The sciatic nerves of rabbit were frozen with different temperatures(-20℃,-60℃, -- 100℃, -140℃ and 180℃).The morphology and function of the frozen nerves were examined with light microscopy (HE stain and histochemical thiocholism method), electron microscopy, and short latency sematesthelic evoked potentials(SSEP), sensory conduction velocity(SCV), electromyo-gram(EMG) at various time intervals after freezing. It was showed that there were no changes in morphology and function of nerves after being frozen at -20C. The nerve fibers showed signs of frozen degeneration and lost their conduction function at -60℃. However, the nerves could recover in this group. About one half of the nerve fibres frozen with -100℃ showed Wallerian degeneration, and the time of repair was delayed. But still the regeneration of nerves was complete. Necrosis of nerve fibers occurred immediately after freezing with -140℃ and-180℃. There were destruction of the basement membrane and proliferation of collagen fibers. The results explained the mechanism of cryoanalgesia clinically. We believe that the temperatures lower than -140℃ are optimal for cryoanalgesia.

ObjectiveTo predict the opportunity of infection and evaluate the severity of illness and prognosis for patients with lower resp iratory tract infections in intensive care unit (ICU) using the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅲ (APACHEⅢ) MethodsThe clini cal data of 115 cases with infections of pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in lowe r respiratory tract and 116 cases without PA infections were analyzed and evalua ted with APACHEⅢ score system ResultsAPACHEⅢ scores of non -survivors were significantly higher than those of survivors [(55 29?15 83) vs (25 97?14 39),P

Objective To establish the model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) and assay the influence on the host defense against Aspergillus infection when immunity was suppressed in mice.Methods Immunocompromised mice were made by treatment with cyclophosphamide administered intraperitoneally (i.p.).Suspension of conidia was applied to the nostrils of mice to make the model of IPA.Lungs were harvested and homogenized.Portions of homogenates were cultured to determine the number of CFU.IFN-? in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was determined by a cytokine-specific ELISA kit.Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) analysis was done to determine the mRNA of IFN-? in lung cells.Mortality of different rice was calculated.Results Compared with immunocompetent mice,the immunocompromised mice demonstrated a high mortality and had significantly higher concentration of infectious Aspergillus organisms in their lung tissues.In accordance with the increase of Aspergillus organisms,the levels of IFN-? in lung tissues got higher.Lung sections from immunocompromised mice revealed patterns of lesions characterized by signs of bronchial wall damage,peribronchial necrosis,and the presence of numerous infiltrating inflammatory cells.Conidia and hyphae were seen in these mice.In contrast,these features were not observed in immunocompetent mice whose lungs were characterized by few inflammatory cells infiltration,and few fungal growth after inoculation.Conclusion The levels of IFN-? in lung tissues are related to the infectious Aspergillus organisms.The immunity and T cells play a major role in host defense against Aspergillus infection.

OBJECTIVEThis study aims to do the following: construct a three-dimensional finite element model of an labial inverted impacted maxillary central incisor and its supporting tissues, analyze stress distribution in the periodontal tissue when various tractions are exerted, and provide references for treating impacted maxillary central incisor.

METHODSA three-dimensional finite element model oflabial inverted impacted maxillary central incisor and its periodontal tissues was established using Mimics 10.01 and Ansys 14.0 software based on original cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data. Various traction values (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 g) were exerted on the incisal margin in the direction perpendicular to the impacted tooth. Different Von Mises stress values were determined.

RESULTSStress distribution on the periodontal ligament increased with traction size. When 30 g traction was exerted on the labial inverted impacted maxillary central incisor, the Von Mises stress was 24 919.0 Pa, which was within the range of the optimum force and close to its maximum value.

CONCLUSIONThe optimum traction for early orthodontic treatment of labial inverted impacted maxillary central incisor is nearly 30 g.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of near-infrared light combined with tacrolimus 0.1％ ointment in the treatment of facial glucocorticoid-dependent dermatitis.Methods A total of 68 patients with facial glucocorticoid-dependent dermatitis were enrolled from Department of Dermatology of Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital between December 2014 and December 2015,and randomly and equally divided into treatment group and combination group by a random number table.The treatment group was treated topically with tacrolimus ointment twice a day for 4 weeks.Besides the treatment with tacrolimus ointment,the combination group was irradiated with near-infrared light once a week for 4 sessions.After 4-week treatment,improvement in clinical manifestations such as itching and burning sensation was evaluated,so was the therapeutic effect.Results The combination group showed significantly higher response rate (85.3％ [29/34]) compared with the treatment group (61.8％ [21/34],x2 =4.84,P ＜ 0.05).Additionally,response rates for itching and burning sensation,erythema,scales and papules were all significantly higher in the combination group than in the treatment group (x2 =4.84,6.35,8.42 and 5.52,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Near-infrared light combined with tacrolimus ointment is effective and safe for the treatment of facial glucocorticoid-dependent dermatitis.

Objective To investigate the effects of UVB irradiation and calciu m at different concentrations on the expression of pemphigus antigens by culture d human keratinocytes. Methods Human keratinocyte cultures were treated with eit her 2 mmol/L calcium added to the serum free media, or exposure to UVB irradiat ion. Immunofluorescence staining was performed with sera from patients with pemp higus vulgaris (PV) or pemphigus foliaceus (PF) as the first antigen. Extracts f rom both epidermis and keratinocytes were run on SDS-PAGE according to Laemmli ′s method and transferred to nitrocellulose membrane for immunoblot with PV and PF sera. Results Specific staining with PV sera was always detectable on kerati nocyte culture by immunofluorescence assay with or without high concentrations o f calcium while PF antigen was detected on stratified cells only. However, expos ure to UVB irradiation could not evoke keratinocyte culture express PF antigen. The reactivities were found at 160 kd band with PF sera while at both 160 kd and 130 kd bands with PV sera. Conclusions Monolayer or stratified keratinocytes ca n produce PV antigen, by increasing the concentration of calcium in the culture media, the human cultured kera tinocytes can be induced to stratify and express PFA. Human keratinocytes can not express PF antigen after exposure to UVB in intro.

Objective To study the action and mechanism of staphylococcal exfoliative toxin A(E-TA)on pemphigus foliaceus antigen(PFA)and pemphigus vulgaris antigen(PVA)expressed on cultured human keratinocytes.Methods Stratified human keratinocytes were incubated with ETA and then stained with sera from patients with pemphigus foliaceus or pemphigus vulgaris as the first antibodies and FITC-la-beled sheep anti-human IgG as the second antibody.Total protein was harvested from the cells pretreated with ETA and run on SDS-PAGE for Western blot with the same antibodies.Simultaneously,supernatants of the keratinocytes before and after ETA treatment were collected for detection of the levels of IL-1?,IL-6with ELISA kits.The caseinolytic activities of the supernatants were tested by spectrometry in which casein was used as a non-specific substrate.Results Down-expression of PFA was shown after ETA treatment while no change of PVA expression was found.The high intensity and continuous linear appearance of fluo-rescent staining before ETA treatment became weak and discontinuous after ETA treatment,which were re-covered gradually in24hours.The degradation of proteins recognized by PF sera after ETV treatment was revealed by Western blot.The decreasing tendency of IL-1?concentration was found in the supernatants of cell culture after ETA treatment,but IL-6level was too low to be detected.Increased caseinolytic activities were found in the supernatants,and declined36hours after ETA treatment.Conclusions ETA acts on PFA expressed on keratinocytes in vitro,which is reversible along with withdrawal of ETA.The mechanism of E-TA act on PFA may be related to proteolytic action instead of promoting cytokine secretion.

AIM:To investigate the distribution of protein Z intron FG79A polymorphisms in Chinese and the associations with coronary artery disease(CAD).METHODS:148 patients were performed selected coronary angiography and more than one major coronary vessel with at least 50% stenosis was defined as CAD.The control group consisted of 147 subjects.The protein Z intron FG79A polymorphisms were studied by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism and parts of PCR products were sequenced.RESULTS:Protein Z intron FG79A polymorphisms were first recovered in Chinese,and the frequencies of G and A alleles were 44.24% and 55.76%,respectively.The frequencies of two alleles were not significantly different between patients and controls.There was no significant difference in protein Z intron FG79A genotype distribution among patients with one,two or three stenosed vessels.No significant difference was found among the frequencies of the three genotypes between both acute coronary syndrome(ACS)and non-ACS.CONCLUSION:Protein Z intron FG79A polymorphisms are present in Chinese.Protein Z intron FG79A polymorphisms were not associated with CAD and ACS.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of using the posterior approach with cervical pedicle screw fixation technique for the treatment of lower cervical spine fractures and dislocations.Methods Thirty patients suffered lower cervical fractures and dislocations were retrospectively analyzed,and they were underwent cervical pedicle screw system fixation surgery from January 2010 to December 2012.There were 22 males and 8 females,with an average age of 41 years (range,24-61 years).Eight injuries were located at C4,5,12 at C5,6,and 10 at C6.7.According to the American Spinal Cord Injury Association (ASIA)impairment scale,8 cases were grade A,12 were grade B,5 were grade C,3 were grade D,and 2 were grade E.Results Reduction and fixation of the injured segments were performed via a posterior approach in all 30 patients.One hundred and forty pedicle screws were inserted successfully in all patients on the postoperative radiographic and CT scans.All the patients were followed up for 3-23 months,with the average of 11 months.According to the ASIA impairment scale,eight cases with grade A were still grade A,but the feeling and movement improved obviously.Ten grade B improved to grade C and the rest cases were complete recovery after operations.During the course of the follow up,solid bone union was achieved in all patients,and there were no hardware failures.All the patients' postoperative MRI showed disappearance of the spinal cord compression after reduction in all cases.Conclusion For the patients of lower cervical fractures and dislocation,the first choice of operation should be the posterior approach reduction and fixation with cervical pedicle screw.The correct lengthwise traction method could unblock the locked facet effectively,and prevent the retrusion of disc and the further injury of spinal cord.For the patients of disc disruption,the posterior approach could be used only.The cervical pedicle screw system could provide three-dimensional reduction of the injured cervical segments and the adequate mechanical strength.The posterior approach combined with pedicle screw fixation is feasible and effective for the treatment of lower cervical fractures and dislocation.

Objective To analyze setup errors for irradiation of pelvic carcinoma by online conebeam CT (CBCT) scanning and to calculate the external margins from clinical target volume (CTV) to planning target volume (PTV) in treatment planning. Methods Twelve patients with rectal or prostate cancer were enrolled in this study. Translational errors (x,y,z) and rotational errors (u,v,w) were obtained by using CBCT in radiotherapy. Results The set-up errors were gathered from 229 sets of CBCT in 12patients. The systemic ± random errors on x,y,z, u,v and w axes were (0.49 ± 1.18) mm, (-0. 11 ±3.45) mm, (-2. 00 ± 1.59) mm, 1.14°±0. 67°, 0. 42°±O. 94°and -0. 32°±±0. 68°, respectively. Setup errors in the left-right, anterior-posterior, and superior-inferior directions were 4. 6 mm, 12. 5 mm, and 6. 2 mm, respectively. Conclusions Set-up errors were unavoidable in pelvic carcinoma irradiation. To minimize the influence of set-up errors, we suggest a PTV margin of 5 mm, 15 mm and 10 mm in the leftright, anterior-posterior and superior-inferior directions, respectively.