Animals ; Astragalus Plant ; Cardiomyopathies ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Myocardium ; Rats

The aim of this study is to compare the contents of five types of anthraquinones which mainly includes chrysophanol, physcion, emodin, rhein and physcion and phenolic acids in ten different processed products from Rheum officinale, and to investigate the effect of different initial processing method on the contents of anthraquinones and phenolic acids. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out by SPSS software to evaluate the quality of different processed products from Rh. officinale. In conclusion, the contents of anthraquinones in different processed products from Rh. officinale assume the certain regularity. Whether fresh-cut Rheum officinale Bail and how to dry it are derectly effect the contents of anthraquinones and phenolic compounds. The content of anthraquinones in rheum officinale of drying is obviously higher than smudging, and was more abundant in branch root than tap roots. Rh. officinale of drying which growed in Fengjie gained the highest score in PCA. Meanwhile, the procedure of wetting also help to increase the content of anthraquinones and decrease the content of phenolic acids.
Anthraquinones ; chemistry ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Hydroxybenzoates ; chemistry ; Rheum ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical effect and safety of anti-D immunoglobulin (anti-D) in the treatment of children with newly diagnosed acute immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) through a Meta analysis.

METHODSPubMed, EMBASE, Cohrane Library, Ovid, CNKI, and Wanfang Data were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to April 2017. Review Manager 5.3 was used for the Meta analysis.

RESULTSSeven RCTs were included. The Meta analysis showed that after 72 hours and 7 days of treatment, the intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) group had a significantly higher percentage of children who achieved platelet count >20×10/L than the anti-D group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in platelet count after 24 hours, 72 hours, and 7 days of treatment between the anti-D (50 μg/kg) group and the IVIG group (P>0.05), and there were also no significant differences in platelet count after 24 hours and 7 days of treatment between the 50 μg/kg and 75 μg/kg anti-D groups (P>0.05). The anti-D group had a significantly greater reduction in the hemoglobin level than the IVIG group after treatment, but did not need transfusion. No children in the anti-D group or the IVIG group experienced serious adverse reactions.

CONCLUSIONSIntravenous injection of anti-D may have a similar effect as IVIG in improving platelet count in children with acute ITP, but it may be slightly inferior to IVIG in the rate of platelet increase after treatment. The anti-D dose of 50 μg/kg may have a similar effect as 75 μg/kg. The recommended dose of anti-D for treatment of ITP is safe.

Humans ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Platelet Count ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic ; blood ; drug therapy ; Rho(D) Immune Globulin ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use

Bronchi ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnostic Errors ; Foreign Bodies ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; congenital ; diagnosis ; Male

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for investigating the nutrition situation of the inpatients in departments of spinal surgery and minimally invasive spinal surgery and promoting the clinical rational use of nutritional support drugs. METHODS:Des-ignated continuous sampling was used to select the inpatients that fit the conditions in the departments of spinal surgery and mini-mally invasive spinal surgery in our hospital from Jan. to Dec. 2013,and the nutritional risk screening 2002 was used to investigate the patients’nutritional risk at admission and upon discharge,the nutritional support during hospitalization were recorded. RE-SULTS:In the 432 enrolled patients,the overall incidence of nutritional risk was 11.57% at admission,12.40% in spinal surgery and 10.44% in minimally invasive spinal surgery;and the overall incidence of nutritional risk was 19.44% upon discharge, 23.60% in spinal surgery,with statistical significance when compared with admission(P<0.05),while 13.74% in minimally inva-sive spinal surgery,with no statistical significance when compared with admission(P>0.05). The nutritional support rate of 50 pa-tients with nutritional risk at admission was 88.00%,14.14% of 382 non-risk patients still received a redundant nutritional support. The 44 patients with nutritional risk who received nutritional support had the average calories intake of(9.84±8.10)kJ/(kg·d),in-cluding 10.16% lipids and 9.55% protein;all patients who received nutritional support found no patients with enteral nutrition sup-port. CONCLUSIONS:Inpatients in departments of spinal surgery and minimally invasive spinal surgery suffer a lower incidence of nutritional risk at admission,and a higher incidence of nutritional risk in the former one upon discharge. While some patients who received nutritional support show no indication,and administrations of nutritional support are still debatable,the use of drug is irrational.

The laboratory teaching of bacteriological analysis is very important for training practical analysis professionals.For better quality of laboratory teaching,in this paper,we practice a series of reform facilitating the lab teaching of bacteriological analysis,which is involved in the exploration and study of new curriculum system and teaching evaluation.The educational practices create effective teaching and learning environment and better performance.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) on the expression of transforming growth factor beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor-1 of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1) in rats with pulmonary damage induced by paraquat (PQ).

