreased with the extension of Niacinamide administration time.CONCLUSION：Niacinamide can help to alleviate overloading-caused damage to intervertebral disc，and can benefit the recovery of damaged intervertebral disc.

BACKGROUND: Studies have reported that Niacinamide is capable of promoting the proliferation of intervertebral cell and protecting intervertebral disc (IVD) against interleukin-1 β-induced degeneration. However,the mechanism of Niacinamide underlying protecting IVD degeneration remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the regulatory effect of Niacinamide on interleukin-1 β-induced cell apoptosis and energy metabolism related gene in IVD in vitro. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Experiments were performed in the Central Laboratory of Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from November 2007 to May 2008. MATERIALS: Fifty-six IVDs from L16 lumbar spine often Japanese white rabbits,aged 3-4 months and weighing 1.5-2.0 kg,were harvested and cultured in alginate gel for further experiments. METHODS: IVD cultured models were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group (with the absence of drags), Niacinamide group (administrating 0.5 g/L Niacinamide), degeneration group (administrating 10 μg/L interlenkin-1β),treatment group (administrating 10 μg/L interleukin-1β and 0.5 g/L Niacinamide).After 2 weeks of culture,TUNEL staining and immunohistochcmical staining for FAS,Bcl-2, Caspase-3, hypoxia induced factor 1a, glucose transporter-1 and vascular endothelial cell growth factor were used to detect alternated cell apoptosis and expression of energy metabolism related genes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The positive cell rates of TUNEL staining and immunohistochemical staining in each group. RESULTS: The rate of TUNEL positive-staining cells of degeneration group was higher than normal control group (P=0.001). The rate of FAS positive-staining cells of degeneration group was obviously higher than normal control group (P＜0.01). The rate of Bcl-2 positive-staining cells of Niacinamide group was higher than normal control group (P=0.004). The rate of Caspase-3 positive-staining cells of treatment group was lower than degeneration group significantly (P=0,024).The rate of hypoxia induced factor- 1α positive-staining cells of Niacinamide group was lower than normal control group (P＜0.01),and the rate of degeneration group was higher than normal control group (P＜0.01 ). The rate of glucose transporter-1 positive-staining cells of treatment group was higher than normal control group(P＜0.01). CONCLUSION: Niacinamide can inhibit interleukin-1β-induced IVD cell apoptosis and alleviates interleukin-1β induced disturbance of energy metabolism.

Objective To analyze the incidence and risk factors for regional nodal failure(RNF) and chest wall recurrence(CWR) in T1 or T2 breast cancer patients(median age 44 year-range 26-72) with 1-3 positive axillary nodes treated with postmastectomy radiotherapy limited to the regional nodes.Methods From 1990 to 1999,320 patients were treated with postmastectomy(radical or modified radical) radiother- apy confined to the supraclavicular and internal mammary nodes with a median dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks.The median number of nodes examined was 8 (range 1-24).The median lymph nods rate (LNR) was 25% (range 5%-100%).Results The 5-year overall survival rate and disease free survival rate was 89.7% and 83.4%,respectively.The 5-year RNF and CWR was 7.9% and 5.7%,respectively. The 5-year RNF in patients with LNR＜30% and≥30% was 4.4% and 14.0% (P=0.002).The 5-year CWR in the subgroups with LNR＜30% and≥30% was 3.5% and 9.6% (P=0.018).In age≤35 year eld patients with LNR≥30%,the 5-year RNF and CWR was 40.0% and 20.0%.In T2 patients with LNR≥30%,the 5-year RNF and CWR was 15.8% and 12.2%.Age and LNR were independent prognostic factors for RNF+CWR,LNR was the only independent prognostic factor for CWR by multivariate analysis. Conclusions In T1 or T2 breast cancer patients with 1-3 positive axiliary nodes treated with radical or modified radical mastectomy,a relatively high incidence of chest wall recurrence is observed in the subgroup of patients with lymph nods rate of 30% or greater accompanied by a T2 primary tumor or age≤35 years old. Lymph nodes rate is the only significant prognostic factor of chest wall recurrence.For these patients,post- operative lymphatic drainage area and chest wall irradiation should be considered.

