Objective: To investigate the overall incidence and age distribution of upper digestive tract cancer in Cixian county, and to provide a reliable basis of prevention and treatment for upper gastrointestinal cancer. Methods: Collected annual incidence rate among 2003-2012 from Cixian cancer registry and abstracted all incidence rate of upper digestive tract cancer. The age-standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population (ASR China) was calculated using the national population composition of 2000. The age-standardized incidence rate by world standard population (ASR world) was calculated using the world population composition of 1964 of Segi's. The annual average change (APC) was used to estimate the growth rate of the last two years in comparision with the first two years, which was calculated by Joinpoint regression model. The data was divided into two sections (from 2003 to 2007, and from 2008 to 2012), and the rate difference of different age group was calculated. Results: The crude incidence rate of the digestive tract cancer from 2003 to 2012 was 165.36/100 000 (10 309/6 234 346), which dropped from 170.75/10 100 000 (1 029/602 638) of 2003 to 146.02/100 000 of 2012 (936/640 991).The PC and APC of the crude incidence rate of upper gastrointestinal cancer were-12.96%, and-1.54% (95%CI:-3.22%-0.07%), respectively. The PC and APC of ASR China were-10.83%, and-1.30% (95%CI: 2.54%-0.03%), respectively. The PC and APC of ASR world were-9.82%, and-1.13% (95%CI:-2.20%--0.03%), respectively. The incidence of upper gastrointestinal cancer decreased. The incidence rate of 2003-2007 and 2008-2012 were 171.55/100 000 (5 239/3 048 593), and 159.41/10 000 (5 070/3 180 514), respectively and the rate difference was-12.15/100 000. The decrease of rate difference of 70 to 74 years old was the most (-340.32/100 000) and the increase of rate difference over the age of 85 was the most (447.21/100 000). Conclusion From 2003 to 2012, the crude incidence of upper digestive tract cancer in Cixian showed a decreasing trend, and the 70-74 years old age group shows the most obvious decline

Objective To systematically evaluate the etiological association between esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma and Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and the pathogenicity of Cag pathogenic island in Hp infection cases.Methods Literatures about Hp infection and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma published from January 1980 to April 2015 were retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang data,VIP,the Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMBase databases.The literatures which met the inclusion criteria were collected and evaluated by using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale,then the heterogeneity was analyzed with Review Manager 5.3,and the pooled OR value and 95％ confidence interval were calculated.Results A total of 5 547 study subjects were recruited in 13 studies,including 1 446 esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma cases and 4 101 controls.The combined OR for Hp infection was 0.95 (95％CI:0.66-1.36),P=0.71;The OR in high risk areas was 1.66 (95％CI:1.33-2.08,P＜0.001),higher than that in low-risk areas (0.68,95％CI:0.49-0.94,P=0.020).In addition,six studies found that the combined detection rates of Cag pathogenic island in esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma cases and controls were 80.50％ and 79.80％,respectively.There was no significant difference between two group,the combined OR was 1.24 (95％CI:0.96-1.60).Conclusion The association between Hp infection and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma was not significant,however,the significant difference was observed between high risk area and low risk area;the detection rate of Gag pathogenic island in Hp infection cases was high,but the pathogenicity for esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma needs further study.