METHODSFifty-four healthy male SD rats were randomly assigned into the control group (normal saline), the PQ-treatment groups (4 groups) and the PDTC treatment groups (4 groups). Except the rats in the control group, the rats in the PQ group were gavaged only with 40 mg/kg PQ, and PDTC group with 40 mg/kg PQ plus immediate injection 120 mg/kg PDTC (i.p). On the 3rd, the 7th, the 14th and 28th day after treatments, one group rats of each treatments were sacrificed and lung and blood samples were collected. The level of TGF-beta(1) protein in the plasma, the mRNA expression of TGF-beta(1), MMP-2 and TIMP-1 were evaluated using RT-PCR and real-time quantitative PCR, while pathological changes of lung were examined under optical microscope and electrical microscope.

RESULTSThe TGF-beta(1) protein, TGF-beta(1) and MMP-2 mRNA expression were increased significantly in the earlier stage and then decreased after PQ administration (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), while the mRNA level of TIMP-1 was augmented continuously (P < 0.01) throughout the study compared to the control group. In comparison with the PQ group, in the PDTC treatment group, the TGF-beta(1) mRNA expression on the 3rd and the 14th day, 0.54 +/- 0.08 and 0.72 +/- 0.04 respectively, the MMP-2 mRNA expression on the 7th and 14th day, 1.62 +/- 0.50 and 1.97 +/- 0.34 respective-ly, and the TIMP-1 mRNA on the 7th and 21st day, 1.79 +/- 0.21 and 2.00 +/- 0.34 respectively, were significantly decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONPDTC could attenuate paraquat-induced up-regulation of TGF-beta(1) and its mRNA expression, MMP-2 and TIMP-1 mRNA levels, which indicates that PDTC may exert its protective effects on paraquat-induced pulmonary damage by alleviating the earlier inflammation damage and adjust-ing the balance between MMPs and TIMPs. However, further studies are still warranted to investigate and clarify the underlying mechanisms involved in this complicated process.

Acute Lung Injury ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; Pyrrolidines ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Thiocarbamates ; pharmacology ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the efficacy of Zaozhu Yinchen Recipe (ZZYCR) on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients, and to explore its effect on serum free fatty acid (FFA) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha).

METHODSTotally 120 patients with NASH were randomly assigned to the treatment group (60 cases, treated with ZZYCR, one dose per day) and the control group (60 cases, treated with Silibin Meglumine Tablets, 20 mg each time, thrice per day). The therapeutic course for all was 24 weeks. Serum levels of ALT and AST activities, TC and TG levels were detected before and after treatment. Peritoneal CT was performed in all patients, and CT ratios of liver and spleen calculated. NAFLD activity score (NAS) and degree of hepatic fibrosis were assessed using pathological examinations of liver tissue, and efficacy also evaluated. Serum contents of FFA and TNF-alpha were also detected.

RESULTSCompared with before treatment in the same group, activities of ALT and AST, serum levels of TC, TG, FFA, and TNF-alpha, NAS, scores of symptoms and signs all obviously decreased, degree of hepatic fibrosis was obviously improved in the two groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). These changes were more obviously seen in the treatment group (P < 0.05). After 24-week treatment, the total effective rate and total clinical efficacy were 80.00% (48/60 cases) and 85.00% (51/60 cases) in the treatment group, obviously higher than those in the control group [60.00% (36/60 cases) and 73.33% (44/60 cases) respectively], with significant difference (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONZZYCR could improve the clinical efficacy of NASH patients, and its mechanism might be associated with inhibiting serum levels of FFA and TNF-alpha.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; blood ; Humans ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; drug therapy ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

AIMTo Investigate the effect of glutamate (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA) in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) on regulation of gastric motility.

METHODSUsing microinjection in OFC,together with lesion of related nucleus,and recording the intragastric pressure(IGP).

RESULTS(1) Microinjection of Glu in OFC caused a significant reduce of the amplitude of gastric motility, this effect could be reverse by lesion of amygdala, while lesion of LC had no influence on the effect of Glu. (2) microinjection of GABA in OFC could increase the amplitude of gastric motility significantly,and lesion of LC could abolish this effect,while lesion of amygdala could enhance the effect of GABA more.

CONCLUSIONMicroinjection of Glu in OFC may enhance the normal inhibitory effect of amygdale on gastric motility, and the effect of microinjection of GABA in OFC on gastric motility is closely related with LC.

Amygdala ; physiology ; Animals ; Female ; Frontal Lobe ; metabolism ; physiology ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; drug effects ; Glutamic Acid ; pharmacology ; Locus Coeruleus ; physiology ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; pharmacology

Adult ; Burns, Inhalation ; diagnostic imaging ; Explosions ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography