Objective Ovariectomized rats are the most suitable model for the study of postmenopausal osteoporosis.However,the effect of ovariectomy on rat skin is little studied.The aim of this study was to observe the effect of ovariectomy on the skin aging indexes in rats.Methods 20 healthy 3-month-old female SD rats were randomly divided into sham group and ovariectomized (OVX) group.Serum estradiol was detected at 3 months after ovariectomy,the skin aging-related biochemical indexes such as catalase (CAT),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px),superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA),hydroxyproline (HYP) and lipofuscin (LF) were also detected.The structure of skin tissue was observed and detected using a pathological image analysis system.Results The serum E2 of OVX rats was significantly lower than that in the sham group,the thickness of epidermis and dermis of OVX group was significantly thinner than that of the sham group (P<0.01),the amount of collagen fibers was decreased and their arrangement was very loose.Compared with the sham group,the activity of CAT,GSH-Px and SOD in the OVX group was significantly decreased (P<0.01),and the content of MDA was significantly increased (P<0.01).The content of HYP in skin tissue was significantly decreased,and LF content was significantly increased (P< 0.01) in the OVX group.Conclusions Skin aging can be induced at 3 months after ovariectomy in 3-month old rats,which may be a good model for the study of skin aging in postmenopausal women.

Objective Through observing the effect of low-dose T-2 toxin on chondrocyte,to study the molecular mechanism of cartilage damage.Methods The primary chondrocytes were isolated from articular cartilage of d 1-2 Wistar neonate rats through enzymatic digestion.Different doses (0.005,0.010,0.100 μg/L) of T-2 toxin were added after 24 h in vitro culture.The survival rate of chondrocytes was detected with Trypan blue staining.Echylosis (matrix metalloproteinase,MMP1) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.The damage of articular chondrocyte was observed by transmission electron microscope.Results ①Cell morphology of in vitro cultured chondrocyte:the newly isolated chondrocytes were spherical.After 24 hours,the adherent cells gradually began to stretch the triangle or polygon;the nucleus was large and round;the cell was clear and transparent,containing secretory granules.②Cell proliferation:T-2 toxin had a significant inhibitory effect on chondrocyte proliferation,the higher the concentration of T-2 toxin,the significant the inhibitory effects [0.000 μg/L (control) group:3.45 × 108/L,0.005 μg/L T-2 toxin group:3.45 × 108/L,0.010 μg/L T-2 toxin group:2.06 × 108/L,x2 =9.554,P ＜ 0.05].③Immunohistochemical observation:dysplasia,nucleus condensation and membrane rupture were observed in T-2 toxin treated group,brown staining was observed in all groups at varying degrees.The deepest staining was in 0.005 μg/L T-2 toxin group,with the strongest secretion of MMP1;with increasing doses of the toxin,the damage to cartilage cells was severe,MMP1 secretion was less,staining was weak,and the weakest staining was in the 0.100 μg/L T-toxin group.④Under transmission electron microscopy:in control group,cytoplasm was rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum,nuclear membrane and cell membrane were clear;in 0.005 μg/L T-2 toxin group,the cell nucleus showed pyknosis,organelles were decreased in cytoplasm;in 0.100 μg/L T-2 toxin group,the microvilli was dropped out of cartilage surface,nuclear changes were obvious,and mitochondria was myeloid degeneration;rough endoplasmic reticulum was degranulation and expansion into cystiform,chondrocytes were apoptosis occasionally,the cell nucleus showed pyknosis,and the formation of high-density plaque.Conclusion Low dose of T-2 toxin could damage the primary cultured articular chondrocyte in vitro.The results have showed that there are damaged cytostasis,chondrocyte degeneration,necrosis and apoptosis.

Objective To study the clinical significance of cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) capacity in cerebral vessels stenosis (CVS) patients with transcranial Doppler (TCD) and end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PETCO2).Methods Fifty-two CVS patients were divided into two groups:one blood vessel stenosis group (22 cases) and multi blood vessels stenosis group (30 cases).Forty-five normal persons were selected as control group.All the groups were routinely examined with TCD and PETCO2.Hypercapnia was induced by inhaling the carbon dioxide who breathed himself,and hypocapnia was induced by voluntary hyperventilation to investigate the CVR capacity.Results (1)The vasodilator reserve of affected side of one blood vessel stenosis group [(3.16 ± 2.73)％/mm Hg,1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa],the heavier side of multi blood vessels stenosis group [(2.41 ± 1.25)％/mm Hg],and control group [(3.75 ± 1.77)％/mm Hg] had significant difference (F =3.866,P ＜ 0.05).The vasodilator reserve of heavier side of multi blood vessels stenosis group was significantly lower than that of control group (t =-2.657,P ＜ 0.05).The overall reserve of affected side of one blood vessel stenosis group [(3.13 ± 1.38)％/mm Hg],the heavier side of multi blood vessels stenosis group [(2.01 ± 1.89)％/mm Hg],and control group [(3.51 ±0.92)％/mm Hg] had significant difference (F =5.905,P ＜ 0.05).The overall reserve of heavier side of multi blood vesse stenosis group was significantly lower than that of control group and affected side of one blood vessels stenosis group (t =-3.468,2.582,P ＜ 0.05).(2) There was no significant difference among the 3 groups in PETCO2 when eupnea,hypocapnia and hypercapnia.(3) The extent of vascular disease correlated negatively with the vasodilator reserve and overall reserve (r =-0.433 and-0.475,P＜0.05).Conclusions TCD and PETCO2 are simple,economic and effective methods for assessing CVR capacity.The CVR capacity is reduced in patients with cerebral vessels changes.

OBJECTIVEA study was conducted to investigate the effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) on the expression of regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and fractalkine in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).

METHODSHUVECs were incubated with different concentrations of Pg-LPS (200, 500, and 1000 ng x mL(-1)) for 1, 6, 12, and 24 h, respectively. Then real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent method (ELISA) were adopted to detect the protein levels and mRNA levels of RANTES and fractalkine.

RESULTSThe RANTES protein levels and mRNA levels, as well as fractalkine mRNA levels, were significantly higher in all experimental groups of 1, 6, and 12 h than in the control group (P<0.05), except the expression of RANTES mRNA in 200 ng x mL(-1) group of 12 h and RANTES protein in 200 ng x mL(-1) group of 1 h. The expression levels of RANTES mRNA and fractalkine mRNA were highest in 1000 ng x mL(-1) group of 6 h and were 4.88- and 6.20-fold higher, respectively, than those in the control group. The expression levels of RANTES protein, mRNA, and fractalkine mRNA decreased 6 h after stimulation, and were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05) in the RANTES and fractalkine in HUVEC, and such expression is important in the development of atherosclerosis 500 ng x mL(-1) group of 24 h. There was a significant difference between the expression of fractalkine mRNA in 1000 ng x mL(-1) group of 6 and 12 h than in the control group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONPg-LPS infection might up-regulate the expression of RANTES and fractalkine in HUVEC, and such expression is important in the development of atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemokine CCL5 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Chemokine CX3CL1 ; analysis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Up-Regulation

