Objective To examine the kinetics of plasma S100A12 and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) in infants and young children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB),and to investigate whether they could protective the occurrence of noninfectious pulmonary complication (NPC) after cardiac surgery.Methods This was a case-control study.The subjects included all children aged ＜3 years old who underwent cardiac surgery with CPB during the period from June 1st to July 31st 2011.The patient who showed pulmonary inflammation or had abnormal liver or renal function before surgery was excluded.The remain patients were divided into 2 groups according to whether they had developed NPC postoperatively.Twenty patients were grouped into NPC because they developed the complications of pleural effusion,chylothorax,partial lung collapse,pulmonary hypertensive crisis,airway disorders,pneumothorax,pneumomediastinum,or phrenic nerve palsy.Forty patients were categorized into the no-NPC group.Plasma concentrations of S100A12 and sRAGE were measured using ELISA at baseline,before CPB,immediately after CPB,1 h,12 h and 24 h after operation.Differences concentrations between two groups were analyzed with t test.A stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to indentify the independent risk factor for NPC.A P value ＜0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results Plasma levels of S100A12 and sRAGE dramatically increased immediately after CPB ( P ＜ 0.01 ).The levels of sRAGE dropped to lower than baseline level (P ＜0.05),while S100A12 was still at high level 24h after operation (P ＜0.01 ).Levels of S100A12 and sRAGE immediately after CPB in NPC group were significantly higher than the no-NPC group (P ＜ 0.05).Twenty-four hours after operation,levels of S100A12 were still higher in NPC group than no-NPC (P ＜ 0.01 ),while levels of sRAGE were similar in the two groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).In the stepwise logistic regression analysis,plasma S100A12 level immediately after CPB remained as a independently predictor for postoperative NPC (OR =1.042,95％ CI:1.010 ～ 1.076,P =0.011 ).Levels of S100A12 immediately after CPB were positively associated with mechanical ventilation time ( r =0.47,P ＜ 0.01 ),duration of surgical Intensive Care Unit ( r =0.407,P =0.002) and hospital stay ( r =0.421,P =0.01 ).Conclusions Plasma levels of S100A12 and sRAGE were significantly increased immediately after CPB and the elevated plasma S100A12 immediately after CPB served as an early reliable biomarker of the occurrence and the prognosis of NPC after CPB in infants and young children.

Objective:To investigate the effect and influencing factors of non-invasive correction of infants with congenital auricular deformity.Methods:The data of infants with congenital auricular deformity were retrospectively analyzed, who were treated with domestic external ear orthosis in the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of Tianjin Hospital from January 1, 2019 to June 30, 2023. Before treatment, the skin was prepared routinely. First, the orthosis base was installed and pressed to fit the skin around the ear. Then, according to the type of auricle deformity, the ear hook and ear cover were installed, and the adhesive tape was fixed. During the corrective treatment, the orthosis was worn all day, and the treatment was ended if there was no obvious rebound after 1 month of observation. The complications were closely observed during treatment. After the treatment, the treatment effect was evaluated and divided into markedly effective, effective and ineffective. The markedly effective rate (markedly effective ears/total ears × 100%) and effective rate [(markedly effective ears + effective ears)/ total ears × 100%] were calculated. At the same time, the cure time of the markedly effective children was recorded, and they were grouped according to different types of auricle deformities and the initial age of correction (<2, 2-6, >6 weeks groups), and the related indicators were compared. SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The measurement data were expressed by Mean±SD. The comparison between multiple groups was analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The pairwise comparison between groups was performed by LSD method. The counting data was expressed by frequency (% or ratio). The comparison between multiple groups was performed by χ 2 test, and the pairwise comparison between groups was performed by Fisher test with adjusted α value. Results:A total of 31 cases (55 ears) were included, including 13 males (23 ears) and 18 females (32 ears), aged 4 to 127 d. There were 13 lop ears, 6 constricted ears, 6 cup ears, 4 Stahl’s ears, 5 prominent ears, 18 helical rim deformity ears, 2 conchal crus ears and 1 Ⅱ degree microtia ear. During the treatment, 5 ears had skin lesions, 5 ears had mild allergic reactions, and 2 ears had severe allergic reactions, who improved significantly and continued treatment after removal of the external orthosis and use of erythromycin ointment. After noninvasive correction treatment, the auricle deformity of the children was improved to different extent. The overall markedly effective rate was 70.91% (39/55), and the overall effective rate was 90.91% (50/55). The markedly effective rate of lop ear, constricted ear, cup ear, Stahl’s ear, prominent ear, helical rim deformity ear, conchal ear and Ⅱ degree microtia ear were 13/13, 4/6, 4/6, 4/4, 4/5, 8/18, 2/2, 0/1 respectively. The average cure time of 39 markedly effective ears was (36.08±14.77) d. The cure time of different auricle deformity types was statistically significant ( P<0.01). Pairwise comparison between the groups showed that the cure time of lop ears was shorter than constricted ears, cup ears, Stahl’s ear, prominent ears, and that the cure time of prominent ears was longer than lop ears, constricted ears, cup ears, Stahl’s ears, helical rim deformity ears, conchal crus ears (all P<0.05). According to different initial ages of correction, the children were divided into <2-week-old group (12 cases, 21 ears), 2-6-week-old group (10 cases, 18 ears), and >6-week-old group (9 cases, 15 ears), excluding 1 Ⅱ degree microtia ear. The markedly effective rates were (90.5%) 19/21, 13/18, and 7/15, respectively, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). The comparison between groups showed that the markedly effective rate of <2-week-old group was significantly higher than that of >6-week-old group ( P<0.017), but there was no statistically significant difference in the cure time among the three groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The effect of non-invasive correction for congenital auricular deformity in infants is significant. The type of congenital auricular deformity is a key factor that affects the therapeutic effect and cure time. In lop ear, Stahl’s ear, prominent ear and conchal crus deformity, good therapeutic effects can be seen, but in constricted ear, cup ear, helical rim deformity ear and Ⅱ degree microtia, the effects are poor. The cure time of lop ear is short, while the cure time of prominent ear is long. The better effect can be acquired in the earlier non-invasive correction.

