Objective To investigate the influence of preemptive analgesia with Hydr- omorphone Hy-drochloride on postoperative cognitive function and inflammation cytokines in the elderly patients. Methods Ninety ASA I orⅡ elder patients were randomly divided in control group (C)and Hydromorphone Hydrochloride group(H) with 45 cases each. Hydromorphone Hydrochloride 2 mg was injected iv before induction of anesthesia in group H. Observed plasma concentrations of the CRP、 TNF-α and IL-6 at different time. Cognitive function was assessed by minimental state examination. Results Plasma the CRP、 TNF-a and IL-6 concentrations were lower and MMSE scales were higher in group H than in group C. Conclusion Preemptive analgesia with Hy-dromorphone Hydrochloride 2 mg can reduce the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the elderly patients.

Background and purpose:miR-22 has been reported to be down-regulated in gastric cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and breast cancer. However, its expression in glioma was still poorly known. This study aimed to explicit whether miR-22 suppresses cell proliferation by targeting MTDH, thus to reveal molecular mechanism that miR-22 functions as a tumor suppressor in glioma. Methods:Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted for detecting the expression of miR-22 in gliomas and normal brain tissues. MTDH 3’UTR-luciferase vector was constructed and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was employed to examine the effect of miR-22 on luciferase activity. U251 cells were transfected with miR-22 mimics, and MTDH siRNA as for postive control, then Western blot was performed to detect the expressions of MTDH protein. The proliferation ability of U251 cells was evaluated by MTT assay. Results:miR-22 was down-regulated in glioma tissues. Glioma patients with relatively high expression of miR-22 showed lower mortality compared with low expression of miR-22 by using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. We demonstrated miR-22 could bind to the 3’ untranslated region (UTR) of MTDH and inhibited the luciferase activity. Western blot showed that the expression of MTDH protein was inhibited by restored miR-22 or siR MTDH in U251 cells. Overexpression of miR-22 or siR MTDH inhibited the proliferation of U251 cells. Conclusion:miR-22 suppresses cell proliferation by targeting MTDH in glioma.

Objective To study the relationship between fatty liver and blood lipids in children with simple obesity and the precaution of this disease.Methods Forty-eight cases from 2 to 16 years old with simple obesity were divided into 2 groups.The first group included 19 cases with fatty liver(38.78%);the second group included 29 cases without fatty liver(61.22%). Blood lipids in 2 groups were analyzed with biochemical method.Blood total cholesterol(TC),triglyeride(TG),high density lipoprotein(HDL) and low density lipoprotein(LDL) were detected and the liver was examined with ultrasound.Results Blood TC,TG,HDL and LDL in cases with fatty liver were higher than those wit-hout fatty liver.Blood TG had the closest relation with fatty liver(P_a

To compare the neuroprotective and anti-dementia pharmacological effects of chiral oxiracetam, glutamate and calcium ions were used to establish neuronal injury models in vitro, and the protective effects of chiral oxiracetam on primary neurons were assayed by MTT. Permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2-VO)-induced rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group, galantamine 3 mg‧kg^-1 group, oxiracetam groups (30, 100 and 200 mg‧kg^-1), S-oxiracetam groups (30, 100 and 200 mg‧kg^-1) and R-oxiracetam 200 mg‧kg^-1 group. The animal experiments in the present study were performed in accordance with the Ethical Guidelines of the Laboratory Animal Welfare Ethical Committee of Peking Union Medical College. Morris water maze and step-down test were applied to evaluate the cognitive dysfunction induced by cerebral hypoperfusion in rats. Oxiracetam, S-oxiracetam and R-oxiracetam exerted protective effects on primary neuronal damage caused by various stimuli, and oxiracetam and S-oxiracetam showed better neuro-protective effects. Morris water maze and step-down results showed that oxiracetam, S-oxiracetam and R-oxiracetam improved the cognition of 2-VO rats. In summary, S-oxiracetam exerted a better neuro-protective effect than oxiracetam and R-oxiracetam.

To study the cognitive effects of diterpene ginkgolides (DG), transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO)-induced rats were established. tMCAO-rats induced by suture method were divided into sham operation group, solvent control group, NBP group, DG group. The animal experiments in the present study were performed in accordance with the Ethical Guidelines of the Laboratory Animal Welfare Ethical Committee of Peking Union Medical College (00000646, 00000635). The effects of DG on tMCAO rats were evaluated by neurological severity score, cerebral infarction volume measurement, step-down and Morris water maze test. In the acute tMCAO rat model, 100 mg·kg^-1 DG improved the neural score and infarction volume. In the chronic tMCAO rat model, DG 100 mg·kg^-1 significantly improved the survival rate of tMCAO-induced rats. The Morris water maze results showed 100 mg·kg^-1 DG decreased the latency of tMCAO-induced rats to find the platform, while the effect was weaker than the NBP. However, DG 30 mg·kg^-1 did not show a significant effect. In conclusion, DG exerted a therapeutic effect on transient middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Objective To access the long-term efficacy and safety of immunosuppression on the progression of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) by Meta analysis.Methods Databases EMBASE,Pubmed,Elsevier Science Direct,Scopus,Web of Science,Google Scholar,Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,WanFang and VIP Data were retrieved to collect the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) at least 3 years follow-up on immunosuppression for IgAN published before May 2014.The literatures were screened independently by two reviewers according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,and the methodological quality was assessed.Statistic software Stata 12.0 was used to conduct analysis.Results Nine articles were included in this study with a total of 568 patients.Immurnosuppression could lowered the risk for the progression to ESRD (RR=0.32,95％CI:0.20-0.49,P ＜ 0.01).As far as the efficacy of immunosuppression,subgroup analysis indicated that three studies with more than 7 year follow-up (RR=0.28,95％CI:0.13-0.59,P ＜ 0.01) were similar with 7 studies followed by for less than 7 years (RR=0.34,95％ CI:0.19-0.59,P＜0.01); six adopted immunosuppressor monotherapy (RR=0.29,95％ CI:0.15-0.58,P＜ 0.01) were similar to two used corticosteroids plus other immunosuppression (RR=0.33,95％CI:0.18-0.59,P ＜ 0.01); There were no significant differences between four studies from Europe (RR=0.27,95％CI:0.14-0.53,P ＜ 0.01) and five from Asia (RR=0.35,95％ CI:0.19-0.65,P＜0.01).Immunosuppression was associated with an increased risk for adverse events (RR=2.33,95％ CI:1.33-4.09,P＜0.01).Conclusion Immunosuppression for IgAN may reduce long-term risk of progression to ESRD,but increase the risk of adverse events to some extent.

Purpose The one-step examination of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) combined with coronary artery calcium score (CACS) can obtain both coronary functional information and anatomical information simultaneously, this paper aims to evaluate the value of the one-step examination of MPI combined with CACS for detecting coronary artery disease (CAD). Materials and Methods 188 cases who underwent one-step examination of MPI combined with CACS and invasive coronary angiography (ICA) because of chest tightness, chest pain with suspected coronary artery disease were analyzed retrospectively, with the results of ICA used asgold standard, the diagnostic efficacy of MPI, CACS and one-step examination with combination of the two techniques for CAD was investigated. Results ①Pre-test probability of CAD was intermediate in 79.8%(150/188), and high in 20.2%(38/188) cases. Seventy-three cases were confirmed as CAD and 115 of 188 patients were negative according to ICA.②The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for the diagnosis of CAD by MPI were 65.8%, 75.7%, 71.8%, 63.1%and 77.7%, respectively. ③ The CACS of CAD group was significantly higher than the non-CAD group (494.96±99.60 vs. 38.15±16.03, P<0.05). According to the features of the ROC curve, the best threshold for the diagnosis of CAD with CACS was 96.45, with CACS≥96.45 as the positive standard in diagnosis of CAD, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV for the diagnosis of CAD by CACS were 60.3%, 93.9%, 80.8%, 86.3%and 78.8%, respectively. ④ The sensitivity of MPI combined with CACS were significantly higher than MPI (80.8% vs. 65.8%, P<0.05), while the specificity (71.3% vs.75.7%, P>0.05) and accuracy (75.0% vs. 71.8%, P>0.05) showed no statistically significant difference; the sensitivity of MPI combined with CACS were significantly higher than CACS (80.8%vs. 60.3%, P<0.05), while the specificity was lower than CACS (71.3%vs. 93.9%, P<0.05) and the accuracy showed no statistically significant difference (75.0%vs. 80.8%, P>0.05). Conclusion The one-step examination of MPI combined with CACS can reduce coronary heart disease misdiagnosis, improve the diagnostic sensitivity of CAD compared with the MPI or CACS, with high application value for the diagnosis of CAD, especially in moderate risk groups.

