Kinesin-2 family proteins, including KIF3A, KIF3B, KIF3C and KIF17, are members of the kinesin superfamily motor proteins , which transport various proteins and vesicles in the cell and play diverse biological functions . Recently, studies on members of kinesin-2 family proteins suggest that they play fundamental roles during ciliary transport , whose defects can lead to abnormal cilia development , the major cause of human ciliopathies .In this review , we will sum-marize the functions of this motor protein family during ciliogenesis and focus mainly on their roles in the development of model organisms .

Objective To observe the effects of electroacupuncture on expression of caspase-3 in the is- chemic penumbra in the early stage of cerebral ischemia in rats. Methods 100 Wistar rats were randomly divid- ed into a sham-operated group, a model group and an electroacupuncture group. The middle cerebral artery was ex- perimentally occluded in the rats in the model and electroacupuncture groups, while a sham operation without cere- bral artery occlusion was carried out on the rats in the sham-operated group. Immunocytochemistry was employed to detect the expression of caspase-3 in the ischemic penumbra at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after cerebral ischemia. Re- suits There was almost no positive expression of caspase-3 in the sham-operated rats. Numerous caspase 3-posi- tive cells were found in the ischemic penumbra in the model and electroacupuncture groups. The peak of expression was reached 24 hours after cerebral ischemia. The number of caspase 3-positive cells was significantly greater in the model group than in the electroacupuncture group at 24 h and 48 h. Conclusion The increase of caspase 3-posi- tive cells in the ischemic penumbra is time-dependent. Electroacupuncture can significantly decrease the expression of caspase-3.

Objective:To explore the immune response in mice fed orally with the conjugated antigen of HpaA-CtxB(HCTB).Methods:A recombinant strain which could express bivalent antigen of HpaA and CtxB subunit was constructed. HpaA and CtxB gene was amplified by PCR. The DNA products of HpaA and CtxB were inserted into a prokaryotic expression vector pQE-30 respectively, and then translated into E.coli strain DH5? to express HCTB fusion protein. Its immunogenicity was analyzed by Western blot. After purification, to fed mice by oral immunization. The change of antigen-specific ASC antibody(IgG and IgA) in the mucosa of the animals were detected by ELISPOT and ELISA assay. Results:HCTB fusion gene was sequenced as 1 161 bp, the fusion protein encoded polypeptides of 387 amino acid residues.The molecular weight was 40 kD analysed by SDS-PAGE. The level of soluble expression product was about 41.67% of total cell protein. After affinity chromatography, the purity of fusion protein was above 92%.Western blot analysis confirmed that fusion protein could be specifically recognized by the serum of anti-HpaA and anti-CT. Antigen-specific ASC and antibody response in animals immunized with HCTB or HpaA was determined by ELISPOT and ELISA. The results showed that the number of sIgA and IgG-ASC increased significantly in PP and gastric mucosa, especially those of the sIgA-ASC by orally immunization with HCTB. The levels of specific antibody were also higher than those of controls. Conclusion:The results indicated that the oral immunization with HCTB induces effective mucosal immune respones and produced higher levels sIgA. The recombinant fusion protein HCTB can be used as an effective oral vaccine for prevention and treatment of infection of Hp.

Objective Sperparamagnetic material is widely used in tumor localization and treatment , but there are still few studies in bone tissue engineering .This study aims to investigate the osteogenic efficiency of superparamagnetic scaffolds poly lactic acid hydroxy acetic acid (PLGA)/iron-doped hydroxyapatite (Fe-HA) for repairing rabbit mandibular defects , as well as evaluating the biocompatibility of the material . Methods 36 New Zealand rabbits were randomly selected and randomly divided into 6 groups, control without and with static magnetic field ( SMF ) groups ( no material is implanted), PLGA scaffold without and with SMF groups (implanted PLGA), PLGA/Fe-HA scaffold without and with SMF groups ( im-planted PLGA/Fe-HA), each group has 6 rabbits.We created bilat-eral mandibular defect models , executed the rabbits at 4 weeks and 12 weeks post-surgery, marked the mandibular specimens which detected by general observation, Micro-CT and HE staining, and ana-lyzed the results of bone mineral density in defect area .The hematological detection , pathological examination of liver and kidney sam-ples were carried out at 12 weeks pot-surgery.. Results The PLGA/Fe-HA scaffold without and with SMF groups began to appear rough defect area edge , decreased defect diameter , new bone formation from 4 weeks; the defect area formed a smooth , continuous bone repair from 12 weeks.The PLGA scaffold without and with SMF groups appeared rough , irregular callus repair , visible boundary between defect edge and normal bone tissue .There are still have part of unrepaired bone defect in the center of defect area in the control without and with SMF groups.At 12 weeks , the bone mineral density of PLGA/Fe-HA scaffold with SMF group [(572.50±19.09) mgHA/cm3] , respectively, compared with the PLGA scaffold with SMF group [(467.00±6.24)mgHA/cm3], the control with SMF scaffold group [(480.00±2.08) mgHA/cm3], the PLGA/Fe-HA scaffold without SMF group [(461.00±19.79)mgHA/cm3], the PL-GA scaffold without SMF group [(446.00±11.31)mgHA/cm3] and the control without SMF group [(422.00±28.28) mgHA/cm3], all the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05).The bone mineral density of PLGA/Fe-HA scaffold with SMF group at 4 weeks [(572.50±19.09)mgHA/cm3] was significantly higher than that at 12 weeks [(276.00±28.28)mgHA/cm3] (P<0.05), the differences between 4 weeks and 12 weeks in other groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The superparama-gentic PLGA/Fe-HA scaffolds can promote the repair of bone defect , optimize the osteogenic effect of the material with SMF .Also ,the scaffold showed a good biocompatibility .

Objective To explore the effect of nurse-social worker-college student volunteer team guide on care-giving competence of the primary caregivers for the long-term bedridden elderly. Methods The research was conveniently focused on a total of 60 long-term bedridden elderly and 30 primary caregivers, pension caregiver in welfare home from March to May 2015. The nurse-social worker-college student volunteer team guide for the primary caregivers included distributing health manual, training skill, psychological support, respite care and so on. The intervention lasted for 3 months, twice a month, 150 minutes each time. This was a self comparison study. The care competence for the primary caregivers and self-care ability of daily activities for the long-term bedridden elderly were conducted before and after intervention. Results Before intervention, the total score of care-giving competence was 59.07 ± 13.42. After intervention, the total score was 66.64 ± 14.16. Before intervention, the scores of caring knowledge, operation technique, behavior and attitudes, decision-making and self-efficacy were as follows:18.48±3.46, 17.95±3.98, 12.16±3.08, 7.98±2.56. Whereas, after intervention, the scores were as follows:20.32±3.58, 20.48±2.74, 14.29±3.03, 9.65±2.07. Each dimension score after intervention was significantly higher than that before intervention (t=-2.87--2.02, P<0.01). For bathing, dressing, indoor transferring and eating in self-care ability of daily activities, the numbers of people in 60 long-term bedridden elderly were 8, 13, 21, 18 before intervention and 17, 24, 43, 29 after intervention. The self-care ability of daily activities of the primary caregivers such as bathing, dressing, indoor transferring and eating after intervention were significantly higher than that before intervention (χ2=4.093-4.857, P<0.05). Conclusions Nurse-social worker-college student volunteer team guide can enhance the care-giving competence of the primary caregivers as well as improve the self-care ability of daily activities for the long-term bedridden elderly.

Objective To investigate the role of A2B adenosine receptor(A2BAR)in 6% HES 130/0.4-induced reduction of pulmonary capillary permeability in a rat model of sepsis.Methods Fifty male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 5 groups(n = 10 each): group Ⅰ sham operation(group S);group Ⅱ sepsis(group CLP);group Ⅲ ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ low,medium,high dose HES(group H1,2,3).The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital sodium 50 mg/kg.Left carotid artery and left femoral vein were cannulated for MAP and HR monitoring and fluid and drug administration.Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).6% HES 130/0.4 7.5,15.0 and 30.0 ml/kg were infused iv over 2 h in group H1,2,3 respectively at 4 h after CLP.The animals were sacrificed at 6 h after CLP.The lungs were isolated for determination of pulmonary capillary permeability(by iv Evans blue injection),the expression of A2BAR and the contents of cAMP,protein kinase A(PKA),TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-10 in the lung tissue.Results CLP significantly increased pulmonary capillary permeability,A2BAR expression and cAMP,IL-6 and TNF-α contents in the lung tissue in group Ⅱ as compared with group S.0.6% HES 130/0.4 significantly reduced pulmonary capillary permeability,increased A2BAR expression,cAMP,PKA and IL-10 and decreased IL-6 and TNF-αcontents in the lung tissue in group H1,2,3 as compared with group CLP.6% HES 130/0.4 decreased pulmonary capillary permeability and up-regulated A2BAR expression in a dose-dependent manner.6% HES 130/0.4 15.0 ml/kg was most effective in increasing cAMP and PKA contents in the lung and depressing inflammatory response.Conclusion 6% HES 130/0.4 decreases pulmonary capillary permeability in a rat model of sepsis by up-regulating A2BAR expression in lung tissue.

Objective Our purpose was to evaluate the teaching satisfaction of clinical epi-demiology among medical postgraduate and to come up with measures for further improvement of teaching quality. Methods A self-administered questionnalre was given to all the medical postgradu-ates and doctoral students of Grade 2013 by cluster sampling when they finished the course of clinical epidemiology. A total of 559 graduate students, including 324 graduate students (58%), 235 doctoral students (42%), recruitment graduate students 350 (62.6%), on-the-job graduate student 209 (37.4%).The contents of the questionnalre included many aspects such as the investigation object in general, teaching materials evaluation satisfaction, curriculum and teacher satisfaction evaluation. Respondents ' self-administered manner was adopted. Parallel input was done by using Epidata software; data were analyzed with SPSS 19.0 software, continuous variable was made by x±s, categorical variables was expressed by n(%). Continuous variables were compared among groups by t test and analysis of vari-ance. Classification grouping variable was compared by chi-square test, and P<0.05 for the difference was statistically significant . Results Overall evaluation of theory was below that of the internship teaching materials. The satisfaction rate of practicability, meeting the learning needs and difficulty degree for theory and practice teaching material were 83.7% (468/559), 87.5% (489/559), 67.1% (375/559) and 92.7%(518/559), 89.6%(501/559), 83.0%(464/559) respectively. 41.6%(87/209) of on-the-job students and 36.7% (119/324) of postgraduates considered theory teaching material was difficult for them. The satisfaction rate for faculty teaching attitude (99.5%, 556/559), faculty teaching method (98.6%,551/559), the theories combining with practice teaching method (97.5%, 545/559) were high, but the satisfaction rate for teaching hours was low (67.4%, 377/559), with one third students consider more hours for the course. Conclusion The Teaching effect of clinical epidemiology is falrly good in our school. The postgraduates are satisfied with the teaching materials, curriculum setting, and teach-ing faculty. But there are also some shortcomings. In the future teaching work, we should appropriately increase the hours, and set corresponding teaching contents and methods according to the different learning characteristics of the on-the-job graduate students and recruitment graduate students, to improve the teaching effect and teaching quality.

Objective:To evaluate the association between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity ( ba-PWV) and metabolic syndrome ( MetS) among the Chinese elderly and the gender difference .Methods:We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study in a representative urban area of Beijing , China. A sample of 2 102 community elderly (848 males, and 1 254 females) aged 60 to 95 years were included in the study .MetS was defined according to the 2009 harmonizing definition .Results:The prevalence of MetS was 59.1% (50.1% in males and 65.2% in females, P<0.001).The baPWV value was be-tween 8.2 to 45.6 (20.0 ±4.4) m/s, and showed an increasing trend with age (P<0.001).The par-tial correlation showed baPWV was positively associated with BMI (r =0.076, P =0.037), systolic blood pressure (r=0.380, P<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (r=0.276, P<0.001), triglyceride (r=0.040, P=0.046), fasting blood glucose (r=0.140, P<0.001), 2-hour post-meal blood glu-cose (r=0.121, P<0.001), and negatively associated with HDL-C (r=-0.128, P=0.048).There was a strong association between baPWV and prevalence of MetS and its component number in females but not in males .Compared with the lowest quartile of baPWV , the adjusted ORs were 1 .22 ( 95%CI 0.83-1.79), 1.32(95%CI 0.90-1.93), 1.46(95%CI 1.00-2.14) in males and 1.28(95%CI 0.93-1.77), 1.55(95%CI 1.12 -2.16), 1.86(95%CI 1.32-2.61) in females for the second, third and top quartiles .Conclusion:The prevalence of MetS increases substantially with increasing levels of baPWV among the Chinese elderly , especially in females .

Animals ; Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Cannabinoids ; pharmacology ; Fibrosis ; metabolism ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; etiology ; metabolism ; therapy ; Piperidines ; therapeutic use ; Pyrazoles ; therapeutic use ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 ; metabolism ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Cannabinoid ; metabolism ; Scleroderma, Diffuse ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Skin ; metabolism ; Smad Proteins ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

As an important means of lung protective strategy, prone position ventilation (PPV) which can effectively shorten the time of mechanical ventilation, significantly reduce the mortality of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and is suitable for popularization and application in the ICU. However, some studies show that prolonged prone position can significantly increase the incidence of Stress injury, making it difficult to implement PPV in the practical level. In order to achieve the goal of safe and effective prevention of skin Stress injury, and to promote the correct implementation of PPV, this paper review the methods of preventing Stress injury in patients with PPV.