Objective: To explore the psychological status and related factors in patients with precancerous of esophageal and gastric cardia in Linzhou of Henan. Methods: Clinical psycho-rating scale of Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS, score ≥50 points with symptoms of anxiety) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS, score ≥53 points with the symptoms of depression) were applied to survey life events and psychological status of subjects who aged 40-69 years old and participated in"The Early diagnosis and Early Treatment"program in Linzhou cancer hospital from July 2015 to Jan 2016. Patients with lower intraepithelial neoplasia or high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia were selected as precancerous lesions (n=118), and patients with normal grade were selected as healthy controls (n=210). Compare the differences of the scores between the two groups, and the logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of precancerous lesions and psychological status of the study subjects. Results: Precancerous lesions included esophageal (72 cases), gastric cardia (40 cases), esophageal and cardia dual source (6 cases); Precancerous lesions and healthy controls aged (57.17±7.71) and (53.12±7.99) years old, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The anxiety and depression scale showed that the scores of SAS and SDS scores in the precancerous lesions were (37.18±10.01), (40.44±8.37) points, and (34.02±6.63), (38.49±8.73) points in control group, the difference was statistically significant (P=0.002, 0.032). While the social support total score (38.26±5.26), and subjective support score (24.08±3.83) and objective support score (7.50±1.89) in control group were all higher than those of precancerous group (36.80±6.18, 23.01±3.93, 6.93±1.57), and the difference were statistically significant (P=0.024, 0.016, 0.004). In addition, the Logistic analysis showed that subjects with low objective social support, subjective social support and anxiety symptoms were more likely to develop precancerous lesions, and the OR were 0.81, 0.72 and 1.05, respectively (P=0.028, 0.005, 0.009). Conclusion Social support, anxiety and depression status may be related to the occurrence and development of esophageal and gastric cardia precancerous lesions.

Gene editing technology has a broad development prospect in medical research and appli-cation,and it is a frontier hot spot in the field of biomedical research worldwide,especially in the field of be-havioral medicine,making it possible to treat and prevent major diseases such as brain diseases,neurodegen-erative diseases and behavioral psychology diseases. But we must recognize that gene-editing technology poses new threats to bio-security while benefiting humanity. This paper summarizes the development and application prospect of gene editing technology in the field of behavioral medicine,summarizes the ethical and relevant institu-tional problems and international regulatory policies faced by the rapid development of gene editing technology, and finally puts forward relevant regulatory suggestions for the development of gene editing technology.

OBJECTIVETo understand the distribution of esophageal squamous cell cancer and precursor lesions in high-risk areas of China, and to provide evidence for determining the reference ranges of detection rates in high-risk areas.

METHODSEndoscopy with Lugol's iodine staining was performed on 15 709 local residents aged 40 to 69 years old in Linzhou of Henan province and Feicheng of Shandong province from 2005-2009. 35 cases without accurate pathology diagnosis and 11 cases with vital disease before screening were excluded. 15 663 subjects were enrolled in this study. Compliance was calculated by the percentage of the people who had endoscopic screening among the target population. Chi-square test and trend chi-square test were used to compare the distribution differences in age, gender and areas of esophageal squamous cell cancer and precancer. 95% CI of the detection rates was then employed to represent the reference ranges of esophageal squamous cell cancer and precursor lesions.

RESULTSThe compliance rate of screening endoscopy of this study was 49.36% (15 709/31 826) of all, and female's compliance (54.05%, 8 447/15 628) was much higher than that of male (44.83%, 7 262/16 198) (χ(2) = 88.14, P < 0.001). The detection rates of basal cell hyperplasia, low grade intraepithelial neoplasia, high grade intraepithelial neoplasia and esophageal squamous cell cancer of males were 4.17% (302/7 246), 17.22% (1 248/7 246), 1.67% (121/7 246), 0.83% (60/7 246), and were higher than that of females (3.45% (290/8 417), 14.82% (1 247/8 417), 1.41% (119/8 417), 0.48% (40/8 417), respectively). Except for high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, the detection rates of male were higher than that of female (P values were 0.018, < 0.001, 0.960, 0.006). The detection rates of all grades of precursor lesions increased with age rising (all P values < 0.001), among which the detection rates of the mentioned four lesions for 40-44 years old were 2.69% (94/3 500), 8.11% (284/3 500), 0.40% (14/3 500), 0.14% (5/3 500), and that of 65-69 years old were 5.46% (46/843), 23.25% (196/843), 3.68% (31/843), 2.14% (18/843). The proportion of esophageal precursor lesion of Linzhou were higher than that of Feicheng observably except for esophageal squamous cell cancer (P values were < 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, 0.437). The detection rates of the four lesions of Linzhou and Feicheng were 4.90% (504/10 287), 17.37% (1 787/10 287), 1.79% (184/1 0287), 0.60% (62/10 287) and 1.64% (88/5 376), 13.17% (708/5 376), 1.04% (56/5 376), 0.71% (38/5 376). The 95% CI of detection rates of various lesions were, 3.78% (3.48%-4.08%) for basal cell hyperplasia, 15.93% (15.37%-16.50%) for low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, 12.31% (11.79%-12.82%) for mild dysplasia and 3.62% (3.33%-3.91%) for moderate hyperplasia, 1.53% (1.34%-1.72%) for high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and 0.64% (0.51%-0.76%) for esophageal squamous cell cancer, respectively.