Objective To evaluate the additional value of CACS in detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) with MPI.Methods A total of 188 suspected CAD patients (128 males,60 females;average age (61.93±9.16) years) who underwent one-step examination of MPI combined with CACS from December 2012 to August 2014 were enrolled in this retrospective study.According to the gold standard of CAG,the diagnostic efficacy of MPI was calculated.ROC analysis was performed to determine the optimal CACS threshold for the detection of CAD.Mann-Whitney u test and x2 test were used for statistical analysis.Results (1) Seventy-three CAD cases were confirmed (≥ 50％ stenosis) among 188 patients.The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy for CAD diagnosis with MPI were 65.8％ (48/73),75.7％ (87/115),71.8％ (135/188),respectively.Twenty-five CAD patients had negative findings with MPI,including 2 with LM disease,4 with three-vessel disease (LAD±LCX±RCA,3-VD),3 with 2-VD,16 cases with 1-VD.Among them 13 cases (52.0％,13/25) had intermediate lesions of 1-VD (50％ ≤ stenosis＜70％).(2) The CACS of CAD group was significantly higher than that of non-CAD group (172.40(19.25,516.45) vs 0;z=-8.465,P＜0.001).According to the ROC analysis,95.1 was the optimal CACS cutoff to detect CAD patients.Combining MPI with CACS (at cutoff of 95.1) improved the sensitivity of MPI (80.8％,59/73;x2 =4.233,P＜0.05) for the detection of CAD,with no significant decrease in specificity and accuracy (71.3％,82/115;75.0％,141/188;x2 values:0.558 and 0.490,both P＞0.05).(3) Of the 25 CAD patients with negative MPI results,11(44.0％,11/25) showed abnormal CACS(CACS≥95.1),consisted of 2 cases of LM disease,4 cases of 3-VD,2 cases of 2-VD,3 cases of 1-VD.Diagnosis was corrected by CACS in 8/9 cases of severe CAD (LM CAD or multivessel disease) which were missed by MPI.Conclusion CACS could offer additional information for MPI in detection of suspected CAD patients,which can improve the sensitivity of MPI for diagnosing CAD,especially for severe CAD with LM lesions or multivessel CAD.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a classic protein tyrosine kinase receptor, which plays an important role in cell proliferation, survival, adhesion, differentiation and apoptosis. Abnormality of EGFR and its signaling are closely associated with tumor initiation and development. Many environmental physical and chemical agents can interfere with EGFR and its signal transduction pathways via affecting its phosphorylation, conformation and function, or distribution on cell membrane, finally influencing gene expression and cell fate. This review focuses on the recent progress of above aspects for further understanding of epigenetic mechanisms of cellular stress and carcinogenesis related with environmental agents.
Carcinogens ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Environmental Pollutants ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Phosphorylation ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects

Objective To investigate the clinical features and the effect of gender differences on phenotype of Giteiman syndrome (GS) patients. Methods Clinical features and biochemical parameters were compared and analyzed to look for correlation between male and female GS patients. Results More male patients suffered from nocturia than female patients (P < 0.05), and there were no statistical differences in other clinical features between males and females. The level of serum creatinine was higher in male patients than that in female ones [(82.7±43.3) μmol/L vs (58.7±12.7) μmol/L], but estimated glomerular filtration rate was male patients and female patients. The urinary potassium and chloride excretion fraction were higher in male group than those in female group (33.0%±22.9% vs 17.0%±4.7%;2.30%±1.59% vs 1.23%±0.39%, P< 0.05, respectively). Statistical differences were not observed in other laberatory parameters. Three patients with impaired renal function were all male. Conclusions More male patients suffer from nocturia than female patients. Male patients seem to be prone to impaired renal function. It is speculated that different density of sodium-chloride cotransporter in renal tubule may account for gender differences.