Objective To investigate the resistance of imipenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IRPA),metallo-β-lactamase (MBLs) producing and prevalences of the coding genes of IRPA in ICU.Methods Eighty-six clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in ICU continuously collected were analyzed retrospectively.Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its drug susceptibility was identified by BioMerieux VITEK-32 system,and double disk synergy test was used to screen the MBLs producing IRPA.Then,the MBLs phenotype positive IRPA were confirmed by PCR to explore the genotype of them.Results Except polymyxin B with 100.0％ sensitivity and amikacin with higher sensitivity,the percentage of drug resistance for other antibiotics was more than 46％.MBLs phenotype positive IRPA accounted for 48.8％ (42/86) by double disk synergy test and genotype positive accounted for 47.7％(41/86) by PCR in MBLs phenotype positive IRPA.Among these,the most common was IMP-1 which constituted for 26.7％ (23/86).What's more,there were 15.1％(13/86) strains IRPA which carried multidrug resistant genes.Conclusions The main mechanism of drug resistance of IRPA in ICU is MBLs producing and IMP-1 is the most prevalent genotype,and IRPA with multidrug resistant genes is serious.Thus,monitoring of MBLs should be strengthened to help to use antibiotics rationally and prevent transmission of these genes.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is one of the most common agents of community-acquired pneumonia in children.MP has been reported in 10％ ～ 40％ of cases of community-acquired pneumonia and shows an even higher incidence during epidemics.MP infections display a spectrum of symptoms and signs,ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe and potentially fatal pneumonia or extrapulmonary manifestations.The pathogenesis of extrapulmonary manifestations remain largely unknown.This review classifies extrapulmonary manifestations due to MP infection into three categories:direct type,indirect type and vascular occlusion type.These manifestations include neurological,cardiac,hematological,dermatological and other symptoms.This article presents an overview of extrapulmonary manifestations and pathogenesis of MP infections in children to improve the comprehension for diagnosis.

Hie morbidity and mortality of bladder cancer are both the highest among urinary cancers in China. As a critical component of epigenetics, DNA abnormal methylation plays an important role during the occurrence and progression of bladder cancer. Recently, researchers focusing on the DNA methylation in bladder cancer have done much on it The results are of great clinical significance for screening,diagnosis and therapy of bladder cancer.

Objective:There are many different kinds of biological safety cabinets, it make some difficulties in the allocation. Scientific selection which based experimental requirements choose the right equipment match experiments, it can effectively prevent the spread of pathogenic microorganisms of operation personnel damage and environmental pollution.Methods: According to its working characteristics, different laboratory levels, detection items and actual operation of dangerous levels of pathogenic microorganisms, to determine the matched biological safety cabinet.Results: According to the different experiments correctly, choose the appropriate biological safety cabinet, bio-safety has been obviously improved, the incidence of adverse events decreased from 12% to 3%; the experimenter's security has improved.Conclusion: Through the use of biological safety cabinet clear and selection method, can not only improve biological testing of safety consciousness, but also strengthen the biological safety standardization, institutionalization and standardization of the management mechanism, avoid the use of biological safety, improve the quality of the efficiency of laboratory work and experiment, laboratory personnel biological safety.

Bronchial asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases in children.Airway remodeling that makes asthma difficult to control is an important pathological progress of asthma.Toll-like receptors (TLR), a kind of pattern recognition receptors, are expressed in a variety of human airway structure cells, such as airway epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, mucus gland cells, etc.It is reported that TLRs play important roles in the regulation of airway remodeling in asthma.This article briefly summarizes the role of TLR in airway remodeling of asthma.

Objective To discuss the curative effects and clinical safety of high -dose glucocorticoids (GCS)combined with short -range hormone therapy for myasthenia gravis(MG).Methods The clinical data of 68 patients with MG were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into the control group and the observation group (34 cases in each group)according to different treatment methods.The control group was treated by high -dose GCS combined with long -term hormone therapy,while the observation group received large doses of GCS short -range hormone treatment combined with other immunosuppressive therapy.Before and after treatment,curative effects and adverse reactions of the two groups were recorded and compared.Results The onset time of the control group and the observation group was respectively (7.8 ±3.5)days,(8.2 ±4.2)days;Before treatment,and after 4 weeks,8 weeks, 12 weeks treatment,the clinical absolute scores of the control group were (24.7 ±10.5)points,(15.4 ±6.3)points, (6.8 ±5.4)points,(7.1 ±4.5 )points,which of the observation group were (25.2 ±11.1 )points,(16.9 ± 7.1)points,(7.4 ±4.8)points,(8.3 ±5.5)points.The onset time and clinical absolute scores of the two groups had no statistical differences(t =0.978,0.925,0.897,1.213,all P >0.05);After 4 weeks of treatment and 12 weeks of treatment,the total effective rates in the control group were 85.3%,94.1% respectively,which of the observation group were 76.5%,91.2% respectively,the two groups had no statistically significant differences (χ2 =0.856, 0.216,all P >0.05);The incidence rate of adverse reactions in the control group (38.2%)was significantly higher than 14.7% in the observation group(χ2 =4.836,P <0.05).Conclusion Large dose of GCS combined with short-range hormone has adequate curative effects compared with large dose of GCS long -range hormone for the treat-ment of myasthenia gravis,but it had the lower incidence of adverse reactions,which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Ph-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-like ALL) involves various genomic alterations associated with high risk factors and poor clinical outcome, such as IKZF1, CRLF2, JAK1/2, EBF1-PDGFRB, ATF7IP, EPOR, SH2B3.JAK/STAT pathway and PI3K/mTOR pathway are likely to be the targets of Ph-like ALL.Here,the above genomic alterations and treatment progress are reviewed.

Congenital cataract is one of the leading causes of children vision impairment and blindness.Among the many causative factors,inheritance plays a critical role in the development of congenital cataract.With the development of molecular biology techniques,more than 30 genes have been found to be associated with congenital cataract,and the number is still increasing.More pathogenic genes discovery and functional researches have the important values to understand the lens biological characteristics and the cataract pathophysiology mechanism.Discovering new ways to prevent cataracts may make it possible for human to achieve individualized genetic intervention.This article reviewed the recent advances in the study of lens embryology and genes related to congenital cataract.

This paper analyzes the amputation reasons of 74 cases on lower limb amputator, recovery condition after fitted artificial limb and fitted time. The result shows; the most common reason on lower limb amputation in industrial accidents and traffic accidents; patients' whole function almost all rise from 3 level to 4 level; Amputators basically can conduct their daily life. Also the paper discusses some social etyical problems such as reducing industrial accident and traffic accident, strengthening the support and help on maimed persons by early fitting temporary artificial limb.

The anti-DNP and anti-OA IgE antibody responses of six strains of mice immunizedwith DNP-OA conjugate in presence of A1(OH)_3 adjuvant was investigated.Signifi-cant differences of the magnitude of serum IgE were found in anti-hapten and anti-carrier responses among strains.The primary and secondary anti-DNP and anti-OAIgE antibodies were elicited in NIH,BALB/c and DBA/2 mice after immunizationwith 1?g of DNP-OA.Among them NIH mice was the highest responder,whereasLACA,C3H and B6D2F1 mice were poor or nonresponders.In comparison the IgEresponse in BALB/c mice immunized with 1?g and 10?g of DNP-OA,the former de-monstrated a latency of primary response,but two groups had a very similar PCAtiters after 4 weeks of immunization.On the other hand,LACA mice gave a dose de-pendent IgE response.Profound primary and secondary IgE antibody responses can beonly seen in mice injected with 10?g of DNP-OA and PCA titer of anti-DNP washigher than that of anti-OA IgE antibody.However,no difference of IgE antibodylevels in NIH mice can be found between groups immunized with different doses.DNP_(4.7)-OA primed mice gave higher IgE response than that of mice immunized withDNP_3-OA.A prevailing anti-hapten IgE response was observed when higher dose ofDNP-OA conjugates was injected.