【Objective】 To explore the current information construction and security status in blood banks in China though sampling. so as to provide feasible suggestions for strengthening security management. 【Methods】 The anonymous online questionnaire was issued to a total of 44 blood banks to investigate the information construction status, development of hierarchical protection work, security precautions at all levels of the information system, information operation and maintenance, and emergency response in these institutions. 【Results】 The average investment concerning information construction of 44 blood banks was 12.64 yuan per donor, with a median of 8.1 yuan. The investments of information security accounted for about 22.86% of the total investment, and the informatization construction investment was mainly concentrated in one-time project. The investment in infrastructure was basically equivalent to the that in the core business information system. The blood banks have paid more attention to the importance of information security. 【Conclusion】 Under the complicated situation of information security, the blood banks should further improve the frame work of information security systems and the management level of information security to secure a stable performance of key infrastructure and the privacy of blood donors and patients.

The physiological and pathological phenomenon along the running courses of meridians such as enrichment of small charged molecular, low-resistance, isotope migration, electromyography phenomenon, acoustical conductivity, thermal radiation, magnetic phenomenon and optical-electrical characteristics, etc. are explored in this article. And based on the above mentioned studies, it is concluded that as a physiological sensation along meridians, propagated sensation could only be the result of the reflection of nerve excitation. The direct stimulator of the neural electrical activities of the propagated sensation is the enrichment of charged small biological molecular at the corresponding site of the organism. The root cause of the enrichment is the unique electrophysiological mechanism and distribution discipline of the human nerve fiber, which formed an electric field of biological source for the concentration of the small molecular. Thus, it is concluded that the electric field along the running courses of meridians is an isopotential balanced line formed by multiple neural bioelectrical activities in different spaces closed to meridians.
Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Humans ; Meridians ; Nervous System ; physiopathology

Risk factors for running injuries can be clustered into intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors include human anatomy, history of previous injuries, sports biomechanics and human neuromuscular control, etc. Extrinsic factors include training method , running shoes and running surfaces, etc. Running surface is considered as one of the most potential risk factors for running injuries. This review summarized the findings on kinematics, kinetics, neuromuscular control and running injuries of lower extremity during running on different surfaces. In general, neuromuscular adjustment may contribute to kinematic adaption during running on different surfaces, and runners can adapt their kinetics and stiffness of lower extremity to achieve similar impact force. However, studies on biomechanical changes during running on different surfaces mainly focus on only one aspect of kinematics, kinetics and neuromuscular regulation. Further studies should focus on three-dimensional biomechanical analysis during running on different surfaces, as well as specific mechanisms of neuromuscular regulation for these biomechanical adjustments.

Imaging techniques play a vital role in evaluating myocardial damage in patients with myocardial infarction. Accurate evaluations of postinfarction function and scar can help identify high-risk patients and provide prognosis information, which contributes much to clinical practice. The assessment of myocardial damage mainly includes overall evaluations of ventricular function and remodeling and targeted characterization of myocardial infarction including infarct size, myocardial viability and microvascular obstruction. Echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, CT and nuclear examinations are most common imaging techniques currently. This review is to update evidence on applications of these modalities in evaluation of postinfarction myocardial damage and offer some helps to health workers.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of Bushen huoxue huatan recipe (BHHR) on androgen-induced sterilized rats (ASR) and the expression of androgen synthase and metabolic enzymes in the ovary of ASR before and after treatment with BHHR, and to discuss the possible mechanism. Methods Female SD rats of 9-day old were injected subcutaneously with testosterone propionate (1. 25 mg) to create model. The model ratswere randomly divided into 3 groups: model group (treated with distilled water by gastrogavage, 10 mL/kg)' metformin therapy group (gastrogavage, 0. 1 g/kg) and BHHR therapy group (gastrogavage, 10 mL/kg)' with 13 animals in each group. Ten rats with normal estrous cycle served as normal controls. The body mass' sexual cycle recovery and ovary mass/body mass ratio were observed after 28-day treatment. Serum testosterone level was measured by radioimmunoassay; the expressions of 3(-hydroxylsteroid dehyrogenase (3β-HSD) cytochrome P450 17α-crhydroxylase/17, 20-lyase (CYP17) and P450 aromatase (P450arom) in ovary were detected by quantitative immunohistochemistry method. Results (1) Significantly more rats in the metformin and BHHR groups had sexual cycle recovery compared with that in themodtl group (P< 0. 01). (2) The body mass of rats in the model group was significantly heavier than that in the normal control group (P< 0. 01), and those of the BHHR and metformin groups were significantly lighter than that of ASR model group (P< 0. 01). (3) Ovary mass/body mass ratio of the model rats was significantly higher than those of the other three groups (P< 0. 01).(4) Serum testosterone level in the model group was significantly higher than those in the other three groups (P < 0. 01). (5) Compared with the model group and the normal group, the P450arom expression in the BHHR group was significantly increased (P≤0. 01), while no significant difference was found in 3β-HSD and CYP17 expression between the BHHR group and the model group (P > 0. 05). Conclusion BHHR can reduce serum testosterone levels in ASR rat, which might be through up-regulating the expression of the androgen metabolism enzyme P450arom.