BACKGROUND:ABO-incompatibility between donor and recipient is not a barrier for Successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation even though it is well established that major ABO incompatibility may lead to prolonged destruction of donor-derived erythrocytos and prolonged transfusioil requirements.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of ABO.incompatible on clinical characteristics in allogeneic-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.DESIGN:A retrospective observation.SETTING:Department of Hematology.the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School.PARTICIPANTS:Fourteen patients(11 males and 3 feiliales,aged 15-60 years old)with malignant hematologic diseases who received ABO-incompatible allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School from May 2002 to September 2007 Were recruited for this study.Of the 14 patients,7 were human leukocyte antigen(HLA).matched,and the other 7 were HLA-half-matched.Controls were 11 patients who received ABO-compatibility bone marrow transplantation during the same period.Written informed consents for receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were obtained from each reciplent.The donors were sibling sister,sibling brother.son and mother,and they all agreed to provide marrow for transplantation.T1lis experiment was given an approval by the Ethics Committees of the hospital.METHODS:Regimen conditioning:HLA-matched transplantation regimen conditioning consisted of busulfan(Bu)and cyclophosphamide(Cy).HLA-half-matched transplantation regimen conditioning adopted GIAC program from Beijing People's Hospital.The GIAC program consisted of 4 parts:G:granulocyte colony-stimulating factors used for donors;I:stronger immunosuppressive regimen conditioning used for recipients;A: antihuman thymocyte globulin added:C: combined transplantation of bone marrow and peripheral blood;Perfusion of hematopoietic stem cells:The marrow from ABO-incompatible donor depleted erythrocytes by hydroxyethyl starch sedimentation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Adverse reaction.complication and hematologic recovery after ABO-incompatibility stem cell transplantation.RESULTS:One out of fourteen recipients developed pure red cell aplasia(PRCA)and dropped out of final analysis.Hematologic recovery:The median time of erythrocyte recovery after ABO-incompatible stem cell transplantation was delayed compared with ABO compatible stem cell transplantation (t=2.352.P＜0.05).There were no significant difieFences in the recovery of neutrophils and platelets between ABO-incompatible group and ABO-compatible group(P＞0.05).The median time of recovery of the erythrocyte and the blood type switching was delayed in HLA-mis-matched allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation compared with HLA-matched allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,but without significant difference(P＞0.05).Complications:During the stem cell transfusion following transplantation.none of 14 Patieats had hemolytic complications or delayed haemolysis.CONCLUSION:There was no evidence of ABO-incompatibility between donor and recipient is a barrier for successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Shikonin, the main active ingredient of Lithospermum, and its derivatives have been proved to have antitumor effects, and the anti-tumor mechanisms involve multiple targets. Based on recent literatures, this review focuses on the antitumor effects and its mechanisms. More emphases are given on the aspects of induction of apoptosis, induction of necrosis, acting on matrix metalloproteinase, acting on the protein tyrosine kinase and antiangiogenesis. The current status and problems of shikonin derivatives in antitumor effects are simply summarized and lookout for the development of antitumor drugs with shikonin as leading compounds.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lithospermum ; chemistry ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Naphthoquinones ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Necrosis ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; prevention & control ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism

?AlM: To investigate the outcome and safety of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation treatment in uncontrolled primary congenital glaucoma ( PCG) .
? METHODS: Twenty - two eyes in 22 children with uncontrolled PCG were reviewed retrospectively and underwent Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation treatment from January 2011 to December 2014. Main checking index included intraocular pressure ( lOP ) before and after operation, corneal diameter and complications.
?RESULTS: Preoperative mean age was 3. 74±2. 24y, and 2. 59 ± 1. 78y apart from the last operation. Postoperative average lOP was 35. 22 ± 6. 36mmHg. Average corneal diameter was 12. 79 ± 0. 75mm. Mitomycin C ( 0. 3 - 0. 5mg/mL ) was used in all operations for 3-5min. Glaucoma valves were implanted in the temporal or nose above the equator sclera. Postoperative lOP was 11. 4±4. 45mmHg at 1wk, and 16. 73± 7. 23mmHg after 12mo. As lOP< 21mmHg for success criteria, lOP of 16 eyes ( 73%) were controlled after 12mo. Preoperative 6 cases had shallow anterior chamber, recovered spontaneously. No serious complication was recorded, such as rejection of glaucoma valve, endoophthalmitis and corneal decompensation.
?CONCLUSlON:Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in uncontrolled PCG is a safe and viable treatment.

The growing status of Anoectochilus roxburghii seedling was observed and the survival rate of seedlings, height, stem diameter and plant fresh weight under the conditions of different transplanting substrate compositions, planting density, shading rate were measured. The results showed that the effects of different transplanting substrates, planting densities, shading rates and nutrient solutions on the growing status of A. roxburghii plantlets varied greatly. A. roxburghii plantlets demonstrated a high survival rate and better growing status under the Following conditions: the ratio of peat and river sand as 2: 1, the planting density as 3 cm x 3 cm, the shading rate as 70%, and the nutrient solution as 1/4MS. The findings of the study provide a solid technical solution for the artificial cultivation of A. roxburghii plantlets.
Breeding ; methods ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Orchidaceae ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Seedlings ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Survival Analysis

To study the effect of dietary fatty acid on the colon tumorigenesis induced by methyl nitrosourea in rats, male SD rats were fed five semi-synthetic diets composed of different proportions of beef tallow, soybean oil, alkana oil, corn oil and fish oil for 180 days. The experimental groups were injected with a solution of methyl nitrosourea in phosphate buffer intraperitoneally once a week for six weeks. The control groups were injected with phosphate buffer solution only. The incidence of colon cancer, the avergage volume of the tumors, proliferation cell nuclear antigen, cell kinetics, membrane lipid fluidity, alkaline phosphatase activities and the content of prostaglandin E2 in colon mucosa and the fatty acid of testis pad fat were measured at the end of the experiment. The results showed that the incidence of colon cancer and the average volume of tumors in animals fed with diets composed mainly of beef tallow, soybean oil or alkana oil were significantly higher than those that were fed fish oil. The most effective anticancer diet in our study contained saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid of fish oil in the proportion of 13.9%, 16.4% and 68.8% respectively. Inhibition of colon tumorigenesis appeared to be related to the regulation of membrane lipid fluidity, and a decrease in the proliferation of cell nuclear antigen in colon cells. In addition, a decrease was noted in the number of cells in S phase and alkaline phosphatase activity, along with inhibition of arachidonic acid products and a corresponding decrease in the amount of prostaglandin E2.

AIMTo synthesize the selenophosphocholine analogues containing tegafur and test their antitumor activities.

METHODSThe cyclic glyceroselenophospholopid conjugate of tegafur was synthesized by the reaction of hexaethylphosphorous triamide with N1-(2-furanidyl)-N3-(hydroxyalkyl)-5-fluyorouracil and 1-O-hexadecyl glycerol as well as selenium in one-pot. Cyclic glyceroselenophospholopid conjugate of tegafur reacted with triethylamine to give title compounds.

RESULTSSix new compounds have been synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13P NMR and elemental analysis. Antitumor activity of the title compounds against PGA1 was tested.

CONCLUSIONThe reaction of triethylamine with cyclic glyceroselenophospholopid conjugate of tegafur very readily occurred, which was finished within 2 h at room temperature. The opening-ring products of trans isomers showed antimutor activity against human uriaryl bladder cancer cell more effective than that of the tegafur.

Antineoplastic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Organoselenium Compounds ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Phosphorylcholine ; analogs & derivatives ; Tegafur ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology