Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of lamivudine combined with thymosin α1 therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B.Methods Sixty-eight eligible patients with chronic hepatitis B were enrolled in this multi-center randomized controlled rlinical trial.Patients were randomized into the trial group and the control group(n=34 for each).Patients in trial group received thymosin α1 for 6 months and lamivudine for 12 menths:patients in control group received lamivudine for 12 months only.The rates of serum HBV DNA clearance.HBeAg loss,HBeAg seroconversion,ALT normalization and the safety of thymosin α1 were observed at 3rd.6th,12th and 18th month during and after the treatment.Results At 12th month of the treatment,there were significant differences in the rates of serum HBV DNA clearance,HBeAg loss and ALT normalization between two groups(χ2=31.17,7.17 and 5.92,P＜0.05);at 6th month after the treatment.there were significant differences in the rates of sernm HBV DNA clearance and HBeAg loss between two groups(χ2=4.53 and 7.17,P＜0.05).HBV DNA was not detected in 2 patients during 6-month follow-up study and no sever side effect was observed throughout the study.Conclusion The conlbination of lamivudine and thymosin α1 is safe and has better effect than the monotherapy of lamivudine in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Objective To evaluate the application of cervical lateral mass plate fixation in the treatment of fracture and dislocation of lower cervical spine. Methods From February 2001 to June 2003, 21 cases of lower cervical spine injury were treated by cervical lateral mass plating fixation, received spinal decompression and reduction according to the types of fracture and dislocation. A cervical lateral mass plate was applied in each lateral mass. The screw prick point was defined at 1-2 mm inner and lower to the mass center. The sagital angle, horizontal angle of internal fixation screw were 45 degrees and 25-30 degree respectively. Results The follow up ranged from nine months to two years and nine months (mean 13 months). All cases were encouraged to sit up, wearing soft collar 4-7 days after the surgery. The mean off-bed time of those cases without spinal cord injuries less than Frankel C grade were seven days (4-14 days) after operation. All cases obtained solid bony fusion 4-6 months postoperatively. Sixteen cases with spinal cord injury improved for one grade according to American Spinal Injury Association. Three cases with nerve root injury obtained complete recovery after operation. There was no severe complication such as vertebral artery nerve root or spinal cord injuries or aggravation of spinal cord injury. One case had uneven reduction and two suffered screw loosening. Conclusion Cervical lateral mass plate fixation is an efficient and reliable technique for segmental posterior fixation, for it has the advantages of wide indication, relatively simple and safe operating as well as strong stability.

Objective To investigate the clinical epidemiologic characteristics of patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection post blood transfusion.Methods The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELlSA)were used to detect HCV RNA and antiHCV,respectively.Analysis was performed for patients' age distribution,cause of primary diseases,exposure years,ingredient and amount of transfusion,incubation period and liver function damage.The statistical processing were performed with chi-square test,t-test and correlation analysis.Results HCV RNA levels were higher than 3.0 log10 copy/mL in 85.3%infected patients with a median of 5.99log10 copy/mL,among which 19.7%patients showed viral load 3.0 to 4.0 log10 copy/mL and 69.9%showed 5.0 to 6.0 log10 copy/mL.Eighty-one point six percent(40/49)of infected persons were confirmed as HCV RNA positive by HCV RNA qualitative analysis,while 99.7%(383/384)patientswere detected as anti-HCV positive by serological test.The sensitivity of serological test was higher than both HCV RNA quantitative and qualitative assays(F=57.138,P=0.000;F=63.149,P=0.000,respectively).HCV infection post blood transfusion was more common in people of 30 to 60years old.Most cases(84.4%)got the first time exposure during 1990 to 1994.More than 10%cases had primary disease as obstetrics, orthopedics or gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage. Eighty percent received whole blood product transfusion.The mean interval between transfusion and clinical diagnosis was (86.0±54.6 ) months. Eighty nine percent of infected patients had liver function damage, while most of them showed elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) with no more than 5 upper limits of normal (ULN). Conclusions Post transfusion HCV infection mainly happened in adulthood. Infected patients usually have liver function damage with elevated ALT with no more than 5 ULN and medium HCV RNA levels.