Objective:To explore influence of probucol combined atorvastatin on blood viscosity ,transcranial Doppler (TCD) indexes and carotid plaque stability in patients with large artery‐derived cerebral infarction .Methods :A total of 100 patients with large artery‐derived cerebral infarction treated in our hospital from Apr 2014 to Apr 2016 were selected .According to random number table ,patients were randomly and equally divided into atorvastatin group (received atorvastatin based on routine treatment ) and combined treatment group (received probucol based on atorv‐astatin group) ,both groups were treated for six months .Related indexes before and after treatment were compared between two groups .Results :Compared with atorvastatin group after treatment ,there were significant reductions in levels of TC ,TG and LDL‐C ,and significant rise in HDL‐C level (P<0.01 all);significant reductions in whole blood high shear viscosity [(6.23 ± 0.38) mPa/s vs .(4.20 ± 0.42) mPa/s] ,whole blood low shear viscosity [(21.17 ± 5.83) mPa/s vs .(18.10 ± 4.44) mPa/s] ,plasma viscosity [ (2.10 ± 0.45) mPa/s vs .(1.72 ± 0.34) mPa/s] and fibrinogen (Fg) level [(4.35 ± 1.36) g/L vs .(3.30 ± 1.38) g/L] ,P<0.01 all;significant rise in systolic blood flow velocity (Vs) [left :(87.43 ± 14.56) cm/s vs .(95.45 ± 18.37) cm/s]and mean blood flow velocity (Vm) [left :(60.89 ± 16.03) cm/s vs .(75.38 ± 19.36) cm/s]of left and right MCA ,significant reduction in pulsatility index(PI) [(0.85 ± 0.22) vs .(0.75 ± 0.12)] , P<0.05 or <0.01;significant reductions in unstable plaque score [(4.93 ± 0.40) scores vs .(4.12 ± 0.35) scores]and recurrence rate of cerebral infarction (16.00% vs .2.00% ) in combined treatment group ,respectiely P=0.001 ,0.014. Conclusion:Probucol combined atorvastatin can significantly reduce blood viscosity ,significantly improve hemodynamics in patients with large artery‐derived cerebral infarction .Its an‐ti‐atherosclerosis effect is obvious ,therefore it can be used to prevent or reduce recurrence of cerebral infarction .

Objective To assess the efficacy of Sevoflurane-Remifentanil anesthesia in pediatric fiberoptic bron-choscopy (FOB) compared with a Propofol-Remifentanil regimen. Methods 60 children scheduled for fiberoptic bronchoscopy were randomly divided into two groups ( = 30 in each group): In group S, patients received Sevoflu-rane inhalation and intravenous infusion with Remifentanil. In group P, patients received total intravenous anesthesia with Propofol and Remifentanil. Standard laryngeal mask airways (LMA) were inserted into all children in two groups after anesthesia and fiberoptic bronchoscopy was carried out via LPA. MAP, HR, SpO2, PETCO2 and BIS were record-ed before anesthesia (T0, baseline), before FOB (T1), 2 min after FOB (T2). Then assess the effect of general anesthe-sia. Procedure time, recovery time and incidence of adverse events were also recorded. Results HR, MAP and SpO2 at T1 and SpO2 at T2 in group P were significantly lower than those in group S. PETCO2 at T1 and MAP, HR, PETCO2 at T2 in group P were significantly higher than those in group S. Better quality of anesthesia, less respiratory depression, and less interruption needed during procedure were found in group S. Conclusion Compared with Propofol-based to-tal intravenous anesthesia, Sevoflurane inhalation via laryngeal mask combined with intravenous Remifentanil pro-vides a superior profile in pediatric fiberoptic bronchoscopy.

Objective To learn growth status of 6 to 11 years old children and to analyze the factors that affect the growth and development of primary school students in Changchun City.Methods A total of 3045 students from one publich primary school in Changchun City were enrolled in this investigation in October 2011.Their height,body weight,chest circumference and vital capacity were measured,and the related factors were analyzed.The optimal scaling regression was used for data analysis.Results About 2590 questionnaires were completed,1319 of which were from boys and 1271 from girls,resulting in an effective rate of 85.1％.Vital capacity were increased with age,height,body weight and chest circumference.In the the optimal scaling regression,height,body weight,chest circumference and vital capacity showed statistically significant difference (F values were 371.437,110.463,101.254 and 121.540,respectively; all P ＜ 0.05).Age and gender were the most important factors of the growth.The height of children was correlated with one-child family,household income,milk and meat intake (F values were 10.777,6.855,3.905 and 5.163,respectively; all P ＜ 0.05).In addition,children's body weight was correlated with family income,breakfast,sweets,fried foods,fish,meat,average daily sleeping time and average daily physical exercise time (F values were 3.040,13.198,10.799,4.036,4.298,18.103,7.827 and 13.602,respectively; all P ＜ 0.05).Chest circumference was related to breakfast,fish or meat intake,average daily sleeping time and average daily physical exercise time (F values were 10.249,4.525,20.560,7.371 and 14.124,respectively; all P ＜0.05).Meat intake and average daily sleeping time were positively correlated with children's vital capacity (F values were 12.180 and 4.833,respectively; both P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The growth and development of primary school students in Changchun city is in line with the laws of children's growth and development.Eating habits,average daily sleep time and physical exercises could be the main factors affecting children's growth.

Aim To investigate the direct effects and mechanism of carvedilol on HERG channel stably expressing in human embryonic kidney-293(HEK293) cells.Methods Whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record HERG current and kinetic curves in single cells.Western blot methods were used to investigate the expression of HERG channel in different concentration of carvedilol.Result Carvedilol decreased HERG current in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 539.6 nmol?L-1,Hillslope-0.64.The time constants of onset of inactivation and deactivation were accelerated.Other kinetcs(activation,inactivation,recovery from inactivation)had no significant changes.Based on western result,carvedilol had no effect on the generation and trafficking of HERG protein.Conclusion Carvedilol inhibits the transfected HERG channels by influencing the open state which is the probable anti-arrhythmic mechanism.There is no relationship between carvedilol and HERG channel expression.

Objective To study the anti-tumor effects of alcohol extraction of Coix stalk objects on H22 tumor-bearing mice. Methods The animal model of tumor bearing mice with H22 ascitic tumor cells was established. Eighty-four model mice were randomly and equally divided into Coix stalk extract groups 1-5 (10, 8, 6, 4 and 2 g/kg), model control group and cyclophosphamide group. Mice were treated orally with Coix stalk alcohol extraction solution (10, 8, 6, 4 and 2 g/kg), cyclophosphamide 0.02 g/kg and normal saline once a day for 8 days for Coix stalk extract group, cyclophosphamide group and model control group. The mouse activity, the size and the appearance of time of abdominal swelling, and changes of hair, feeding and drinking water quantity were observed in groups of mice. The solid tumor mass was measured in H22 tumor-bearing mice. The tumor inhibitory rate, liver index, spleen index and thymus index were calculated. Results The axillary tumor muster was found first in model control group with the fastest growth, reduced independent activity, decreased appetite and dim in hair color, followed by the Coix stalk extract group 1 and group 2. The last was Coix stalk extract group 5 and cyclophosphamide group. The solid tumor mass were (0.47±0.18), (0.37± 0.13), (0.34±0.10), (0.30±0.11) and (0.28±0.09) mg for Coix stalk alcohol extract groups 1-5, which were significantly lower than those of model control group (0.60 mg±0.21 mg, F=5.700,P<0.05). The tumor inhibition rates were 21.67%, 38.33%, 43.33%, 50.00%, 53.33%and 60.00%in Coix stalk extract groups 1-5 and cyclophosphamide group. The liver index, spleen index and thymus index were lower in cyclophosphamide group and Coix stalk alcohol extract groups than those of model control group (except for the spleen index of Coix stalk extract group 1). The liver index was lower in Coix stalk ethanol extract groups than that of cyclophosphamide group. There were no significant differences in the spleen index, thymus index between Coix stalk ethanol extract groups and cyclophosphamide group. Conclusion Coix stalk alcohol extract has inhibitory effects on the tumor and liver damage in H22 mice.

Objective To explore the association between fibrinogen gene polymorphism(rs1049636) and serum γ′ fibrinogen level and ischemic stroke (IS) .Methods 421 IS patients and 421 age‐and gender‐ matched healthy controls ,including 283 males and 138 females ,were recruited in this assay .The plasma γ′fibrinogen concentration was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosor‐bent assay (ELISA) .Fibrinogen gene polymorphism(rs1049636) were genotyped by using PCR‐LDR assay .Results γ′fibrinogen concentrations in IS patients[(159 .4 ± 97 .4)U/dL] were significantly higher than that in control group[(114 .2 ± 73 .0)U/dL] with statistically significant difference(P<0 .001) .Single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) analysis showed that rs1049636 C allele was significantly associated withγ′fibrinogen level ,but not associated with increased risk of IS(P=0 .077) .Conclusion An associ‐ation between increasedγ′fibrinogen level and IS existed in Chinese Han population .However ,no association between rs1049636 C allele and IS risk was observed in our study .