AIM: To investigate the effect of glycyrrhizin(GZ) and glycyrrhefinic acid(GA) on reducing the toxicity of Radix Aconiti Laterlis(RAL) and its mechanisms of action. METHODS: Radix Aconiti Laterlis(RAL),RAL with Radix Glycyrrhizae(RG),RAL with GZ,RAL with GA were boiled for 30 min,respectively.HPLC was used to measure the concentrations of aconitine and hypaconitine in the different decoctions.Meanwhile,the acute toxicity of the above decoctions was determined by oral and intraperitoneal administration in mice respectively. RESULTS: By oral administration,the acute toxicity of the decoctions of RG with RAL and GE with RAL was obviously lower than that of RAL.The acute toxicity of the decoction of GA with RAL was slightly reduced when compared with that of RAL.By intraperitoneal administration,the acute toxicity of GA with RAL was obviously higher than that of RAL.RG significantly restrained the dissolution of alkalines contained in RAL into the decoction.But GA and GZ increased the dissolution of the alkalines. CONCLUSION: By oral administration,RG could reduce the acute toxieity of RAL.Restraint on the dissolution of the toxic alkalines contained in RAL into the decoction may be in part the reasons.But GA and GZ are not the effective components reducing the dissolution of the toxic alkalines.They may combine with the toxic alkalines,postpone the absorption of the combined compounds through gastrointestinal tract,and reduce the acute toxicity of RAL by oral administration.

Objective:To establish an ICP-MS method to determine the contents, extraction and migration of Mg and Al in poly-propylene infusion bottles. Methods:An ignition pretreatment method was adopted to determine the contents of Mg and Al in the mate-rials. Five different extraction media with extreme extraction were used to extract and test Mg and Al in polypropylene infusion bottles. Three injections commonly used in clinics were put into polypropylene infusion bottles to carry out accelerated experiment, and the con-tents of Mg and Al were determined by ICP-MS. Results:Mg and Al both had a good linear relationship within the range of 0. 025-1. 0μg·ml-1 (r =0.999 8 and 0.999 0). The recoveries for polypropylene infusion bottles and extraction and migration test were 93. 77%-105. 0% and 96. 53%-103. 89% with RSD of 0. 4%-6. 9% and 1. 0%-7. 1%(n=9), respectively. Conclusion:The meth-od is accurate, sensitive and simple, which can provide reference for the safety data of polypropylene infusion bottles.

Fifty cases with chronic rheumatic valvular disease were examined with two dimensional echocardiography to evaluate the valvular pathology preoperatively. The echocardiographic findings were correlated and compared with the operative findings.It was found that 89% of the thickening pattern cases and 75% of the funnel-shaped cases showed thickening of the leaf-lets- All the 28 membranous cases showed diastolic doming and restricted tip motion of the anterior leaflet in different degrees. In the 4 funnel-shaped cases, 3 showed restricted tip and body motion of the leaflets and the 4th case showed stiffness of the leaflet base. 63% of the mitral regurgitation cases were confirmed at operation.It is concluded that preoperative evaluation of the valvular pathology with two dimensional echocardiography is helpful in selection of suitable operative candidates.

Forty-eight cases of atrial septum secundum defect were repaired and followed up with M-mode echocardiography postoperatively for three months to three yaers respectively.All the cases showed a significant reduction of the inner diameter of the right ventricle after operation,and in 23% of the cases, the inner diameter even returned to the normal range. In 92% of the acses, the intervetricular septal paradoxical motion resumed the normal pattern. In most cases, the inner diameter of the left ventricle increased markedly.In 11 cases with repeated follow-up studies, it was found that three months after operation, the interventricular septal paradoxical motion became normal in 7 cases and the motion flattened in three cases. In 18 cases with a 3-year follow-up history, it was found that the recovery of the heart condition showed no relation to the age of the patient. This is likely to suggest that the age factor exerts no influence on the postoperative recovery of the cases having the atrial septal defect repaired.

Objective:To explore the changes of corneal neuropathy and ocular surface flora in patients with type 2 diabetes, and the correlation between corneal neuropathy and ocular surface flora changes.Methods:According to the results of fundus fluorescein angiography, 65 patients with type 2 diabetes (130 eyes in total) who were treated with insulin alone and without comorbid retinopathy in the Department of Endocrinology, Henan People′s Hospital from March to June 2019 were selected. Sixty-five age-matched normal glucose tolerance subjects (130 eyes in total) were also enrolled. Confocal microscopy was performed and conjunctival sac secretions were collected. Through 16S rRNA analysis and sequencing and PICRUSt bacterial gene function prediction, the relationship between patients with type 2 diabetes and the difference in the degree of corneal neuropathy and the composition of ocular surface flora and function prediction in healthy people were explored, and the correlation between corneal neuropathy and ocular surface flora was analyzed as well.Results:Compared with healthy people, patients with type 2 diabetes have more severe corneal neuropathy, and it was related to the changes in ocular surface flora. Brevibacillus and paenibacillus were significantly positively correlated with the degree of corneal neuropathy ( P<0.05), and enhydrobacter and proteobacteria were significantly negatively correlated with the degree of corneal neuropathy ( P<0.05). PICRUSt analysis showed that the degree of enrichment of metabolism-related genes in the ocular surface flora of patients with type 2 diabetes was significantly changed compared with healthy people. Conclusion:Patients with type 2 diabetes present with more severe corneal neuropathy. The diversity of ocular surface flora and metabolic function have significant changes. The degree of severity corneal neuropathy is related to brevibacillus, paenibacillus, enhydrobacter, and proteobacteria.

Objective:To analyze the differences of ocular surface bacteria between patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy subjects, and to explore the relationship between ocular surface bacteria and type 2 diabetic keratopathy.Methods:Fifty subjects were selected and divided into type 2 diabetes group and healthy control group. Bacterial culture of conjunctival sac secretion was conducted and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to analyze the difference in the composition of ocular surface bacteria between patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy subjects.Results:There were significant differences in the diversity of ocular surface bacteria between patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy subjects. The species of bacillus brevis and paenibacillus in type 2 diabetes group were significantly higher than those of the healthy control group, while the species of aquatic bacteria were lower.Conclusion:The differences in the composition of ocular surface bacteria may be related to type 2 diabetes mellitus.