Objective To study the influenc e of several experimental factors on morphine dependence in rats. Methods The 130 SD health rats were randomly assigned to control groups and dependence groups. The withdrawal syndromes between control groups and dependen ce groups in different dosage, different time, constant dose administration and increased dose administration were evaluated. Results The differences between control groups and dependen ce groups were significant (P

Objective To clone and sequence human OPRMI-EXON1, mark it by way of nonisotope-biotin-label, and prepare its probe to study the expression and function of human OPRMI-EXON1. Methods The target gene fragment was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and connected to the pGEM-T vector plasmid, then recombined and cloned in competent cell. After that, it was identified by cutting with restriction endonucleases and gene sequence. Finally, we marked it and prepared its probe by nonisotope-biotin-label technique. Results It was demonstrated that the target gene length (2.2kb) amplified by polymerase chain reaction had the same size with the reckoned size in theory and had the same sequence with that of NCBI database. The probe which was used to study the opioid receptor gene was successfully prepared. Conclusion The human OPRMI-EXON1 can be successfully cloned and the probe successfully prepared from the genome, which creates a favorable basis for further research of the morphine-related genes and the expression of their dependence.

Informed consent right is not just for basic ethical consideration, but is important for protect-ing patient’s right by law, which is expressed through informed consent contract. The appraised individ-uals of forensic clinical examination have the similar legal status as the patients in medical system. However, the law does not require informed consent right for the appraised individuals. I recommend giving certain informed consent right to the appraised individuals in the forensic clinical examination. Under the contracted relationship with the institution, the appraised individuals could participate in the examination process, know the necessary information, and make a selected consent on the examination results, which can assure the justice and fairness of judicial examination procedure.

To establish a practical compensation model for medical accident,the total sum allowed must firstly be prescribed.The sum may be calculted similar to but smaller than that paid for traffic ac- cident.Not all victims of medical accident are entitled to receive the prescribed sum.The sum actually of- fered is determined by three factors.①the weight of the causes (the intensity of the fault);②the de- gree of working capacity loss brought about by the aftereffect of an accident;③the factor of age.As the grades of these three factors are respectively assessed,the compensation aum may be worked out.

Objective To discuss the clinical application of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiopancreatic drainage (PTCD) combined with CT-guided microwave ablation in treating hepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Methods The clinical data of 29 patients with inoperable Ⅲ and Ⅳ type hilar cholangiocarcinoma complicated by obstructive jaundice, who were admitted to authors’ hospital during the period from December 2012 to August 2014, were retrospectively analyzed. The diagnosis of bile duct adenocarcinoma was confirmed by pathology in all patients. Of the 29 patients, both internal and external biliary tract drainage was employed in 19, external biliary tract drainage in 4, and bilateral (both left and right side) bile duct drainage in 6. CT-guided microwave ablation was carried out when the liver function became improved. A total of 46 procedures of microwave ablation were completed in the 29 patients with a mean of 1.5 times per patient. Hepatic function tests, enhanced CT or MR scan were performed 4-8 weeks after treatment. According to mRECIST criteria the therapeutic results were evaluated; the serum bilirubin levels were recorded; the disease progress and the patient’s survival time were followed up. Results One month after the treatment, complete response (CR) was obtained in 15 patients (15/29, 51.7%), and partial remission (PR) in 17 patients (17/29, 58.6%), with the overall efficacy (CR﹢PR) being 82%. After the treatment, one patient developed hepatic metastasis and another one had pulmonary metastasis. Postoperative serum bilirubin levels showed an obvious decrease in all 29 patients. The 6-month, one-year and two-year survival rates were 68.9% (20/29), 31.0% (9/29) and 6.8% (2/29) respectively; the median survival time was 8.9 months and the overall survival time was 11.7 months. Conclusion For the treatment of hepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma, PTCD combined with CT-guided microwave ablation is minimally invasive, clinically safe and effective.