Objective To investigate the effects of single-port laparoscopic extraperitoneal liga-tion on surgical indexes,intestinal mucosal barrier function and recurrence rate in children with pedi-atric inguinal hernia.Methods A total of 86 children with pediatric inguinal hernia in the hospital from February 2019 to June 2021 were randomly divided into control group(n=43)and study group(n=43).The study group performed single-port laparoscopic extraperitoneal ligation,while the con-trol group received traditional open surgery.The ratio of urinary lactulose to mannitol(L/M)was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography;serum diamine oxidase(DAO)level was de-tected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay;serum D-lactic acid level was detected by enzymatic spectrophotometry;pain was assessed by the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS);surgical indicators,com-plications and postoperative recurrence rate were compared between the two groups.Results Com-pared with the control group,the study group had significant reduction in operation time,intraopera-tive blood loss,time to first flatus,and postoperative hospital stay(P＜0.05);in both groups,the VAS score,L/M,DAO level and serum D-lactic acid level decreased significantly after operation,and these indexes after operation in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05);the incidence of complications in the study group was 4.65％(2/43),which was significantly lower than 20.93％(9/43)in the control group(P=0.024).Conclusion Single-port laparoscopic extraperitoneal ligation is benefit for the treatment of children with pediatric inguinal hernia,which has advantages of fewer bleeding,less pain,fewer complications,faster recovery of intestinal mucosal barrier function,and lower recurrence rate.