CONCLUSIONUp to 21.88% residents that were asymptomatic were suffered from esophageal squamous cancer or precursor lesions in high-risk areas in China. The distribution of esophageal squamous cell cancer and precursor lesions was closely related to the gender and the age, which suggested that males were supposed to be paid more attention to.

Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Endoscopy ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Iodides ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Precancerous Conditions ; epidemiology ; Sex Distribution

Objective To understand the distribution of esophageal squamous cell cancer and precursor lesions in high-risk areas of China, and to provide evidence for determining the reference ranges of detection rates in high-risk areas. Methods Endoscopy with Lugol's iodine staining was performed on 15 709 local residents aged 40 to 69 years old in Linzhou of Henan province and Feicheng of Shandong province from 2005-2009. 35 cases without accurate pathology diagnosis and 11 cases with vital disease before screening were excluded.15 663 subjects were enrolled in this study. Compliance was calculated by the percentage of the people who had endoscopic screening among the target population. Chi-square test and trend chi-square test were used to compare the distribution differences in age, gender and areas of esophageal squamous cell cancer and precancer.95%CI of the detection rates was then employed to represent the reference ranges of esophageal squamous cell cancer and precursor lesions. Results The compliance rate of screening endoscopy of this study was 49.36%(15 709/31 826) of all, and female's compliance (54.05%,8 447/15 628) was much higher than that of male(44.83%,7 262/16 198)(χ2=88.14, P<0.001). The detection rates of basal cell hyperplasia, low grade intraepithelial neoplasia, high grade intraepithelial neoplasia and esophageal squamous cell cancer of males were 4.17%(302/7 246),17.22%(1 248/7 246),1.67%(121/7 246),0.83%(60/7 246),and were higher than that of females(3.45%(290/8 417),14.82%(1 247/8 417),1.41%(119/8 417),0.48%(40/8 417), respectively). Except for high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, the detection rates of male were higher than that of female (P values were 0.018,<0.001,0.960,0.006) . The detection rates of all grades of precursor lesions increased with age rising(all P values <0.001), among which the detection rates of the mentioned four lesions for 40-44 years old were 2.69%(94/3 500),8.11%(284/3 500),0.40%(14/3 500), 0.14%(5/3 500), and that of 65-69 years old were 5.46% (46/843), 23.25% (196/843), 3.68% (31/843), 2.14% (18/843). The proportion of esophageal precursor lesion of Linzhou were higher than that of Feicheng observably except for esophageal squamous cell cancer (P values were<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,0.437). The detection rates of the four lesions of Linzhou and Feicheng were 4.90%(504/10 287),17.37%(1 787/10 287),1.79%(184/1 0287),0.60%(62/10 287) and 1.64%(88/5 376),13.17%(708/5 376),1.04%(56/5 376),0.71%(38/5 376).The 95%CI of detection rates of various lesions were, 3.78%(3.48%-4.08%) for basal cell hyperplasia, 15.93%(15.37%-16.50%) for low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia,12.31% (11.79%-12.82%)for mild dysplasia and 3.62% (3.33%-3.91%) for moderate hyperplasia, 1.53%(1.34%-1.72%) for high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and 0.64%(0.51%-0.76%) for esophageal squamous cell cancer, respectively. Conclusion Up to 21.88%residents that were asymptomatic were suffered from esophageal squamous cancer or precursor lesions in high-risk areas in China. The distribution of esophageal squamous cell cancer and precursor lesions was closely related to the gender and the age, which suggested that males were supposed to be paid more attention to.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of cervical anastomotic leakage after thoracoscopic?lapacoscopic esophagectomy. Methods 530 patients with esophageal cancer underwent thoracoscopic?lapacoscopic esophagectomy at the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from Jan 2011 to Dec 2015. The demographic, surgical and clinical data of patients were retrospectively analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate risk factors of cervical anastomotic leakage in these patients. Results A total of 530 patients undergoing thoracoscopic?lapacoscopic esophagectomy were enrolled in this study. There were 421 males and 109 females. The mean age was (59.40±8.08) years old, and 91 patients with cervical anastomotic leakage. Sigle factor analysis revealed that the risk grading by American Society of Aneshesiologists, previous history of chest surgery, respiratory comorbidity, diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide of the lung, operation time, anastomosis, average days of postoperative hospitalization, death within 30 days after surgery, respiratory complications, pleural effusion or empyema, and poor healing of the incision were statistically associated with cervical anastomotic leakage (all P＜0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that previous history of chest surgery, hepatic insufficiency, manual anastomosis, prolonged postoperative hospitalization, and poor healing of the incision were independent risk factors for cervical anastomotic leakage after thoracoscopic?lapacoscopic esophagectomy ( all P＜0.05 ). Conclusions Previous history of chest surgery, hepatic insufficiency, poor healing of the incision, manual anastomosis and prolonged postoperative hospitalization were significantly associated with cervical anastomotic leakage after thoracoscopic?lapacoscopic esophagectomy. It′s important to strengthen perioperative nursing and surgical techniques to prevent anastomotic leakage after thoracoscopic?lapacoscopic esophagectomy.

