To study the general characteristics of cancer pain and to improve cancer pain diagnosis and treatment lev-el by prospective and open cross-sectional assessment of the clinical characteristics of patients with moderate to severe cancer pain. Methods:Patients with moderate to severe cancer pain were observed upon initial admission to the hospital from December 2012 to De-cember 2013. We assessed pain intensity, location, characteristics, and predisposing and mitigating factors and classified the pain by pathophysiology. Results:A total of 310 patients with moderate (101 cases, 32.58%) and severe (209 cases, 67.42%) pains were as-sessed. The top five cancers identified were lung cancer (102 cases, 32.90%), colorectal cancer (30 cases, 9.68%), pancreatic cancer (27 cases, 8.71%), breast cancer (24 cases, 7.74%), and gastric cancer (20 cases, 6.54%). These patients reported 533 cancer pain locations, including waist (132 cases), abdominal (125 cases), chest (88 cases), lower limb (71 cases), shoulder, neck, and upper limb (47 cases), pelvis (33 cases), perineal area (23 cases), and head and face (14 cases). The pain location of the pancreatic cancer was 90.63%consis-tent with the primary tumor site. The pathophysiology of the pain was classified as follows:bone pain (145 cases, 27.20%), visceral pain (138 cases, 25.89%), soft tissue pain (126 cases, 23.64%), and neuropathic pain (124 cases, 23.27%). The incidence of visceral pain in pancreatic cancer was 92.59%. Conclusion:A variety of common malignancies could cause moderate to severe pain, especially lung cancer. The clinical manifestation of pancreatic cancer pain is visceral pain. The location of this cancer was consistent with the pri-mary tumor site. No apparent specificity was observed in other cancer types.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for dissolution determination of Erythromycin ethylsuccinate granules.METHODS:Paddle method was adopted and 0.1 mol?L-1 HCl solution was used as dissolution medium at rotation rate of 50 r?min-1.UV spectrophotometry was used to detect at wavelength of 482 nm.Dissolution rate was calculated.RESULTS:The linear range of erythromycin ethylsuccinate were 4～40 mg?L-1(r=0.999 0,n=5)with an average recovery of 99.19%(RSD=0.56%).Dissolution rate of erythromycin ethylsuccinate was more than 80% within 30 min.CONCLUSION:The method is rapid,simple and accurate for the quality control of Erythromycin ethylsuccinate granules.

The morbidity of pancreatic duct calculus is increasing every year in China. Currently the main therapeutic methods include non-surgical treatment and surgical treatment. Non-surgical treatments contain endoscopic calculus extracting and / or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Surgical treatment has two categories: drainage of the pancreatic duct decompression and pancreatectomy. Concrete treatment or surgical options should follow the strategy of individual.

Object To study the effects of SINI TANG (SNT) on the rat aortic rings pre-contracted by high K + and phenylephrine (Phe). Methods The effects of SNT on the aortic rings in the presence of 60 mmol/L KCl and Phe (1?10 -9 -1?10 -4 mmol/L) were observed and t heir me chanisms were studied after treatment with Propranolol (Pro, 3?10 -6 mmol/ L) and Bay K8644 (BK, 1?10 -5 mmol/L) as tool drugs. Results SNT inhibited the contraction induced by cumulative Phe and decreased the maximum tension (T max ); Pro couldn't influe nce the effects of SNT. SNT attenuated the amplitude of contractile effect of hi gh K +; BK couldn't reverse the effects of SNT. Conclusion SNT can shift the dose-response curve to the right and decrease the T max . It shows that SNT is a kind of noncompe titive antagonism. SNT decreases the effect of high K + against contraction of the artery. BK, a L-type Ca 2+ channels activator, couldn't recover the inhibition induced by SNT. The results suggest that SNT inhibit ? 1 recep tor, while calcium channel may not be involved in attenuating the effect of SNT on high K +-induced contraction.

AIM: To investigate the influence of adenosine on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) bFGF protein production and bFGF mRNA expression. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to detect bFGF protein. RT-PCR was performed to detect bFGF mRNA expression. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry study demonstrated that there was only a small amount of bFGF positive cells and the color was weak in control group (without adenosine). In groups treated with 10~-4 mol/L and 10~-6 mol/L adenosine, bFGF protein was significantly higher than that in control group (P0.05). RT-PCR showed that in 10~-4 mol/L and 10~-6 mol/L adenosine groups, bFGF mRNA expression was higher than that in control group (P0.05). CONCLUSION: Adenosine may promote HUVEC proliferation and angiogenesis partly through inducing bFGF expression.

Abnormal epigenetics play important roles in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). DNA hypermeth-ylation is the most common epigenetic abnormality in MDS. Demethylating DNA hypermethylation may improve the quality of life of MDS patients and prolong their overall survival. Azacitidine and decitabine are the demethylating drugs approved for MDS treatment. These drugs showed clinical effects on all subgroups of MDS patients.

Objective: To investigate the curative effect of combined acupuncture and medicine on pseudobulbar paralysis. Method:The patients were allocated into an acupuncture group of 50 cases and a control group of 48 cases by completely random sampling. The acupuncture group received western medicine combined with acupuncture and the control group received simple Western medicine. Results:The effective rate was 92.0% in the acupuncture group and 62.5% in the control group. There was a very significant difference in curative effect between the two groups(P＜ 0.01). Conclusion: The curative effect of combined acupuncture and medicine on pseudobulbar paralysis is significantly better than that of simple Western medicine.

Anemia is one of the most common complication and a negative prognostic factor of lymphoid neoplasma.Different cases with lymphoid neoplasma associated anemia(LNAA)have various pathogenesis such as hemorrhagic anemia, anemia of chronic disease,autoimmune hemolytic anemia and treatment related anemia, though they all have the same symptoms. So different regimens are given to different patients according to their pathogenesis of LNAA.

Adjuvant analgesics refer to a group of drugs that are used not only to treat certain diseases but also to induce analge-sia. Such drugs demonstrate different mechanisms based on the complexity of cancer pain. Thus, opioids, nonsteroidal drugs, and adju-vant analgesics are often combined to control cancer pain. According to the WHO three-step analgesic ladder, adjuvant analgesics can be used at any cancer stage, and the usage of these drugs combined with opioids can reduce the required dosages of these pain relievers, thereby alleviating the adverse reactions associated with opioid use. Moreover, these drugs are particularly suitable for neuropathic pain patients who are not fully sensitive to opioids. The commonly used adjuvant analgesics include antidepressants, anticonvulsants, local administration drugs, corticosteroids, and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists. Various adjuvant analgesics also differ in usage and dosage based on primary disease treatment. Therefore, clinical doctors should determine the adverse reactions, proper dos-age, and subsequent amount of dosage to be added in a few days or weeks to achieve balance between the desired effect and adverse re-actions.

Neurolytic celiac plexus block (NCPB) is an effective method used to alleviate upper abdominal pain or back pain caused by pancreatic cancer and other malignancies. NCPB can relieve cancer pain to improve the quality of life and cause fewer side effects than conventional analgesic drugs. This article systemically reviewed NCPB methodology and research progress in clinical appli-cations.