Objective:To investigate the effect and influencing factors of non-invasive correction of infants with congenital auricular deformity.Methods:The data of infants with congenital auricular deformity were retrospectively analyzed, who were treated with domestic external ear orthosis in the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of Tianjin Hospital from January 1, 2019 to June 30, 2023. Before treatment, the skin was prepared routinely. First, the orthosis base was installed and pressed to fit the skin around the ear. Then, according to the type of auricle deformity, the ear hook and ear cover were installed, and the adhesive tape was fixed. During the corrective treatment, the orthosis was worn all day, and the treatment was ended if there was no obvious rebound after 1 month of observation. The complications were closely observed during treatment. After the treatment, the treatment effect was evaluated and divided into markedly effective, effective and ineffective. The markedly effective rate (markedly effective ears/total ears × 100%) and effective rate [(markedly effective ears + effective ears)/ total ears × 100%] were calculated. At the same time, the cure time of the markedly effective children was recorded, and they were grouped according to different types of auricle deformities and the initial age of correction (<2, 2-6, >6 weeks groups), and the related indicators were compared. SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The measurement data were expressed by Mean±SD. The comparison between multiple groups was analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The pairwise comparison between groups was performed by LSD method. The counting data was expressed by frequency (% or ratio). The comparison between multiple groups was performed by χ 2 test, and the pairwise comparison between groups was performed by Fisher test with adjusted α value. Results:A total of 31 cases (55 ears) were included, including 13 males (23 ears) and 18 females (32 ears), aged 4 to 127 d. There were 13 lop ears, 6 constricted ears, 6 cup ears, 4 Stahl’s ears, 5 prominent ears, 18 helical rim deformity ears, 2 conchal crus ears and 1 Ⅱ degree microtia ear. During the treatment, 5 ears had skin lesions, 5 ears had mild allergic reactions, and 2 ears had severe allergic reactions, who improved significantly and continued treatment after removal of the external orthosis and use of erythromycin ointment. After noninvasive correction treatment, the auricle deformity of the children was improved to different extent. The overall markedly effective rate was 70.91% (39/55), and the overall effective rate was 90.91% (50/55). The markedly effective rate of lop ear, constricted ear, cup ear, Stahl’s ear, prominent ear, helical rim deformity ear, conchal ear and Ⅱ degree microtia ear were 13/13, 4/6, 4/6, 4/4, 4/5, 8/18, 2/2, 0/1 respectively. The average cure time of 39 markedly effective ears was (36.08±14.77) d. The cure time of different auricle deformity types was statistically significant ( P<0.01). Pairwise comparison between the groups showed that the cure time of lop ears was shorter than constricted ears, cup ears, Stahl’s ear, prominent ears, and that the cure time of prominent ears was longer than lop ears, constricted ears, cup ears, Stahl’s ears, helical rim deformity ears, conchal crus ears (all P<0.05). According to different initial ages of correction, the children were divided into <2-week-old group (12 cases, 21 ears), 2-6-week-old group (10 cases, 18 ears), and >6-week-old group (9 cases, 15 ears), excluding 1 Ⅱ degree microtia ear. The markedly effective rates were (90.5%) 19/21, 13/18, and 7/15, respectively, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). The comparison between groups showed that the markedly effective rate of <2-week-old group was significantly higher than that of >6-week-old group ( P<0.017), but there was no statistically significant difference in the cure time among the three groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The effect of non-invasive correction for congenital auricular deformity in infants is significant. The type of congenital auricular deformity is a key factor that affects the therapeutic effect and cure time. In lop ear, Stahl’s ear, prominent ear and conchal crus deformity, good therapeutic effects can be seen, but in constricted ear, cup ear, helical rim deformity ear and Ⅱ degree microtia, the effects are poor. The cure time of lop ear is short, while the cure time of prominent ear is long. The better effect can be acquired in the earlier non-invasive correction.

Objective To investigate the effects of single-port laparoscopic extraperitoneal liga-tion on surgical indexes,intestinal mucosal barrier function and recurrence rate in children with pedi-atric inguinal hernia.Methods A total of 86 children with pediatric inguinal hernia in the hospital from February 2019 to June 2021 were randomly divided into control group(n=43)and study group(n=43).The study group performed single-port laparoscopic extraperitoneal ligation,while the con-trol group received traditional open surgery.The ratio of urinary lactulose to mannitol(L/M)was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography;serum diamine oxidase(DAO)level was de-tected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay;serum D-lactic acid level was detected by enzymatic spectrophotometry;pain was assessed by the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS);surgical indicators,com-plications and postoperative recurrence rate were compared between the two groups.Results Com-pared with the control group,the study group had significant reduction in operation time,intraopera-tive blood loss,time to first flatus,and postoperative hospital stay(P＜0.05);in both groups,the VAS score,L/M,DAO level and serum D-lactic acid level decreased significantly after operation,and these indexes after operation in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05);the incidence of complications in the study group was 4.65％(2/43),which was significantly lower than 20.93％(9/43)in the control group(P=0.024).Conclusion Single-port laparoscopic extraperitoneal ligation is benefit for the treatment of children with pediatric inguinal hernia,which has advantages of fewer bleeding,less pain,fewer complications,faster recovery of intestinal mucosal barrier function,and lower recurrence rate.

Microplastics refer to plastic fibers, particles, or films with a particle size less than 5 mm, and microplastics pollution has become one of the major global environmental problems. Microplastics can be exposed to the human body through ingestion, inhalation and skin contact, affecting maternal and fetal health through mechanisms such as cytotoxicity and signal transduction, energy homeostasis and metabolic disorders, immune dysfunction, and as carriers of microorganisms or toxic chemicals. The purpose of this paper is to review the physical and chemical properties of microplastics, human exposure pathways, maternal-fetal effects, and its mechanisms.

The theory of yin and yang is the modest differentiation thought of the traditional Chinese medicine under the guidance of overall dialectics,and the dynamic changes of yin and yang profit and loss can reflect the life activities of the human body.In the early literature research and clinical practice,the author's team found that the"yang deficiency and yin stagnation"is the key pathogen of colorectal cancer,the yang qi is insufficient,and the metabolites of the yin such as phlegm,wetness and stasis are lost in gasification and accumulate to form a"yin tumor",which is stagnant in the intestine and forms colorectal cancer.Yang Qi is the process of normal cell metabolism to produce energy,Yang Qi is insufficient,the"yin knot"of the thing in the body polymerizes into tumors,The imbalance of yin and yang can cause changes in energy or substance metabolism in the body,and glutamine is one of the amino acid which is the largest consumption of tumor cells,and its metabolic process not only provides a material basis for tumor cell growth,but also creates an acidic microenvironment of hypoxia to promote the proliferation and growth of tumor cells.This paper discusses the characteristics of glutamine metabolism of colorectal cancer cells in detail,aiming to explain the occurrence of colorectal cancer from the pathogenesis of"yang deficiency yin knot",and to explain the scientific theory of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of coloral cancer with the principle of Wenyang Tongxia,aiming to provide new ideas and methods for the comprehensive treatment of CRC.

