Objective To investigate podocyte number, the expression of nephrin and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) in adriamycin-induced-nephropathy rat model and its significance. Methods The rat adriamycin nephrosis model was constructed to detect blood and urine biochemical indicators and observe the pathological changes of renal tissues by light microscope and electron microscope. The expression levels of nephrin and TGF-β1 as well as the podocyte number were examined at different time points by immunohistochemistry. Results The pathological changes of the renal tissues were obvious. Nephrin presented a weak signal at the end of the first week (P<0.05). TGF-β1 started to increase (P<0.05) while the podocyte number started to decrease at the end of the eighth week (P<0.05). Expression of nephrin was negatively correlated with the P<0.05) and serum creatinine (r=-0.71, P<0.05). Expression of TGF-β1 was blood urea nitrogen (r=0.62, P<0.05) and serum creatinine (r=0.59, urinary protein (r=-0.63, P<0.05), blood urea nitrogen (r=-0.72, P<0.05) and serum creatinine (r=-0.76, P<0.05); it was positively correlated with nephrin (r=0.78, P<0.01) but negatively correlated with TGF-β1 (r=-0.64, P<0.05). Conclusion The acute and chronic adriamycin nephrosis models were twice every two weeks. The genesis and development of proteinuria are closely related to the abnormal expression of nephrin. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis occurs when the podocyte number decreases and TGF-β1 accelerates it.

The real-time in vivo measurement method has been urgently needed in the research of pharmacokinetics. In the present paper a new in vivo detection method based on fluorescence spectroscopy has been proposed and the monitoring system has been built which is used for pharmacokinetics studies in rats. The relationship between fluorescence intensity and concentration was obtained. By detecting the fluorescent dye Cypate in real-time in rats, the properties of the system have been validated by comparing with the fluorescence imaging system in vitro. The results showed that the system could be feasible for: (1) The linear regression equation of Cypate concentration in the range of 0.098-25 microg/ml is y = 73.249x + 130.97 (R2 = 0.9991 and P < 0.001). RSD of high, medium and low concentration is 1.23%, 6.29% and 13.48%, respectively, and the detecting sensitivity is 0.0981 g/ml; (2) The fluorescent dye concentration from the system is consistent (r = 0.9925) with the fluorescence imaging system in vitro. The fluorescent dye metabolism in rats can be well detected. It can be concluded that a new real-time in vivo detecting method in the paper can be used in pharmacokinetics research.
Animals ; Fluorescent Dyes ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; methods ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; methods

In order to choose a fast and efficient real-time method in beta wave information extraction, we compared the result and the efficiency of the information separation of both fast Fourier transform (FFT) and wavelet transform of EEG beta band in the present paper. Our work provides the basis for the EEG data come from the real-time health assessment of 3DTV. We took the EEGs of 5 healthy volunteers before, after and during the process of watching 3DTV and meanwhile recorded the results. The trends of the relative energy and the time cost of two methods were compared by using both the FFT and wavelet packet transform (WPT) which was to extract the feature of EEG beta wave. It demonstrated that (1) Results of the two methods were consistent in the trends of watching 3DTV; (2) Results of the differences in two methods were consistent before and after watching 3DTV; (3) FFT took less time than the wavelet transform in the same case. It is concluded that the results of both FFT and Wavelet transform are consistent in feature extraction of EEG, and a fast method to work with the large quantities of EEG data obtained in the experiments can be offered in the future.
Algorithms ; Brain ; physiology ; Electroencephalography ; methods ; Fourier Analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Television ; Wavelet Analysis ; Young Adult