ObjectiveTo investigate serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level in people with different glucose tolerances and to explore the relationship between LPS and insulin resistance/β-cell secretory function.Methods Sixty-seven subjects were recruited,including 23 with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes ( T2DM),21 impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT),and 23 normal glucose tolerance (NGT).Serum LPS was assayed by limulus amebocyte lysate test ;expression of LPS toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on surface of plasma monocytes was measured by flow cytometric assays,and the changes of LPS levels by 0.5 hours and 2 hours after a high-fat diet were detected.Insulin resistance was evaluated by homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR); β-cell secretory function was evaluated by homeostasis model assessment for β3 cell function ( HOMA-β )/HOMA-IR,increment in insulin in the first 30 minutes/increment in glucose in the first 30 minutes ( AIns30/ΔG30)/HOMA-IR,AUCIns120min/HOMA-IR.Results2 h LPS levels after a high-fat diet were significantly higher than fasting LPS levels [ NGT:0.96(0.33,0.99)vs 0.62 (0.22,0.64),IGT:1.08(0.53,1.22)vs 0.71 (0.39,0.82),T2DM:1.23 (0.62,1.43)vs 0.86( 0.45,0.94 ),EU/ml,all P＜0.01 ].Fasting,0.5 h,and 2 h LPS levels and fasting TLR4 levels of T2 DM group and IGT group were respectively higher than those of NGT group [ fasting LPS:0.86( 0.45,0.94 ),0.71 ( 0.39,0.82 ) vs 0.62(0.22,0.64),EU/ml;0.5 h LPS:1.10(0.55,1.18),0.84(0.50,1.07) vs 0.73(0.31,0.76),EU/ml;2 h LPS:1.23(0.62,1.43),1.08(0.53,1.22)vs 0.96(0.33,0.99),EU/ml; fasting TLR4:36.96( 17.22,55.19),30.34 ( 15.00,45.18 )vs 15.66 (6.09,9.76),MIF/105 cells,all P＜0.01 ].Fasting LPS,AUCLPS 120 min,and fasting TLR4 were positively correlated with insulin resistance index and negatively correlated with β-cell secretory function index ( P＜0.05 ).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that fasting LPS was an independent correlative factor of HOMA-IR and 0.5 h LPS was an independent correlative factor of (AIns30/AG30)/HOMA-IR and AUCIns Ins120min/HOMA-IR.ConclusionPeople with different glucose tolerances show differed LPS levels and its receptor TLR4 levcls,both of which are correlated with insulin resistance and β-cell secretory function,suggesting that LPS is associated with the pathogenesis of abnormal glucose regulation.

Objective To systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of resuscitation-inducing acupuncture for post-stroke dysphasia. Methods The randomized controlled trials ( RCTs) of resuscitation-inducing acupuncture for post-stroke dysphasia were searched in the domestic and overseas databases such as CBM, CNKI, Weipu VIP, Wanfang Data, PubMed, Web of Science, EMbase and the Cochrane Library ( from the founded date to December of 2014) . Literature screening, information extracting and literature quality assessment were done by 2 reviewers independently. RevMan5.3.0 software was used for Meta analysis. Results A total of 8 RCTs were included into the analysis, involving in 766 cases. The results of Meta analysis showed:( 1) for patients in the recovery stage of stroke, 4-week resuscitation-inducing acupuncture combined with routine treatment including internal medicine plus swallowing function training or not had better efficiency than the control group without resuscitation-inducing acupuncture (P<0.001) ; (2) for patients in the acute stage, the difference of efficiency between the combination group and the control group was insignificant (P=0.05); (3) The efficiency of resuscitation-inducing acupuncture combined with routine treatment for the complication of pulmonary infection stayed uncertain. Conclusion Resuscitation-inducing acupuncture combined with routine treatment is recommended to the patients with dysphasia in the recovery stage of recovery. But the cure time window, treatment course and effectiveness evaluation still need to be confirmed by more large-scale, high-quality randomized controlled trials.