Placental diseases may affect the outcome of pregnancy and long-term health of the mother and fetus. Fetal fraction is a key indicator for the success of non-invasive prenatal testing, and has been associated with gestational age, body mass index and fetal chromosomal aneuploidies. Many studies have found that fetal fraction is also related to placenta-derived diseases and may become a new predictor for such diseases. This article has summarized the association between the two, with an aim to provide new ideas for the prediction of placental diseases.

Objective To investigate the acute toxicity,irritation,and other effects of Shexiang Anhe hemorrhoid ointment on hemorrhoid-phased model rats by examining the TLR4/p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.Methods Sixteen New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into an intact skin Shexiang Anhe hemorrhoid ointment group,intact skin control group,broken skin Shexiang Anhe hemorrhoid ointment group,and broken skin control group,with four rabbits in each group.In the experimental group,20 g of Shexiang Anhe hemorrhoid ointment(1 g/mL)was evenly applied to an area on the rabbits depleted of hair,and an equal volume of solvent(mixture of glycerol,lanolin,and water)was evenly applied to the area on the backs of the rabbits in the control group once a day for 14 days.Another 40 rats were taken and randomly divided into a normal group,model group,Maillard group,and hemorrhoid cream group,with 10 animals in each group.The cream was applied once a day for 14 days.The acute toxicity of the cream in the intact and broken skin of rabbits was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and other method after treatment.In situ photographs were taken of the perianal tissues of rats with hemorrhoids to observe the efficacy of Shexiang Anhe hemorrhoid ointment,and the length and width of the ulcers were measured with vernier calipers to calculate the area.Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of TLR4,p38 MAPK,and NF-κB mRNA in the perianal tissues of the rats.Results Compared with rabbits in the control groups with intact or broken skin,rabbits in the administered group showed no significant difference in body mass.The mean values for the irritation evaluation points for Shexiang Anhe hemorrhoid ointment on rabbits with broken skin for 1 h,24 h,48 h,and 72 h were 1.5,1,0.5,and 0.25,respectively,showing there was no obvious skin irritation.In the hemorrhoidal rats,Shexiang Anhe hemorrhoid ointment treatment significantly reduced hemorrhoid symptoms after 14 days administration;the ulcer area was significantly smaller(P＜0.05)and TLR4,p38 MAPK,and NF-κB mRNA levels were significantly lower compared with the findings in the model group(P＜0.05).Conclusions Shexiang Anhe hemorrhoid ointment is a safe topical treatment with minimal acute toxicity and irritation to the skin and achieved good efficacy in the treatment of hemorrhoidal rats.Its mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of the TLR4/p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.

The codon sequence of the S1 protein of the SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant was optimized ac-cording to the preference of CHO cells and cloned into pSN expression vector to construct the re-combinant plasmid pSN-Beta-sl.Recombinant protein was expressed in CHO cells,identified using SDS-PAGE and Western blot,and purified through affinity chromatography.BALB/c mice were immunized with purified recombinant protein Beta-S1 combined with aluminum hydroxide adju-vant.Specific IgG antibody and its subtypes in serum and the cross-neutralization antibody activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants were evaluated.The results showed that the recombinant plasmid pSN-Beta-S1 was successfully constructed,and the recombinant protein Beta-S1 was produced u-sing the CHO cell expression system.The purified recombinant protein had a single band of about 120 kDa with the purity exceeding 85％and can bind to RBD pAb and strep-tag mAb.The recom-binant S1 protein showed good immunogenicity in BALB/c mice.The titers of specific IgG antibodies against RBD protein and S1 protein reached 1∶66 260 and 1∶133 120 on average 21 d after the third immunization,the antibody subtypes were mainly inclined to IgG1.Serum neutrali-zing antibody titer was 1∶629 for wild type,1∶1 720 for Beta,1∶374 for Delta,1∶77 for Omi-cron BA1 and 1∶101 for Omicron BA2.In this study,S1 recombinant protein of SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant was successfully expressed in CHO cell expression system and produced good immunoge-nicity and cross-neutralizing activity in BALB/c mice.These results provide a reference for the fur-ther development of broad-spectrum SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.