Objective To discuss the clinical application of preoperative tumor-feeding artery emboli -zation in treating hypervascular giant meningiomas.Methods A total of 71 patients with giant meningioma (maximum diameter ＞5 cm),who were admitted to authors' hospital during the period from April 2013 to August 2014,were selected for this study.Preoperative MRI demonstrated that the lesions showed obvious enhancement with rich blood supply.The patients were divided into the study group (using preoperative embolization,n =38) and the control group (not using preoperative embolization,n =33).Based on preoperative DSA findings,the lesions were classified into type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ.Tumor-feeding artery embolization with PAV particles (200-300 μm) was employed in the patients of the study group,while only cerebral angiography was adopted in the patients of the control group.The amount of intraoperative blood loss,tumor resection time and embolization complications in both groups were recorded.Postoperative MRI scan was performed to observe the degree of tumor resection.Results The amount of intraoperative blood loss and the tumor resection time in the study group were (562±178) ml and (5.45±2.13) h respectively,which in the control group were (833±234) ml and (7.23±2.45) h respectively;the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (both P＜0.05).The tumor resection degree of Simpson classification Ⅲ and ＜ Ⅲ was obtained in 27 patients of the study group (27/38,71.0％) and in 19 patients of the control group (19/33,57.6％),the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P＜0.05).After embolization,cerebral edema became aggravated in 7 patients,ischemic necrosis of the scalp was observed in 2 patients,and one patient developed epileptic seizure during the operation.After symptomatic treatment,all the above complications were relieved.Conclusion For the treatment of hypervascular giant meningiomas,preoperative tumor-feeding artery embolization can strikingly reduce the amount of intraoperative blood loss,shorten the operation time,and improve the tumor resection degree,therefore,this therapy is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Background and purpose:Since the number and tumor size of localized liver metastases can be controlled, local minimally invasive treatment can improve the survival of patients. Hence, microwave ablation has become an important treatment method for liver metastases. This study was to investigate the value of percutaneous microwave ablation in the treatment of tumor metastases. Methods: From Sep. 2011 to Oct. 2014, 26 advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with post-chemotherapy consolidation, liver metastases were collected. All the patients with the number of tumor lesions less than 3, diameter less than 5 cm, no other distant metastases was excluded. The ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation was used for 26 patients. Finally, 43 ablations were completed followed by liver function test, enhanced CT and MRI diagnosis 1 month later. mRECIST criteria was used to evaluate the effcacy of cancer treatment. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated. Results:Twenty-six cases of a total of 53 lesions, including complete ablation (CA) 20 patients (20/26, 77.0%), partial ablation (PA) 3 patients (3/26,11.5%). The overall effciency was 88.5%(CA+PA) with no serious complications. 6 months, 1-, 2-year survival rates of 26 patients were 96.1%, 65.3%and 23.0%. PFS was 11.4 months. The median survival time (MST) was 11.9 months, while OS was 23.7 months. Conclusion:Percutaneous microwave ablation for limited liver metastases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a minimally invasive, safe and effective treatment method.

Purpose: Numerous studies have shown that the frequency of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) is associated with tumor progression, metastasis, and recurrence. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3) may be secreted by tumor cells and attract MDSCs into the tumor microenvironment. In the present study, we aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms whereby CCL3 is involved in the interaction of breast cancer cells and MDSCs. Methods: The expression of CCL3 and its receptors was investigated using real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The cell counting Kit-8, wound healing, and transwell assays were performed to study cell growth, migration, and invasion. Cell cycling, apoptosis, and the frequency of MDSCs were investigated through flow cytometry. Transwell assays were used for co-culture and chemotaxis detection. Markers of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were determined with western blotting. The role of CCL3 in vivo was studied via tumor xenograft experiments. Results: CCL3 promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and cycling, and inhibited apoptosis of breast cancer cells in vitro. Blocking CCL3 in vivo inhibited tumor growth and metastases. The frequency of MDSCs in patients with breast cancer was higher than that in healthy donors. Additionally, MDSCs might be recruited by CCL3. Co-culture with MDSCs activated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B-mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K-Akt-mTOR) pathway and promoted the EMT in breast cancer cells, and their proliferation, migration, and invasion significantly increased. These changes were not observed when breast cancer cells with CCL3 knockdown were co-cultured with MDSCs. Conclusion CCL3 promoted the growth of breast cancer cells, and MDSCs recruited by CCL3 interacted with these cells and then activated the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway, which led to EMT and promoted the migration and invasion of the cells.

【Objective】 To explore the regulation of DIRAS2 gene expression by acetylated STAT3 and its involvement in the proliferation of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. 【Methods】 The expression levels of DIRAS2 and acetylated STAT3 in TNBC tissues and cells were analyzed by database query, Western blotting, and qRT-PCR. TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-231 and SUM159 were selected, and lentivirus or plasmid was used to construct DIRAS2 overexpression and STAT3 wild or Lys685 mutation cell lines. The CCK-8 assay was used to evaluate the effect of DIRAS2 and STAT3 acetylation on the proliferation of TNBC cells. Western blotting, pyrosequencing, ChIP and IP were employed to investigate the regulatory effect and mechanism of acetylated STAT3 on DIRAS2 expression. 【Results】 The expression of DIRAS2 was decreased in TNBC tissues and cells. Pyrosequencing analysis found that the methylation level of CpG islands in the DIRAS2 promoter was increased in TNBC cells compared with normal breast epithelial cells, which promoted the growth of cancer cells. Furthermore, TNBC cells showed an increase in STAT3 acetylation, which was accompanied by a shift in the methylation status of the DIRAS2 promoter. ChIP and IP experiments showed that acetylated STAT3 could bind to the DIRAS2 promoter, and the STAT3 Lys685 mutation disrupted the interaction between STAT3 and DNMT1. 【Conclusion】 Acetylated STAT3 induces DIRAS2 promoter methylation by recruiting DNMT1, leading to loss of DIRAS2 expression and cancer cell proliferation in TNBC.