Objective To understand the distribution of esophageal squamous cell cancer and precursor lesions in high-risk areas of China, and to provide evidence for determining the reference ranges of detection rates in high-risk areas. Methods Endoscopy with Lugol's iodine staining was performed on 15 709 local residents aged 40 to 69 years old in Linzhou of Henan province and Feicheng of Shandong province from 2005-2009. 35 cases without accurate pathology diagnosis and 11 cases with vital disease before screening were excluded.15 663 subjects were enrolled in this study. Compliance was calculated by the percentage of the people who had endoscopic screening among the target population. Chi-square test and trend chi-square test were used to compare the distribution differences in age, gender and areas of esophageal squamous cell cancer and precancer.95%CI of the detection rates was then employed to represent the reference ranges of esophageal squamous cell cancer and precursor lesions. Results The compliance rate of screening endoscopy of this study was 49.36%(15 709/31 826) of all, and female's compliance (54.05%,8 447/15 628) was much higher than that of male(44.83%,7 262/16 198)(χ2=88.14, P<0.001). The detection rates of basal cell hyperplasia, low grade intraepithelial neoplasia, high grade intraepithelial neoplasia and esophageal squamous cell cancer of males were 4.17%(302/7 246),17.22%(1 248/7 246),1.67%(121/7 246),0.83%(60/7 246),and were higher than that of females(3.45%(290/8 417),14.82%(1 247/8 417),1.41%(119/8 417),0.48%(40/8 417), respectively). Except for high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, the detection rates of male were higher than that of female (P values were 0.018,<0.001,0.960,0.006) . The detection rates of all grades of precursor lesions increased with age rising(all P values <0.001), among which the detection rates of the mentioned four lesions for 40-44 years old were 2.69%(94/3 500),8.11%(284/3 500),0.40%(14/3 500), 0.14%(5/3 500), and that of 65-69 years old were 5.46% (46/843), 23.25% (196/843), 3.68% (31/843), 2.14% (18/843). The proportion of esophageal precursor lesion of Linzhou were higher than that of Feicheng observably except for esophageal squamous cell cancer (P values were<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,0.437). The detection rates of the four lesions of Linzhou and Feicheng were 4.90%(504/10 287),17.37%(1 787/10 287),1.79%(184/1 0287),0.60%(62/10 287) and 1.64%(88/5 376),13.17%(708/5 376),1.04%(56/5 376),0.71%(38/5 376).The 95%CI of detection rates of various lesions were, 3.78%(3.48%-4.08%) for basal cell hyperplasia, 15.93%(15.37%-16.50%) for low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia,12.31% (11.79%-12.82%)for mild dysplasia and 3.62% (3.33%-3.91%) for moderate hyperplasia, 1.53%(1.34%-1.72%) for high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and 0.64%(0.51%-0.76%) for esophageal squamous cell cancer, respectively. Conclusion Up to 21.88%residents that were asymptomatic were suffered from esophageal squamous cancer or precursor lesions in high-risk areas in China. The distribution of esophageal squamous cell cancer and precursor lesions was closely related to the gender and the age, which suggested that males were supposed to be paid more attention to.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of cervical anastomotic leakage after thoracoscopic?lapacoscopic esophagectomy. Methods 530 patients with esophageal cancer underwent thoracoscopic?lapacoscopic esophagectomy at the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from Jan 2011 to Dec 2015. The demographic, surgical and clinical data of patients were retrospectively analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate risk factors of cervical anastomotic leakage in these patients. Results A total of 530 patients undergoing thoracoscopic?lapacoscopic esophagectomy were enrolled in this study. There were 421 males and 109 females. The mean age was (59.40±8.08) years old, and 91 patients with cervical anastomotic leakage. Sigle factor analysis revealed that the risk grading by American Society of Aneshesiologists, previous history of chest surgery, respiratory comorbidity, diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide of the lung, operation time, anastomosis, average days of postoperative hospitalization, death within 30 days after surgery, respiratory complications, pleural effusion or empyema, and poor healing of the incision were statistically associated with cervical anastomotic leakage (all P＜0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that previous history of chest surgery, hepatic insufficiency, manual anastomosis, prolonged postoperative hospitalization, and poor healing of the incision were independent risk factors for cervical anastomotic leakage after thoracoscopic?lapacoscopic esophagectomy ( all P＜0.05 ). Conclusions Previous history of chest surgery, hepatic insufficiency, poor healing of the incision, manual anastomosis and prolonged postoperative hospitalization were significantly associated with cervical anastomotic leakage after thoracoscopic?lapacoscopic esophagectomy. It′s important to strengthen perioperative nursing and surgical techniques to prevent anastomotic leakage after thoracoscopic?lapacoscopic esophagectomy.

