ObjectiveTo explore the regulatory effects and mechanisms of Astragali Radix polysaccharide （APS） on inhibitor of differentiation1 （ID1） and protein kinase B （Akt） in gastric cancer. MethodsImmunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of ID1 and Akt in 61 gastric cancer tissue samples and 20 adjacent normal gastric tissue samples. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the localization of ID1 and Akt. The effects of APS at the concentrations of 0.625， 1.25， 2.5， 5， 10， 20 mg·L^-1 on the proliferation of gastric cancer MGC-803 cells were examined by the cell counting kit-8（CCK-8） method and the colony formation assay. The target information of APS was retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology and Analysis Platform and Swiss Target Prediction. Keywords such as gastric cancer， gastric tumor， and stomach cancer were searched against GeneCards， UniProt， DisGeNET， and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM） for the screening of gastric cancer-related targets. The online tool jvenn was used to create the Venn diagram to identify the common targets， and STRING and Cytoscape were used to construct the protein-protein interaction network. Gene Ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analyses were conducted via R 4.2.2 to predict the potential roles of APS in the development of gastric cancer. The cell scratch assay was employed to assess the effect of APS on the migration of MGC-803 cells. The protein and mRNA levels of ID1 and Akt in the cells treated with APS were determined by Western blot and Real-time PCR， respectively. ResultsCompared with the adjacent normal gastric tissue， the gastric adenocarcinoma tissue showed increased positive expression of ID1 （χ² =81.00， P<0.01）. Immunofluorescence detection showed that ID1 and Akt were mainly located in the cytoplasm of gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Bioinformatics analysis identified 14 common genes shared between APS and gastric cancer. The average degree of protein-protein interaction network nodes was 14.29. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment results showed that ID1 and Akt were significantly enriched in the Rap1 and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase （PI3K） /Akt signaling pathways. Cell experiments demonstrated that 5-fluorouracil （0.1 mg·L^-1） and APS （10， 20 mg·L^-1） groups showed decreased cell proliferation， migration， and colony formation. Compared with the control group， 10， 20 mg·L^-1 APS inhibited the proliferation of MGC-803 cells （P<0.01）， with 10 mg·L^-1 APS demonstrating stronger inhibitory effect. In addition， APS at 10， 20 mg·L^-1 inhibited the migration （P<0.01） and colony formation （P<0.05， P<0.01） of MGC-803 cells. Compared with the control group， APS at 10， 20 mg·L^-1 down-regulated the protein levels of ID1 （P<0.01） and Akt （P<0.05） and the mRNA levels of ID1 （P<0.05， P<0.01） and Akt （P<0.05， P<0.01） in MGC-803 cells. ConclusionID1 and Akt are highly expressed in the gastric adenocarcinoma tissue， which may be related to the development of gastric cancer. APS can down-regulate the protein and mRNA levels of ID1 and Akt to exert anti-tumor effects， which is expected to provide new therapeutic targets for gastric cancer treatment.

Objective:To explore the clinical application value of magnetic stimulation combined with biofeed-back technology in female stress urinary incontinence(SUI).Methods:Sixty mild or moderate female SUI patients who underwent rehabilitation treatment at the Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation Center of Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital from July to December 2021 were collected and randomly divided into two groups,with 30 pa-tients in each group.The observation group received a treatment protocol of electrical stimulation+biofeedback therapy(electric combined group)and the other group received a treatment protocol of magnetic stimulation+bi-ofeedback therapy(magnetic combined group).The treatment course for both groups consisted of 12 sessions.The Sandvik severity Index(urinary incontinence),the amount of u 1-hoururine leakage,pelvic floor muscle strength,pelvic floor muscle electrophysiological indices,the degree of urinary incontinence impact(ⅡQ-7 score)and the treatment efficacy were assessed and compared before and after the treatment in the two groups.Re-sults:Compared with the pre-treatment,the Sandvik Severity Index,the 1-hour urine leakage,and the n Q-7 score decreased in the magnetic combined group and the electric combined group after treatment,while the mus-cle strength of type Ⅰ,type Ⅱ,maximum of fast muscle,and mean value of slow muscle increased significantly,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The difference between the above indexes was not statistically significant when comparing the magnetic combined group and the electric combined group after treat-ment(P＞0.05),and the treatment efficiency of the electric combined group was 93.33％and that of the magnet-ic combined group was 96.67％,and there was no statistical significance when comparing the efficiency of the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions:Magnetic stimulation combined with biofeedback technology has high thera-peutic efficiency for mild or moderate SUl,and is an optional rehabilitation technique for women with SUI.

Objective:To explore the clinical application value of magnetic stimulation combined with biofeed-back technology in female stress urinary incontinence(SUI).Methods:Sixty mild or moderate female SUI patients who underwent rehabilitation treatment at the Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation Center of Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital from July to December 2021 were collected and randomly divided into two groups,with 30 pa-tients in each group.The observation group received a treatment protocol of electrical stimulation+biofeedback therapy(electric combined group)and the other group received a treatment protocol of magnetic stimulation+bi-ofeedback therapy(magnetic combined group).The treatment course for both groups consisted of 12 sessions.The Sandvik severity Index(urinary incontinence),the amount of u 1-hoururine leakage,pelvic floor muscle strength,pelvic floor muscle electrophysiological indices,the degree of urinary incontinence impact(ⅡQ-7 score)and the treatment efficacy were assessed and compared before and after the treatment in the two groups.Re-sults:Compared with the pre-treatment,the Sandvik Severity Index,the 1-hour urine leakage,and the n Q-7 score decreased in the magnetic combined group and the electric combined group after treatment,while the mus-cle strength of type Ⅰ,type Ⅱ,maximum of fast muscle,and mean value of slow muscle increased significantly,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The difference between the above indexes was not statistically significant when comparing the magnetic combined group and the electric combined group after treat-ment(P＞0.05),and the treatment efficiency of the electric combined group was 93.33％and that of the magnet-ic combined group was 96.67％,and there was no statistical significance when comparing the efficiency of the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions:Magnetic stimulation combined with biofeedback technology has high thera-peutic efficiency for mild or moderate SUl,and is an optional rehabilitation technique for women with SUI.

Objective:To explore the clinical application value of magnetic stimulation combined with biofeed-back technology in female stress urinary incontinence(SUI).Methods:Sixty mild or moderate female SUI patients who underwent rehabilitation treatment at the Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation Center of Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital from July to December 2021 were collected and randomly divided into two groups,with 30 pa-tients in each group.The observation group received a treatment protocol of electrical stimulation+biofeedback therapy(electric combined group)and the other group received a treatment protocol of magnetic stimulation+bi-ofeedback therapy(magnetic combined group).The treatment course for both groups consisted of 12 sessions.The Sandvik severity Index(urinary incontinence),the amount of u 1-hoururine leakage,pelvic floor muscle strength,pelvic floor muscle electrophysiological indices,the degree of urinary incontinence impact(ⅡQ-7 score)and the treatment efficacy were assessed and compared before and after the treatment in the two groups.Re-sults:Compared with the pre-treatment,the Sandvik Severity Index,the 1-hour urine leakage,and the n Q-7 score decreased in the magnetic combined group and the electric combined group after treatment,while the mus-cle strength of type Ⅰ,type Ⅱ,maximum of fast muscle,and mean value of slow muscle increased significantly,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The difference between the above indexes was not statistically significant when comparing the magnetic combined group and the electric combined group after treat-ment(P＞0.05),and the treatment efficiency of the electric combined group was 93.33％and that of the magnet-ic combined group was 96.67％,and there was no statistical significance when comparing the efficiency of the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions:Magnetic stimulation combined with biofeedback technology has high thera-peutic efficiency for mild or moderate SUl,and is an optional rehabilitation technique for women with SUI.

Objective:To explore the clinical application value of magnetic stimulation combined with biofeed-back technology in female stress urinary incontinence(SUI).Methods:Sixty mild or moderate female SUI patients who underwent rehabilitation treatment at the Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation Center of Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital from July to December 2021 were collected and randomly divided into two groups,with 30 pa-tients in each group.The observation group received a treatment protocol of electrical stimulation+biofeedback therapy(electric combined group)and the other group received a treatment protocol of magnetic stimulation+bi-ofeedback therapy(magnetic combined group).The treatment course for both groups consisted of 12 sessions.The Sandvik severity Index(urinary incontinence),the amount of u 1-hoururine leakage,pelvic floor muscle strength,pelvic floor muscle electrophysiological indices,the degree of urinary incontinence impact(ⅡQ-7 score)and the treatment efficacy were assessed and compared before and after the treatment in the two groups.Re-sults:Compared with the pre-treatment,the Sandvik Severity Index,the 1-hour urine leakage,and the n Q-7 score decreased in the magnetic combined group and the electric combined group after treatment,while the mus-cle strength of type Ⅰ,type Ⅱ,maximum of fast muscle,and mean value of slow muscle increased significantly,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The difference between the above indexes was not statistically significant when comparing the magnetic combined group and the electric combined group after treat-ment(P＞0.05),and the treatment efficiency of the electric combined group was 93.33％and that of the magnet-ic combined group was 96.67％,and there was no statistical significance when comparing the efficiency of the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions:Magnetic stimulation combined with biofeedback technology has high thera-peutic efficiency for mild or moderate SUl,and is an optional rehabilitation technique for women with SUI.

Objective:To explore the clinical application value of magnetic stimulation combined with biofeed-back technology in female stress urinary incontinence(SUI).Methods:Sixty mild or moderate female SUI patients who underwent rehabilitation treatment at the Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation Center of Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital from July to December 2021 were collected and randomly divided into two groups,with 30 pa-tients in each group.The observation group received a treatment protocol of electrical stimulation+biofeedback therapy(electric combined group)and the other group received a treatment protocol of magnetic stimulation+bi-ofeedback therapy(magnetic combined group).The treatment course for both groups consisted of 12 sessions.The Sandvik severity Index(urinary incontinence),the amount of u 1-hoururine leakage,pelvic floor muscle strength,pelvic floor muscle electrophysiological indices,the degree of urinary incontinence impact(ⅡQ-7 score)and the treatment efficacy were assessed and compared before and after the treatment in the two groups.Re-sults:Compared with the pre-treatment,the Sandvik Severity Index,the 1-hour urine leakage,and the n Q-7 score decreased in the magnetic combined group and the electric combined group after treatment,while the mus-cle strength of type Ⅰ,type Ⅱ,maximum of fast muscle,and mean value of slow muscle increased significantly,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The difference between the above indexes was not statistically significant when comparing the magnetic combined group and the electric combined group after treat-ment(P＞0.05),and the treatment efficiency of the electric combined group was 93.33％and that of the magnet-ic combined group was 96.67％,and there was no statistical significance when comparing the efficiency of the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions:Magnetic stimulation combined with biofeedback technology has high thera-peutic efficiency for mild or moderate SUl,and is an optional rehabilitation technique for women with SUI.

Objective:To explore the clinical application value of magnetic stimulation combined with biofeed-back technology in female stress urinary incontinence(SUI).Methods:Sixty mild or moderate female SUI patients who underwent rehabilitation treatment at the Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation Center of Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital from July to December 2021 were collected and randomly divided into two groups,with 30 pa-tients in each group.The observation group received a treatment protocol of electrical stimulation+biofeedback therapy(electric combined group)and the other group received a treatment protocol of magnetic stimulation+bi-ofeedback therapy(magnetic combined group).The treatment course for both groups consisted of 12 sessions.The Sandvik severity Index(urinary incontinence),the amount of u 1-hoururine leakage,pelvic floor muscle strength,pelvic floor muscle electrophysiological indices,the degree of urinary incontinence impact(ⅡQ-7 score)and the treatment efficacy were assessed and compared before and after the treatment in the two groups.Re-sults:Compared with the pre-treatment,the Sandvik Severity Index,the 1-hour urine leakage,and the n Q-7 score decreased in the magnetic combined group and the electric combined group after treatment,while the mus-cle strength of type Ⅰ,type Ⅱ,maximum of fast muscle,and mean value of slow muscle increased significantly,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The difference between the above indexes was not statistically significant when comparing the magnetic combined group and the electric combined group after treat-ment(P＞0.05),and the treatment efficiency of the electric combined group was 93.33％and that of the magnet-ic combined group was 96.67％,and there was no statistical significance when comparing the efficiency of the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions:Magnetic stimulation combined with biofeedback technology has high thera-peutic efficiency for mild or moderate SUl,and is an optional rehabilitation technique for women with SUI.

Objective:To explore the clinical application value of magnetic stimulation combined with biofeed-back technology in female stress urinary incontinence(SUI).Methods:Sixty mild or moderate female SUI patients who underwent rehabilitation treatment at the Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation Center of Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital from July to December 2021 were collected and randomly divided into two groups,with 30 pa-tients in each group.The observation group received a treatment protocol of electrical stimulation+biofeedback therapy(electric combined group)and the other group received a treatment protocol of magnetic stimulation+bi-ofeedback therapy(magnetic combined group).The treatment course for both groups consisted of 12 sessions.The Sandvik severity Index(urinary incontinence),the amount of u 1-hoururine leakage,pelvic floor muscle strength,pelvic floor muscle electrophysiological indices,the degree of urinary incontinence impact(ⅡQ-7 score)and the treatment efficacy were assessed and compared before and after the treatment in the two groups.Re-sults:Compared with the pre-treatment,the Sandvik Severity Index,the 1-hour urine leakage,and the n Q-7 score decreased in the magnetic combined group and the electric combined group after treatment,while the mus-cle strength of type Ⅰ,type Ⅱ,maximum of fast muscle,and mean value of slow muscle increased significantly,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The difference between the above indexes was not statistically significant when comparing the magnetic combined group and the electric combined group after treat-ment(P＞0.05),and the treatment efficiency of the electric combined group was 93.33％and that of the magnet-ic combined group was 96.67％,and there was no statistical significance when comparing the efficiency of the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions:Magnetic stimulation combined with biofeedback technology has high thera-peutic efficiency for mild or moderate SUl,and is an optional rehabilitation technique for women with SUI.

Objective:To explore the clinical application value of magnetic stimulation combined with biofeed-back technology in female stress urinary incontinence(SUI).Methods:Sixty mild or moderate female SUI patients who underwent rehabilitation treatment at the Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation Center of Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital from July to December 2021 were collected and randomly divided into two groups,with 30 pa-tients in each group.The observation group received a treatment protocol of electrical stimulation+biofeedback therapy(electric combined group)and the other group received a treatment protocol of magnetic stimulation+bi-ofeedback therapy(magnetic combined group).The treatment course for both groups consisted of 12 sessions.The Sandvik severity Index(urinary incontinence),the amount of u 1-hoururine leakage,pelvic floor muscle strength,pelvic floor muscle electrophysiological indices,the degree of urinary incontinence impact(ⅡQ-7 score)and the treatment efficacy were assessed and compared before and after the treatment in the two groups.Re-sults:Compared with the pre-treatment,the Sandvik Severity Index,the 1-hour urine leakage,and the n Q-7 score decreased in the magnetic combined group and the electric combined group after treatment,while the mus-cle strength of type Ⅰ,type Ⅱ,maximum of fast muscle,and mean value of slow muscle increased significantly,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The difference between the above indexes was not statistically significant when comparing the magnetic combined group and the electric combined group after treat-ment(P＞0.05),and the treatment efficiency of the electric combined group was 93.33％and that of the magnet-ic combined group was 96.67％,and there was no statistical significance when comparing the efficiency of the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions:Magnetic stimulation combined with biofeedback technology has high thera-peutic efficiency for mild or moderate SUl,and is an optional rehabilitation technique for women with SUI.

With the rapid advancement of science and technology, the application of 3D printing technology for personalized drug manufacturing is becoming increasingly sophisticated.Compared to traditional manufacturing technology, 3D printing can easily customize preparations with specific sizes, shapes and release behaviors for personalized drug use.This review summarizes the principles of several 3D printing technologies commonly used in drug manufacturing, lists the unique advantages and application examples of 3D printing technology for pharmaceutical preparation, analyses the current research status and development trends of the global industry of drug 3D printing, and summarizes the current problems and challenges facing drug 3D printing, aiming to provide some guidance for researchers of 3D printed drugs.