Objective To study the inhibitory effect of panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) formation in brain induced by heme/NO2 -/H2O2 or ONOO - pathways in vitro. Methods According to the two major pathways of 3-NT formation in vivo, the models of protein nitration induced by heme/NaNO2/H2O2 or ONOO-system were established, respectively, in vitro. Bovine serum albumin (BSA)/rat plasma protein or rat brain homogenate protein were utilized as reactive substrates in both systems. Samples were divided into blank-control group, 3-NT group and PNS group (including low-, medium-and high-concentration subgroups). In 3-NT group, samples were exposed to heme/NaNO2/H2O2 or ONOO-system, respectively, at 37℃for 30 min, whereas in PNS group, samples were pre-incubated with PNS (at final concentrations of 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L, and 200 mg/L) at 37℃for 5 min before the nitrating system exposure. The 3-NT level in each group was detected by Western blot assy. Results Compared with the blank-control group, both heme/NaNO2/H2O2 and ONOO-system can induce significant 3-NT generation in BSA/rat plasma protein or rat brain homogenate protein (P<0.05). Compared with model group, PNS pre-treatment markedly inhibited 3-NT expression in BSA/rat plasma protein in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05), the inhibitory effect of low intervention on the level of 3-NT in rat brain homogenate protein was not significant (P>0.05). Medium- and high-concentrations of PNS pre-treatment markedly inhibited 3-NT accumulation, with maximum effect at the concentration of 200 mg/L (P<0.05). Conclusion Medium- and high-concentrations of PNS can inhibit 3-NT formation in brain tissue mediated by either heme/NO2-/H2O2 or ONOO-pathways, implying that potential neuroprotective action against 3-NT involves pathological conditions, like trauma, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics of serious ADR in psychiatric hospital,and to provide reference for effective and safe use of drugs in the clinic. METHODS:114 cases of serious ADR in our hospital from 2004 to 2015 were ana-lyzed retrospectively in terms of general information,primary disease,route of administration,dosage form,drug types,organs or systems involved in ADR and clinical manifestations,top 5 ADR-inducing drugs and main clinical manifestations,etc. RESULTS:Of 114 serious ADR cases,the number of female was more than that of male(71/43). Patients aged 21-30 years old took up the greatest proprotion(35 cases,30.70%). The main involved primary disease was schizophrenia(54 cases,47.37%). Oral adminis-tration-induced ADR was most common(103 cases,90.35%). The main involved drugs were antipsychotics,occupying the great-est proportion(75 cases,65.79%). Digestive system involved was the most common(53 cases,42.74%), Olanzapine tablets had the highest incidence of serious ADR (23 cases,18.55%),the main clinical manifestation were both abnormal liver function. There were 8 cases of new serious ADR (7.02%). Most of the ADR can be cured after drug withdrawal or countermeasures,no death case was found. CONCLUSIONS:Psychiatric drugs can induce serious ADR as treat psychiatric disease,among which the in-cidence of ADR induced by Olanzapine tablets is the highest and mainly manifestes digestive system symptoms. It is suggested to strengthen serious ADR monitoring to promote the safe use of drugs.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics of central nervous system(CNS)ADR caused by olanzapine,and to provide reference for safe and rational drug use in clinic. METHODS:Thirty cases of CNS ADR caused by olanzapine reported by our hospital to national ADR monitoring center were collected during 2004-2015. General information of patients,drug therapy, ADR,treatment measures and outcomes were analyzed statistically. RESULTS:Among 30 cases of CNS ADR caused by olanzapine, the female was more than male(22/8);the age of patients mainly ranged 21-40 years old(10 cases,33.3%). The original disease was given priority to schizophrenia (18 cases,60.0%). When ADR occurred,average dose of olanzapine was (18.0 ± 7.0) mg/d. The daily dose of 20 mg accounted for the most of ADR(8 cases,26.7%). Main ADR was extrapyramidal syndrome(22 cases, 73.3%). When mostly reduced the drug dose,stopped olanzapine,switched to other antipsychotics,and actively adopted symp-tomatic support treatment,the symptoms were relieved or returned to normal. CONCLUSIONS:The extrapyramidal syndrome take up the majority of CNS ADR caused by olanzapine. ADR is also likely to happen even if the daily dose is small. CNS ADR are more likely to happen in women. At the beginning of the treatment within a month,close attention should be paid to ADR. It is sug-gested to grasp the indications strictly and observe ADR so as to ensure the safety of drug use.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the features of risperidone-induced leucocytopenia ADR.METHODS:Twenty-one ADR cases of risperidone-induced leucocytopenia reported by our hospital were collected and analyzed during 2004-2015.The characteris tics of risperidone-induced leucocytopenia were discussed.RESULTS:Among 21 patients,there were 10 male and 11 female.The age was from 15 to 72 years old.Nine cases of patients were 31-40 years old (42.9％).Most of the original disease was schizophre nia.Incubation period of leucocytopenia caused by risperidone was (28.6 ± 21.4) d.Patients had no discomfort complain when leucocytopenia occurred.The lowest white blood cells reported was(3.1 ± 0.5)× 109 L-1.The leucocytopenia were improved after reduc tion,drug withdrawal and symptomatic treatment.CONCLUSIONS:Patients usually have no body discomfort complain when risperidone-induced leucocytopenia appears.Doctors should moniter ADR regularly,identify it earlier and treat carefully.

Bones are stained into red color with feeding madder, but we do not know whether the fed madder can change the bone biomechanical properties and bone mineral contents in animals. In this research, we established a rat model with feeding madder. The bone biomechanical properties were detected by universal material mechanics, bone mineral contents were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and spectrometer, and red color material in bone was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that bone biomechanical parameters in femur diaphysis in the 10% and 15% group rats were significantly higher than those in the control group after feeding madder for 6 months. The level of calcium, magnesium and zinc in femur diaphysis in 10% and 15% group rats were higher than those in the control group after feeding madder for 6 months. However, it was shown that the kidney congestion and hyperemia and the level of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine in the 15% group rats were significantly different compared to those in the control group rats after feeding madder for 6 months. The red colored material in bone is related to alizarin analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography. The conclusion could be drawn that feeding 10% madder in diet was not toxic to the rats fed for 6 months, and it could improve bone biomechanical properties and increase bone mineral elements.
Animals ; Anthraquinones ; toxicity ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Density ; Bone and Bones ; drug effects ; physiology ; Calcium ; Femur ; Magnesium ; Rats ; Zinc

Objective To induce human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) to hair-cell like cells in the inner ear, using a two-step neural differentiation method.Methods The hUC-MSCs were obtained from human umbilical cords by tissue adherence culture,whose surface antigen CD29, CD34, CD44, CD45, CD90, HLA-ABC, and HLA-DR could be identified by flow cytometry.In the neural stem cells induced phase, the NSE positive cells were analyzed by microscope and immunohistochemistry.In the second stage, the expression of hair-cell like cells markers (Math1, MyosinⅦa, Brn3c) were tested by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence method.Results The control group and the protocol group had little NSE after differentiation while the protocol B group presented a neurobiological structure and demonstrated a higher NSE positive ratio after 5 days' neural stem cells induction (P<0.05).Compared to the control group, the mRNA and protein level of Math1, MyosinⅦa, and Brn3c exhibited a significant increase in the differential group,which induced for 4 weeks in the hair-cell like cells in the inner ear's induced phase(P<0.05).Conclusion The two-stage induction (hUC-MSCs-neural stem cells-hair-cell like cells) could produce more MyosinⅦa,Brn3c and Math1,which may provide an appropriate way to treat sensorineural deafness.

Objective To establish a method of multicolor melting curve analysis for the prenatal diagnosis ofβthalassemia.Methods Methodology establishment.A total of 95 cases, including 9 fetal villi samples(10-13 weeks)and 86 amniotic fluid samples(18-24 weeks)were collected by Center for Prenatal Diagnosis of Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital between January 2014 and December 2014.A double-blind test was done to detect the mutations of beta globin gene by means of reverse dot ( RDB) blot and multicolor melting curve analysis ( MMCA).The consistency of the two methods is compared.Results The results of 93 cases detected by MMCA and RDB are completely consistent.The results of the 2 cases detected by MMCA after correction are the same as the results detected by RDB.Finally, the coincidence rate of the result was 100%.Conclusion MMCA can be applied to the prenatal diagnosis ofβthalassemia as an effective supplement to RDB.

Objective:To evaluate the value of DWI with background suppression (DWIBS) in evaluating the injury of the low limb nerves in patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS).Methods:The clinical and imaging data of 30 patients with GBS and 30 healthy volunteers matched with their age and gender in Zibo Central Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients received lower limb nerve electrophysiological examination and all subjects received lower limb nerve DWIBS examination one week later. The display of tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve after DWIBS image reconstruction in normal volunteers and GBS patients was scored by two senior radiologists. Kappa consistency test was used to analyze the consistency of the two senior radiologists′ scores. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV) and motor nerve conduction amplitudes of tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve in patients with GBS among different DWIBS scores. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between DWIBS tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve scores and electrophysiological parameters in patients with GBS.Results:In the DWIBS images of 30 healthy volunteers, 60 tibial nerves and common peroneal nerves showed clear, sharp edges, good signal intensity, uniformity, and the scores were 4. The consistency between the two radiologists was good (Kappa value=1.0). In the 60 tibial nerves and common peroneal nerves of 30 GBS patients, 53 tibial nerves and 52 common peroneal nerves showed abnormal changes in varying degrees, including blurred edges, distortions, difficulty in recognition, and weakened signal strength, etc. The consistency between the two readers was good (Kappa value=0.879,0.863,respectively.).With the decrease of DWIBS score, the MCV and motor nerve conduction amplitude values of tibial nerves and common peroneal nervesin GBS patients decreased, and the differences between the score groups were statistically significant ( P<0.01). The scores of tibial nerves and common peroneal nerves in DWIBS were positively correlated with MCV ( r=0.83, 0.84, respectively, P<0.05) and motor nerve conduction amplitude ( r=0.81, 0.79, respectively, P<0.05). Conclusion:DWIBS could provide a three dimensional visualization of tibial nerves and common peroneal nerves, and evaluate the disorders of peripheral nerves in patients with GBS. There has correlation between the scores of tibial nerves and common peroneal nerves in DWIBS with electrophysiology parameters.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological, and molecular characteristics of myoepithelial tumors (MTs) of salivary glands. Methods: A total of 37 MTs cases including 13 malignant epithelial tumors (MMTs) and 24 benign epithelial tumors (BMTs) of salivary glands were identified from the archives of the Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, dating from 2006 to 2016. Clinical features, histological patterns, immunohistochemical characteristics and status of EWSR1 gene rearrangement by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis were reviewed in all cases. Results: Clinically, 37 MTs cases mainly occurred in the parotid glands, when most of the patients presented with painless masses. Of the 13 MMTs cases, male to female ratio was 7∶6, and the median age was 62 years old. Of the 24 BMTs cases, male to female ratio was 5∶7, and the median age was 54 years old. Immunohistochemically, 37 MTs cases were positive for CKpan, and at least one myoepithelial marker. Twenty six of 37 MTs cases were analyzable for the EWSR1 gene break by FISH. Based on the previous evaluation criterion, the EWSR1 translocation was detected in 4 cases of 11 MMTs, and 4 cases of 15 BMTs. According to the main histological composition of tumor cells, 4 EWSR1-positive MMTs covered 2 clear-cell cases and 2 epithelioid-cell cases, when 4 EWSR1-positive BMTs covered 2 clear-cell cases, 1 plasmacytoid-cell case, and 1 spindle-cell case. Conclusions Males and females are affected equally. MTs express immunoreactivity for CKpan, and at least one myoepithelial marker. The EWSR1 rearrangement is present in a subset of MTs, with variable morphological characteristics, and has no statistical significance on clinical behavior.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features of mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) of salivary glands, and its diagnosis, differential diagnosis, immunohistochemistry and molecular pathology. Methods: Seventeen cases of MASC were enrolled, with 9 cases of salivary acinar cell carcinoma and 18 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma as control groups from Nanjing General Hospital from 1997 to 2014 were included in this retrospective study, combined with immunohistochemistry and molecular detection of ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion. All cases were histologically reviewed with immunohistochemical staining (EnVision) for S-100 protein, SOX10, GATA3, CD117 expression in each group. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect the ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion. Results: The age of MASC patients ranged from 27 to 74 years with mean age of 47 and ratio of male and female was 4∶3. All cases showed infiltrative growth and diverse cytology and histology, including lobular (8 cases), cystic papillary (3 cases), cribriform mixed with papillary and glandular structures (6 cases) at various proportions. Some tumors of MASC also exhibited solid growth areas with occasional microcystic honeycombed pattern composed of small cysts merged into larger cysts resembling thyroid follicles. S-100 protein and SOX10 were strongly positive in all MASC cases (17/17). In addition, there was insignificant positivity for GATA3 (3/17) and CD117 (4/17). ETV6 gene fusion detection was informative in 12 MASC cases by FISH with 10 positive cases and 2 negative cases. Conclusions Combined immunohistochemical positivity of S-100 protein, CD117 and SOX10 are useful in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of MASC. FISH detection of ETV6-NTRK3 fusion offers an additional molecular diagnostic marker for the diagnosis.