Objective? To compare the evaluation result of 10 symptoms including poor appetite in cancer patients during chemotherapy from the patients and their nurses, in order to improve the assessment and judgment ability of the responsible nurses on the symptoms of patients undergoing chemotherapy through the analysis of the result. Methods? The study was performed in the chemotherapy unit of a cancer ClassⅢGrade A hospital in Beijing. By convenience sampling, a total of 192 patients undergoing chemotherapy from October 2017 to January 2018 and the nurses (n=16) who were primarily responsible for their care were selected as participants. Symptom assessments were completed by the use of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS). Results? Patients and nurses showed poor agreement in Depression, Anxiety and Shortness of breath (ICC＜ 0.4) and moderate agreement (0.4 ≤ICC＜ 0.75) in other symptoms. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the results of symptom assessment between patients and responsible nurses. Among the 10 entries in ESAS, there was no statistical difference between the results in poor quality of life (Z=-1.627, P=0.104), however, there were statistical differences in all the rest 9 entries (P＜0.05) among which the nurses scored higher than the patients in the entry of anxiety and depression. Conclusions? Responsible nurses' perception on physical symptoms was better than that of psychological symptoms, and there was overestimation and underestimation in the severity of symptoms. It is necessary for the nurses to teach the patients how to use standard assessment tools and through health education, raise the patients' awareness of reporting their symptoms.