From the ethanol extract of Adina rubella;twelve compounds were isolated by silica gel and ODS col-umn chromatography.Their structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis as:5;7-dihydroxy-2-methyl-chromone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(1);scopolin(2);(+)-lyoniresinol-3a-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(3);(6S;7R;8R)-7a-[(β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]lyoniresinol(4);harman-3-carboxylic acid(5);lyaloside(6);3-oxoquinovid acid(7);oleanolic acid(8);3-acetyl oleanolic acid(9);quinovic acid 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-28-O-β-L-rham-nopyranosyl ester(10);quinovic acid 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosiyl-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester(11)and pyrocin-cholic acid 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-28-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 →6)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl]ester(12). Compounds 3;4;6;8-10 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective:To explore whether there is self-positivity bias in implicit information processing among college students with depressive traits.Methods:Forty-two college students of the depressive-trait group [Trait Depression Scale (T-DEP) T＞60 and Trait Anxiety Inventory (T-AI) T＜60] and 42 cases of the non-depressive-trait control group [T-DEP and T-AI T＜60] were selected.They performed positive and negative words judgment tasks under self or other primed conditions by adopting the supraliminal attitude-prime paradigm, and the difference in reaction time between the two groups was compared.Result:The interaction effects between primed conditions and emotional words in depressive-trait group were not significant [F (1, 41) =1.56, P=0.218].There was significant interaction effect between primed conditions and emotional words in the control group [F (1, 41) =55.43, P＜0.001], and the reaction time of self-positive words and other-negative words in self-positivity bias was shorter than other-positive words and self-negative words outside the bias [ (602.64±20.03) ms, (654.56±20.41) ms vs. (663.19±20.78) ms, (678.64±20.70) ms, Ps＜0.001].Conclusion:It suggests that there may be no self-positivity bias in the implicit information processing of depressive-trait college students, and non-depressive-trait ones show the implicit self-positivity bias.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of mucosal vascular pattern (MVP) under narrow-band imaging (NBI) enteroscopy in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in clinical remission for histological healing and clinical recurrence.Methods:A total of 142 patients with UC in clinical remission who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University from January 2018 to January 2021 were included in the study and underwent colonoscopy. The white light and NBI endoscopic images were collected and biopsies were obtained. The Mayo endoscopic score (MES) was calculated based on white light images, and MVP staging was evaluated based on mucosal vascular patterns under NBI. Nancy index (NI) was used to evaluate histological healing and patients were followed up for 1 year. The Spearman correlation coefficients of MES and MVP with histological healing and recurrence were calculated. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted and the area under curve (AUC) was applied to evaluate the accuracy of white light and NBI endoscopy for predicting histological healing of UC in clinical remission.Results:According to the MVP criteria, 47 were defined as clear, 63 blurred, and 32 invisible. Spearman correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between MVP under NBI and histological healing ( r=0.549, P<0.001) and a moderate correlation between MES under white light and histological healing ( r=0.462, P<0.001). Spearman correlation analysis showed a moderate correlation between MVP under NBI and clinical recurrence ( r=0.451, P<0.001) and a moderate correlation between MES under white light and clinical recurrence ( r=0.352, P<0.001). AUC of NBI for diagnosing histological healing of UC in clinical remission was 0.809 (95% CI: 0.738-0.879), with a sensitivity of 84.6% (77/91) and specificity of 64.7% (33/51), superior to the white light endoscopy, of which AUC, sensitivity and specificity were 0.763 (95% CI: 0.678-0.848), 81.3% (74/91) and 66.7% (34/51). Conclusion:MVP staging under NBI could predict histological healing of UC patients in clinical remission and is superior to white light endoscopy.

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect and safety of entecavir capsules in the treatment of treatment-naïve HBeAg-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods: A total of 158 HBeAg-positive CHB patients were given oral entecavir capsules at a dose of 0.5 mg/time once a day for 144 weeks. Clinical outcome and safety were evaluated at baseline and at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 weeks of treatment respectively. The Fisher’s exact test was used for the analysis of categorical data. Results: After 144 weeks of treatment, 90.91% of all patients achieved virologic response (< 69 IU/ml), the normalization rate of alanine aminotransferase was 88.18%, the clearance rate of HBeAg was 33.33%, and the seroconversion rate of HBeAg was 24.07%. Of all patients, 2 dropped out due to adverse events and 5 experienced serious adverse reactions. Conclusion Entecavir capsules can inhibit viral replication and have good safety in treatment-naïve HBeAg-positive CHB patients.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir (Nanjing Zhengda Tianqing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) combined with ribavirin in patients with genotype 2 chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Methods: Treatment-naïve or treatment experienced genotype 2 chronic hepatitis C patients from sixteen research centers of China were screened. All subjects received once-daily dose of sofosbuvir (400 mg) combined with ribavirin (body weight < 75 kg, 1 000 mg/day, 400 mg in the morning and 600 mg in the evening; body weight > 75 kg, 1 200 mg/d, 600 mg in the morning and 600 mg in the evening) for 12 weeks. Patients were followed-up for a period of 12 weeks after discontinuation of treatment. Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The proportion of subjects with virologic response at different follow-up time points and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by maximum likelihood ratio and Clopper-Pearson interval. Results: 132 cases with genotype 2 chronic hepatitis C virus infection from sixteen research centers of China were included, 12 cases of whom were associated with cirrhosis, and the remaining 120 cases were not associated with cirrhosis. One hundred and thirty-one cases completed the study, and one patient lost to follow-up at week 4 after the end of treatment. The sustained virological response rate was 96.2% (95% confidence interval: 92.37% - 99.16%) after 12 weeks of drug withdrawal. Virological relapse occurred in four cases. Of the 132 subjects enrolled in the study, 119 (90.2%) reported 617 adverse events during treatment, of which 359 (76.5%) were TEAE related to sofosbuvir and/or ribavirin. There were nine TEAEs of grade 3 and above, and six cases (4.5%) of them had six severe adverse events. Only one serious adverse event was associated with sofosbuvir and ribavirin (unstable angina pectoris). There were no adverse events leading to drug discontinuation or death. Conclusion Sofosbuvir combined with ribavirin has a high SVR rate in the treatment of genotype 2 chronic hepatitis C virus infection, and most of the adverse events occurred were mild with acceptable safety profile.