OBJECTIVE: To develop an applicable approach to rapidly analyze 31 PDE-5 inhibitors qualitatively and quantitatively and provide a strategy for detection and rapid identification of similar derivatives in herbal products and dietary supplements based on high-resolution quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF-MS). METHODS: The analysis was performed on an Agilent ZORBAX RRHD Eclipse Plus C18 column with the mixture of 0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile-water as mobile phase, and the flow rate was 0.4 mL · min. Q-TOF-MS equipped with ESI ion source was performed in positive ionization mode. Qualitative analysis was based on the accurate mass, the elemental compositions and the product ions. Quantitative analysis was performed by using the peak area and concentration of each compound. RESULTS: The ESI-MS fragmentation behaviors of three common structural skeletons (sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafiland) were characterized and summarized. Good linearity was obtanined in the ranges of 1-200, 5-400 or 20-600 ng · mL-1 for the calibration curves of the 31 analytes(r≥0.9974). The LOQs were 0.07-37.82 pg, recoveries were 75.00%-124.56%, and RSDs were less than 7.56% (n=6). CONCLUSION: The established method is simple, accurate and reliable. It is suitable for determining PDE-5 inhibitors and rapid detection of similar derivatives in herbal products and dietary supplements.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Erythema Nodosum ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male

There are trillions of microbes in human gut, which are related to health and diseases closely.In recent years, with the popularization of the concept of microbiome-gut-brain axis, the influence of intestinal microbiota on central nervous system diseases has drawn increasing attention.Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD), and some studies have also indicated that correcting the dysbiosis of gut microbiome can not only improve the gastrointestinal problems, but also alleviate the symptoms of autism to some extent.Therefore, the relationship between intestinal microbes and ASD has attracted researchers′ attention.This review focuses on several kinds of gut microbesmicrotes that have been extensively studied to reveal the relationship between the microbesmicrotes and autism spectrum disorders and their potential pathogenic or protective mechanisms.

The chemical characterization analysis of a medical device often results in chemical substances with unknown toxicities. While identification of each individual toxicity could result in a time-consuming hurdle with tremendous labor and financial burden, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) is of great significance for toxicity risk assessment of such chemical substances. By establishing quantitative relationship between the molecular structures or active groups of similar chemical compounds with their biological activities, QSAR can be utilized to predict the toxicity of such target compounds with significantly reduced cost and time. In this article, the authors generally summarized the mechanisms of QSAR approaches, current applications of QSAR modeling in the field of medical device, an introduction of the characteristics of publicly and commercially-available QSAR software, and briefly explored future trends of QSAR modeling in medical device toxicological risk assessment. The utilization of QSAR would undoubtedly further advance the toxicological risk assessment of medical devices.
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship ; Risk Assessment ; Software

ObjectiveTo identify high-risk factors and high-risk process of nosocomial infection， and then take targeted prevention and control measures to improve nosocomial infection management. MethodsWe identified and determined the risk factors associated with nosocomial infection by using an expert brainstorming method， and then conducted risk assessment of the factors in the outcomes and process by using a semi-quantitative method. ResultsA total of 31 experts participated in the risk factor assessment. Risk assessment scores showed that nosocomial infection due to multi-drug resistant bacteria was the highest risk in the outcomes of nosocomial infection. Lack of isolation for airborne/droplet transmission， needle/sharp instrument injury， inadequate identification of infection risk and response measures in construction engineering， and insufficient implementation of infection control system were extremely high risk factors in the process of nosocomial infection. ConclusionPrevention and control should be strengthened on multi-drug resistant bacteria and catheter-related infections. The role of multidisciplinary team （MDT） in the prevention and control of nosocomial infection should be enhanced in medical practice. Risk assessment may facilitate the resource allocation and improve hand hygiene behavior.