Adolescent ; Adult ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Female ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; mortality ; surgery ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; mortality ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tissue Donors ; Young Adult

Objective To study the effects of moderate hypothermia on cerebral glucose and ATP contents andmitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischimic brain damage (HIBD).Methods Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rat pups were subjected to ligation of the left carotid artery followed by exposureto hypoxia environment of 8 % O2 for 2 h, then they were randomly assigned into normothermic recovered group ( Ingroup) and moderate-hypothermic recovered group (IH group). The sham-operated rats which were used as the controlwere assigned into the normothermic control group (NC group) and moderate-hypothermic control group (HC group).The contents of glucose and ATP and activity of mitochondrial SDH were assayed at 0, 2, 6, 24, 48, 72 h after HIBD.Results The cerebal glucose contents in the IN and IH groups were significantly lower than those of the NC and Hcgroups 0 h after HIBD. Two hours after HIBD, the glucose content recovered to norhal level. The concentration of ATPand activity of SDH in the IN group decreased first, then they recovered gradually and reached a peak 72 hours afterHIBD. After 6 hours or 2 hours of HIBD, the ATP content or SDH activity of the brain in the IH group weresignificantly higher than those in the IN group. The ATP concentration was closely related to the SDH activity ( r =0.515, P ＜0.01). Conclusions Moderate hypothermia might protect brain tissue by inhibiting the decrease of SDHactivity and increasing the synthesis of ATP.

BACKGROUNDTo study the relationship between HCV infection and the development of type II diabetes mellitus.

METHODS1. The case record files of 126 patients with chronic hepatitis C vs. 227 with chronic hepatitis B were reviewed and the laboratory and demographic data were extracted. 2. Anti-HCV and HBsAg were determined for 160 type II diabetes patients and 223 healthy adults by ELISA.

RESULTS1. The occurrence of diabetes in patients with chronic hepatitis C was 19.05%, higher than 8.37% in patients with chronic hepatitis B (P<0.01). Age and HCV infection were independent risk factors for diabetes. 2. Five patients with type II diabetes were anti-HCV positive (3.12%) while none of the 223 healthy adults was anti-HCV positive (P<0.05). Seven patients with diabetes (4.37%) and 12 healthy adults (5.38%)were HBsAg positive (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONS1. The occurrence of diabetes was significantly higher in patients with HCV related liver disease than in patients with HBV related liver disease. 2. The occurrence of anti HCV was higher in diabetes patients than in healthy adults. HCV may play a role in the development of diabetes mellitus.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Comorbidity ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; epidemiology ; virology ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; complications ; epidemiology ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; complications ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Random Allocation ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of Lai's acupuncture therapy combined with Chinese herbal decoction for the treatment of infertility with ovulatory dysfunction, and to summarize the experience of Professor Lai Xin-Sheng in treating infertility. Methods Ninety-six infertility patients with ovulatory dysfunction were randomized into treatment group and control group, 48 cases in each group. The treatment group was treated with Lai's Tongyuan acupuncture therapy for regulating Governor Vessel to tranquilize mind, inducing meridian Qi to original Qi, and was also given oral use of Chinese herbal decoction of Lai's Yiyun Recipe for promoting gestation. The control group was treated with Chinese herbal decoction alone. The treatment began exactly after the completion of menstruation period and lasted 15 days for one treatment course, covering 3 courses. And then the patients of the two groups were followed-up for 3 months. Therapeutic effect and pregnancy rate were evaluated after treatment, serum levels of estradiol and progesterone were examined, and abdominal ultrasonography was used for monitoring the maximum diameter of the dominant follicles and endometrial thickness before and after treatment. Results (1) Three cases from the treatment group and 5 cases from the control group were dropped out, and the final case number in the treatment group and control group was 45, 43 respectively. (2) The total efficiency of the treatment group was 88.9％, and that of the control group was 81.4％. The effect of the treatment group was better than that of the control group (P < 0.05). (3) The pregnancy rate of the treatment group was 73.3％, higher than that of the control group (51.2％), the difference being significant (P < 0.05). (4) After treatment, the maximum diameter of the dominant follicles and endometrial thickness in the two groups were obviously improved(P < 0.05 compared with those before treatment), and the improvement in the treatment group was superior to that in the control group (P < 0.05). (5) After treatment, the serum levels of estradiol and progesterone in the two groups were obviously improved(P < 0.05 compared with those before treatment) , and the improvement in the treatment group was superior to that in the control group(P < 0.05). Conclusion The therapeutic effect of Lai's acupuncture therapy combined with Chinese herbal decoction is superior to that of Chinese herbal decoction alone, showing an obvious synergistic effect by shortening the course of treatment and enhancing pregnancy rate.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture plus medication in treating chronic pelvic inflammatory disease. Method By using the random number table, sixty-eight patients with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease were randomized into an acupuncture-medication group of 34 cases and a medication group of 34 cases. The clinical efficacies were compared after 2 courses of treatment, and the symptoms and body signs scores and syndrome score of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) were also compared. Result There was a significant difference in comparing the therapeutic efficacy between the acupuncture-medication group and the medication group (P<0.05). After the treatment, the symptoms and body signs scores and TCM syndrome score dropped significantly in both groups (P<0.05), indicating that the two groups both had improvement in the symptoms, body signs and TCM syndrome; there were significant between-group differences in comparing the score differences in the symptoms and body signs scores and TCM syndrome score after the treatment (P<0.05), and the acupuncture-medication group was higher than the medication group. Conclusion Acupuncture plus medication can better ameliorate the symptoms and body signs and TCM syndrome in chronic pelvic inflammatory disease.

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the imaging patterns of endoscopy aided by iodine stain and histological diagnosis.

METHODSA balloon cytological screening was conducted in 4000 participants in high-risk area of esophageal cancer in 1997-1998, 1050 out of these 4000 participants were confirmed as abnormal by cytology. Among them, 867 were given endoscopy examination during which mucosal stain with 1.2% iodine solution was used. The stain images were graded as four categories: Grade 1, dark yellow, protruding inlay-like with clear borders and showing pink after discoloration; Grade 2, between grade 1 and grade 3; Grade 3, light yellow, flat lesion with clear but not sharp borders and Grade 4, dark-brown color. According to the above criteria, the lesions were recorded and graded after the examination. The biopsies were taken from the unstained lesions and underwent pathologic evaluation. A comparison between the imaging patterns of endoscopy aided by iodine stain and histological diagnosis was evaluated. The correlation coefficient was estimated using Spearman's Rank Correlation.

RESULTS94.4% (68/72) of the superficial carcinoma and severe dysplasia, 61.8% (73/118) of moderate dysplasia and 27.7% (35/126) of mild dysplasia were distributed in the grade 1 and grade 2 of iodine stain images of which the patterns conforming to the principle and rule of formation of the image by iodine stain.

CONCLUSIONThere is close relationship between the imaging patterns of endoscopy aided by iodine stain and histological diagnosis. The magnitude of exposure of the malignant tissue is the pathologic basis of formation of various images by iodine stain. Iodine stain greatly helps of early detection of esophageal cancer.

Biopsy ; Early Diagnosis ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Esophagoscopy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Iodine ; Male ; Precancerous Conditions ; pathology ; Staining and Labeling ; methods

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of a phospholipid-coated microbubble contrast agent for myocardium opacification in comparison with a albumin-coated microbubble contrast agent (Quanfuxian).

METHODSIn 10 dogs with single coronary artery stenosis involving the anterior descending branch or circumflex branch randomly received infusion of the two contrast agents through the femoral vein. The myocardial blood flow, heart rate and blood pressure were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The concentration and the particle diameter of the two contrast agents were determined.

RESULTSThe concentration of the phospholipid-coated microbubbles was (1.06-/+0.22) x10(9)/ml, with a diameter of 3.04-/+0.34 microm, similar to the concentration and diameter of Quanfuxian ((1.31-/+0.33)x10(9)/ml and 2.88-/+0.58 microm, respectively, P>0.05). Both of the agents achieved grade three myocardium opacification, and produced no obvious effect on the heart rate and blood pressure. Quantitative analysis of myocardial opacification in terms of myocardial blood volume (A), blood velocity (beta), and blood flow (A x beta) revealed no significant difference between the two agents (P>0.05), and the parameters derived from the two agents showed good correlations (P<0.05, rA=0.809, r beta=0.932, rA.beta=0.925).

CONCLUSIONThe phospholipid-coated microbubble contrast agent shows good effect for myocardial opacification without significant difference from Quanfuxian. Both of the agents are good ultrasound contrast agents for quantitative analysis of myocardium blood flow.

Albumins ; chemistry ; Animals ; Contrast Media ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Coronary Stenosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Dogs ; Echocardiography ; methods ; Female ; Male ; Microbubbles ; Phospholipids ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the status quo of clinical engineering departments (CED) in Guangdong province, to find out the main problems and challenges, and to give some suggestions on promoting the development of clinical engineering. Methods Questionnaires were issued to directors or engineers in hospitals on department missions, staff composition, quality control and obstructive factors for discipline development. Statistical analysis was executed for the questionnaires. Results Only 53.19% of the CED operated independently. The daily CE practice in Guangdong hospitals included carrying out procurement, installation, maintenance and archiving. Only 28.0%of the hospitals had QC instruments. The education backgrounds were mainly restrained in undergraduate degree and junior college degree, accounting for 80.0%. Totally 39.0% of the clinical engineers majored in biomedical engineering. The personnel with primary or intermediate professional titles accounted for 61.96%. There was 0.68 engineer per 100 beds or 0.23 engineer per ten million Yuan medical equipment. The top 3 factors that hindered the development of CE were inadequacy of professional staff, low education level and absence of laws and regulations. Conclusion CED in Guangdong province drops behind the outstanding institutions in China, and has to be promoted with the efforts of supervision facilities and etc.

Objective To investigate the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on large-conductance Ca2 + -activated K+ ( BKCa ) channels and voltage-dependent K+ ( Kv ) channels in rat coronary artery smooth muscle cells ( CASMCs ),and evaluate the vasorelaxation mechanisms of DHA.Methods BKCa and Kv currents in individual CASMC were recorded by patch-clamp technique in whole-cell configuration.Effects of DHA at various concentrations (0,10,20,40,60 and 80 μ mol/L) on BKCa and Kv channels were observed.Results ( 1 ) DHA enhanced IBKCa and BKCa tail currents in a concentration-dependent manner while did not affect the stably activated curves of IBKCa+ IBKCa current densities were (68.2±22.8),(72.4 ±24.5),(120.4 ±37.9),(237.5 ±53.2),(323.6 ±74.8) and (370.6 ±88.2 )pA/pF respectively (P ＜ 0.05,n =30) with the addition of 0,10,20,40,60 and 80 μmol/L DHA concentration,and half-effect concentration ( EC50 ) of DHA was (36.22 ± 2.17 ) μmol/L.(2) IKv and Kv tail currents were gradually reduced,stably activated curves of IKv were shift to the right,and stably inactivated curves were shifted to the left in the presence of DHA.IKv current densities were (43.9 ±2.3),(43.8±2.3),(42.9±2.0),(32.3±1.9),(11.7±1.5) and (9.6 ±1.2)pA/pF respectively(P＜0.05,n =30) post treatment with 0,10,20,40,60 and 80 μmol/L DHA under manding potential equal to +50 mV,and EC50 of DHA was (44.19 ±0.63) μmol/L.Conclusion DHA can activate BKCa channels and block Kv channels in rat CASMCs,the combined effects on BKCa and Kv channels lead to the vasodilation effects of DHA on vascular smooth muscle cells.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the current status of disabled children and prevalence of disabilities in children aged 0-6 years and their risk factors, and to provide scientific evidence for making relevant policies for disabled children.

METHODSIn a community-based cross-sectional study, multi-phase, stratified, unequal proportional and cluster sampling was adopted to survey 60 124 children aged 0-6 years. All the investigated children were screened for disabilities, and those with positive screening tests were further diagnosed by various specialties.

RESULTSA total of 819 children were diagnosed as disabled with an overall prevalence of 1.362%, 0.155% for hearing disability, 0.160% for visual disability, 0.931% for intelligent disability, 0.424% for limb disability, and 0.101% for mental disability. Prevalence of disability in children was higher in rural areas, and in families with two or more children, low educational level or in divorced families.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of disability can be reduced by economic development, improvement of health care and quality of population, as well as harmonious familial relationship, early prevention of disability, and preschool education for disabled children.

Blindness ; epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Disabled Persons ; Hearing Loss ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intellectual Disability ; epidemiology ; Limb Deformities, Congenital ; epidemiology