Objective To assess the changes in blood coagulation after infusion of hydroxyethyl starch 45/ 0.7(molecular weight = 450000 Dalton, 70% of glucose units have been substituted) ,200/0.62, 200/0.5 and 130/0.4.Methods Forty rabbits weighing (2.6 ?0.5)kg were randomly divided into 5 groups of 8 animals each: group I HES450/0.7; group II HES 200/0.62; group III HES200/0.5; group IV HES 130/0.4; group V 0.9% NaCl. The animals were anesthetized with intramuscular seconal and ketamine. Hydroxyethyl starch or normal saline was infused at 10 ml?kg-1?h-1 for 3 h. Blood samples were taken before and 1,2,3 h after staring the infusion for determination of prothrombin time ( PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and fibrinogen level (FIb) and thromboelastograph examination (TEG) .Results (1) After infusion of 30 ml?kg-1 HES 450/0.7 or 200/0.62 (in group I and II ) R time (representing the rate of initial fibrin formation) and K time (coagulation time) were significantly prolonged (P

Objective To assess the effects of gelatine and 6% hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 (HES 200 / 0.5) on phagocytic activity of human neutrophils and monocytes using flow cytometry.Methods Thirty-three ASA Ⅰ - Ⅱ patients aged 18-70 years scheduled for urological minor surgery were randomly divided into three equal groups of eleven patients :group I gelatine;group II HES 200 / 0.5 and group Ⅲ lactated Ringer's solution (LR) . 10 ml?kg-1 of gelatine, HES or LR was infused over 60 min and venous blood samples were taken before infusion and 1 h after the start of infusion for determination of phagocytes with ingested FITC-labeled E coli by flow cytometry. Results In gelatine group the percentage of neutrophils and monocytes with phagocytic activity decreased significantly after infusion ( P

OBJECTIVEThe aim of the present study is to investigate the prognosis and influencing factors of crown-fractured young permanent teeth with pulp exposure.

METHODSCase records of crown-fractured young permanent teeth with pulp exposure in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology during 1991 to 2008 with more than 2 years follow-up were collected. These patients were treated with pulpotomy at the first visit at our hospital no matter whether these teeth were treated or untreated with direct pulp capping. The age of patients, interval between trauma and treatment, root development, mobility and tenderness to percussion were recorded. The prognosis was analyzed and Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors.

RESULTSTotally 118 cases satisfied the inclusion criteria, including 136 crown-fractured teeth with pulp exposure. The patients of (8.8 +/- 1.2) years old were periodically monitored for (46.1 +/- 22.0) months. The success rate of pulpotomy after pulp exposure was 85.3%. Pulp necrosis occurred in 20 teeth (25.0 +/- 19.0) months after trauma. The extent of tenderness to percussion showed significant correlation with pulp necrosis, while the age of the patients, interval between injury and treatment, and mobility of the teeth were not related to pulp necrosis.

CONCLUSIONThe success rate of pulpotomy after pulp exposure is good. Tenderness to percussion is an important signal of pulp necrosis. There are no evidence about the relationship between the patient's age, interval between injury and treatment, mobility of the pulp-exposed teeth and the pulp prognosis.

Age Factors ; Child ; Crowns ; Dental Pulp ; Dental Pulp Exposure ; Dental Pulp Necrosis ; Humans ; Incisor ; Male ; Prognosis ; Pulpotomy ; Retrospective Studies ; Root Canal Therapy ; Tooth Crown ; Tooth Fractures

Objective To explore the effects of problem-based bedside nursing teaching in clinical teaching. Methods Totally 247 college nursing students were recruited in the study from July 2016 to June 2017. The 118 students were in the experimental group which implemented problem-based bedside nursing teaching,while 129 students were in the control group which implemented traditional teaching.The teaching effects of two groups at the end of practice was compared with mini-CEX. Results The clinical nursing comprehensive ability of the experimental group was 6.42±1.45,the control group was 5.25±1.35,the difference was statistically significant(t=15.73,P=0.000).The clinical teaching effect of the experimental group was better than that of control group,41.53%(49/118)and 51.69%(61/118)met the requirements and reached excellence, and 62.79%(81/129)and 19.38%(25/129)in the control group.The difference was statistically significant (Z=-5.35, P=0.000). Conclusions The model of bedside teaching based on problem can significantly improve nursing students'clinical nursing comprehensive ability and improve clinical teaching effect.

Objective To study the clinical effect of chlorhexidine acetate solution for oral care in patients with endotracheal intubation. Methods From February 2017 to August 2017, 160 patients with tracheal intubation in our department were divided into the observation group (80 cases) and the control group (80 cases) by random number table method. The observation group was treated with chlorhexidine acetate solution, and the control group used the compound Borax solution for oral care. The oral condition score, the positive rate of oral bacterial culture, the incidence rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia were compared between two groups. Results In the observation group, the oral condition score and the positive rate of oral bacterial culture were 10.29 ± 2.04 and 16.25% (13/80) on the 3rd day after theoral care. In the control group, the oral condition score and the positive rate of oral bacterial culture were 12.79 ± 1.97 and 31.25%(25/80) on the 3rd day after the oral care. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups (t=-7.895, P<0.01; χ2=4.970, P<0.05). The incidence and occurrence time of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the observation group were 7.50% (6/80), (9.33±1.37) d. The incidence and occurrence time of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the control group were 18.75% (15/80), (5.87 ± 1.06) d. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=4.440, P<0.05; t=6.248, P<0.01). Conclusions The chlorhexidine acetate flushing oral care can significantly improve dental status, reduce the positive rate of oral bacterial culture and the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, and prolong the occurrence time of ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with endotracheal intubation.

Screening has been proven to be effective for the control of colorectal cancer (CRC).The target of CRC screening is shifting from CRC to colorectal neoplasia (CN),the precursors of CRC.Based on the the latest national guideline,the Consensus of Screening for CRC and CN,and the recent research of precursors both at home and abroad.This paper summarizes the progress in the research of risk factors,risk prediction model,screening strategy optimization,colonoscopy quality control,sessile serrated adenoma identification and follow up as well as the recognition of precursors.