Objective To investigate the HIV/AIDS knowledge,attitude and behavior among undergraduates from different universities in Kunming and to provide scientific basis for health education strategy.Methods Stratified random cluster sampling method was applied and an anonymous questionnaire was conducted in 879 first and second year students from three universities in Kunming (Kunming Medical University,Yunnan University and Yunnan Art Institute).Results Undergraduates from different universities in Kunming performed differently on cognition of HIV/AIDS knowledge.Cognitive level in Yunnan Art Institute was relatively low while no obvious difference was found in Kunming Medical University and Yunnan University.No significant difference in the attitude toward HIV/AIDS was found in the three universities.Differences were found in protective behaviors and attitudes on preventing HIV/AIDS infection among three universities.Conclusion There are different cognition on HIV/AIDS knowledge,attitude and behavior among undergraduates from different type universities in Kunming.Cognition on HIV/AIDS related knowledge is relatively weak among Art college students,who should be targeted to strengthen health education.

Objective To evaluate the protective effects of Rosemary's chloroform extract on cerebral ischemia in mice and acute toxicity.Methods The protective of rosemary's chloroform extract on cerebral ischemia was observed and compared by the mice models of cerebral anoxia and ischemia,thrombus formation in vivo,and chloroform induced arrhythmias.Rosemary's Chloroform Extract was given orally to mice to evaluate acute toxicity.Results Rosemary's chloroform extract had different degrees of inhibition of collagen-the adrenaline induced thrombus formation,and prolonged acute ischemic mice brains off mouth breathing time and increase the number of mouth breathing (P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01);Chloroform extract significantly reduced the incidence of chloroform induced ventricular arrhythmias.Acute toxicity results suggested that a female rat died in the next day of chloroform extract group,no additional toxicity was observed.Conclusion Rosemary's chloroforrm extract has significant protective effect on cerebral ischemia and hypoxia in mice.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the therapeutical effect and toxicity of home-made paclitaxel and cisplatin combination in metastatic breast cancer.Methods Home-made paclitaxel 175 mg/m2,d1 intravenous drip,cisplatin 80 mg/m2,d1-3 intravenous drip,21-28 d was one cycle,all patients continuous course treatment for 2-6 cycles,then the effect was evaluated.ResultsAll the patients received meso-cycle were 4 (2-6) cycles chemotherapy.The total effective rate was 56.60％ (30/53),disease control rate was 81.13％(43/53 ).The rates of internal organ metastasis and non-internal organ metastasis,before menopause and after menopause had no significant difference [56.76％ (21/37) vs.56.25％ (9/16),59.09％ (13/22) vs.54.84％ ( 17/31 ),P ＞ 0.05 ].The median existence time for all the patients was 18.8 ( 12-27 ) months.The survival rate was 56.60％ (30/53) and 30.19％ (16/53) for 1 and 2 years respectively.The major toxieities were gastrointestinal reaction,alopeoia and myelosuppression,the rates of nerve and heart toxicities were less,15.09％ (8/53) and 7.55％ (4/53) respectively.ConclusionThe therapeutic effect of home-made paclitaxel and cisplatin combination in metastatic breast cancer is good,it is to be worth to spread in clinic.

Objective To investigate the forensic characteristics of death cases of Acute Interstitial Pneumonia (AIP), so as to provide references for forensic assessment of AIP. Methods The data of 27 AIP death cases were retrospectively analyzed. The data included the population characteristics, toxicology, pathology and causes of death. Results All 27 patients had clinical symptoms including fever, cough and chest tightness, 25 patiens of them were treated as upper respiratory tract infection in local hospital, and finally died of deteriorating condition. The forensic diagnosis after autopsy showed the 27 cases were died of respiratory failure caused by AIP. Conclusion AIP is a disease with rapid progression and often leads to medical disputes,the patient's families often have different opinion on the death cause of patients with the hospital,so forensic identification of the cause of death is conducive to resolve the disputes.

Objective To investigate the forensic characteristics of death cases of EV71 through retrospective analysis of 9 death forensic cases of Enterovirus 71 (EV71) . Methods Nine cases of EV71 death cases were collected,and the population characteristics, histopathological change,toxicology,pathology and causes of death of these cases were discussed. Results All 9 patients had fever, cough, emesis, and were treated as influenza or hand-foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in local hospitals, the condition was still deteriorating and finally died. The 9 autopsy cases were diagnosed as brain stem encephalitis and death in forensic diagnose. Conclusion The HFMD disease caused by EV71 infection progresses rapidly often leads to medical disputes, the patient's family and hospital's opinions on the causes of death in patients are often different,identifying the cause of death is conducive to resolve the disputes.

Objective The study aimed to establish a kind of simple,rapid,accurate and reliable method in order to simultaneous determine the phenobarbital,ibuprofen and nikethamide in the biomaterial. Methods The biomaterial were pre-treated with ethanol(v/v 95%)at pH 3~4 and then was extracted with ethyl acetate at pH 3~4 and 10~11,respectively. Finally,phenobarbital,ibuprofen and nikethamide in the biomaterial were simultaneous detected by GC-MS. The retention times and relevant characteristic fragment ions of the three substances in the total ion current(TIC)and the mass spectrogram could be used as the basis of qualitative analysis. Results The method was simple and easy operation. It has the characteristics of low background interference,good separation effect and fast analytical speed. The retention times of phenobarbital,ibuprofen and nikethamide were 8.472 min,7.087 min and 6.655 min,respectively. The characteristic fragment ions of phenobarbital were 204 and 232(m/z),of ibuprofen were 161 and 206(m/z),and of nikethamide were 106 and 177(m/z). Conclusion The method showed a satisfactory result that it could be applied to simultaneous determine phenobarbital,ibuprofen and nikethamide of the biomaterial for forensic toxicological analysis.

Objective To evaluate the rehabilitating effect of hyperbaric oxygen on visual pathway lesions with blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods Sixteen patients with visual pathway lesions (the study group) and twelve healthy volunteers (the control group) were assessed using BOLD-fMRI and DTI. After hyperbaric oxygen therapy, the patients in the study group were again assessed using BOLD-fMRI and DTI. The activated regions of the BOLD-fMRI scan and the fractional anisotropy (FA) value determined from the DTI were calculated. Results Before hyperbaric oxygen treatment, there were significant differences between control and study groups in their BOLD-fMRI activated regions and the FA values of their radiation optics (P≤0.01). After hyperbaric oxygen treatment, there were no significant differences. Conclusion Combining BOLD-fMRI with DT1 could be used to evaluate the rehabilitation effect of hy-perbaric oxygen treatment in patients with visual pathway lesions.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of low-tube-voltage, low injection rate, low contrast agent dosage in combination with iterative model reconstruction ( IMR) algorithm in CT angiography ( CTA) of the head-and-neck vessels .Methods Sixty patients who underwent CT angiography of the head-and-neck vessels were randomly divided into groups A and B with 30 cases in each group .Patients in group A received a conventional scan with 120 kVp and filterback projected ( FBP) reconstruction .Patients in group B received a low-dose scan with 80 kVp, and image reconstruction with FBP ( group B1) and IMR (group B2)algorithm.The contrast agent protocol were as follows: the injection time in all patients was 10s, the injection rate was 4.5-5.5 ml/s in group A while 3.5-4.0 ml/s in group B.The CT values of artery, image noise, signal to noise ratio ( SNR) and contrast to noise ratio ( CNR) were measured and compared among three groups with One-way ANOVA analysis . Image quality was evaluated by two radiologists with five scale method , and compared with Kruskal-Wallis test .The CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and dose length product ( DLP) were recorded and compared between groups with two independent samples t-test.Results The image quality scores of groups A , B1and B2 were 3-5, 2-4 and 3 -5, respectively .Image quality of twelve patients in group B 1 couldn′t meet the diagnostic requirements but none in group A and B 2.The objective image parameters SNR and CNR for group B 2 were equal to group A ( P >0.05), while those for group B1 were lower than group A (t=13.39, 9.45, P<0.05) and group B2 (t=-12.14, -9.96,P<0.05).CTDIvol and DLP for group B were separately 80.9%, 81.3%lower than those of group A(t=39.1, 32.2,P<0.05).The injection rate and contrast agent volume for group B were separately 22.0%, 22.1% lower than those of group A ( t=20.8, 20.8, P<0.01) .Conclusions It is feasible in CT angiography of the head-and-neck vessels with lower tube-voltage, lower injection rate, lower contrast agent dose and combining with iterative model reconstruction algorithm.This protocol can reduce the radiation dose by 81.3% while maintaining image quality .Trial registration Chinese clinical trial registry ,ChiCTR-BOC-16010060.

In order to choose a fast and efficient real-time method in beta wave information extraction, we compared the result and the efficiency of the information separation of both fast Fourier transform (FFT) and wavelet transform of EEG beta band in the present paper. Our work provides the basis for the EEG data come from the real-time health assessment of 3DTV. We took the EEGs of 5 healthy volunteers before, after and during the process of watching 3DTV and meanwhile recorded the results. The trends of the relative energy and the time cost of two methods were compared by using both the FFT and wavelet packet transform (WPT) which was to extract the feature of EEG beta wave. It demonstrated that (1) Results of the two methods were consistent in the trends of watching 3DTV; (2) Results of the differences in two methods were consistent before and after watching 3DTV; (3) FFT took less time than the wavelet transform in the same case. It is concluded that the results of both FFT and Wavelet transform are consistent in feature extraction of EEG, and a fast method to work with the large quantities of EEG data obtained in the experiments can be offered in the future.
Algorithms ; Brain ; physiology ; Electroencephalography ; methods ; Fourier Analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Television ; Wavelet Analysis ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficiency of combined finasteride and metformin on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods Totally 106 patients with BPH plus T2DM received finasteride and metformin treatment for over 12months.Before and after treatment,the side effects and following parameters were measured:prostatic volume (PV),prostate-specific antigen(PSA),international prostate symptom score (IPSS),quality of life (QOL),the maximum flow rate of urinary (Qmax),residual urine(RU),body mass index (BMI),cholesterol (TG).Results There were obvious changes in the following:PV decreased from (56.40±18.75)ml to(42.40± 19.68) ml,PSA decreased from(3.65± 1.08) μg/L to (1.76±0.66)μg/L,IPSS decreased from(22.58±9.45)to(16.67±7.56),QOL decreased from(4.22± ±0.87) to (2.36 ± 0.74),Qmax increased from(8.32±2.42)ml/s to(15.48±3.61)ml/s,RU decreased form(68.36±19.25)ml to(36.42±13.91)ml,BMI decreased from(28.52±3.73)kg/m2 to (19.76± 1.88)kg/m2,TG decreased from (2.52 ± 0.43) mmol/L to (1.38 ± 0.52) mmol/L.The changes of PV,PSA,IPSS,QOL,Qmax,RU,BMI and TG were statistically significant (all P＜0.05).Conclusions Long term combined finasteride and metformin treatment for BPH plus T2DM is effective and safe.And the two drugs may be improve the efficacy each other.