The outbreak of COVID-19 has exposed many shortcomings in disease control and prevention system (DCPS) of China. Resolving the problems and strengthening the DCPS became the top priority in China’s public policy agenda. This paper revealed the problems of the system regarding policy-making, regulations, operation mechanism and staff, and proposed several strategies from three aspects of legal construction, management system, and operation mechanism, including: 'Prevention first' should be incorporated into the national legal system, all the departments should be engaged in 'Healthy China 2030' initiative, laws and regulations should be amended, new disease prevention and control management institutions should be set up, a high-quality professional team should be retained, the regional health information exchange channels should be strengthened, the coordinated mechanism for disease prevention and control should be normalized, the long-term investment mechanism should be established, and the equipment renewal and reserve system should be improved.

Objective To assess the suitability of N95 masks for public health emergency personnel. To compare the consistency between mask fit test result and subjective evaluation of mask-wearing air tightness so as to guide scientific selection and use of protection masks for emergency personnel. Methods By ambient aerosol condensation nuclear counter method, the quantitative fit test was done among 235 public health emergency personnel from both Municipal and District disease control centers. Questionnaires were conducted among them for investigation and comparison of their subjective evaluation of mask-wearing air tightness and mask fit test results. Results Of the 235 subjects , 160 passed the fittest with the pass rate being 68.1%. With various wearing actions for the test, the subjective evaluation for mask-wearing air tightness was compared with the fit test pass rate in terms of consistence, the kappa value range being from −0.09 to 0.43. K value of the action 5 (loudly speaking) was above 0.4, while the k values of other 6 actions were all below 0.4. Both Kappa value (0.09) and consistency rate (49.7%) were the lowest for action 8 (normal breathing) among all test actions. Conclusion The accuracy of the subjective evaluation for mask-wearing air tightness proves to be poor, unable to reflect the true protective effect and substitute for the fit test. It is advised that the public health personnel should rely on the fit test results to correctly choose and use suitable respiratory protective products.

Novel coronavirus pneumonia disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 began to emerge in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019. It is currently spreading globally including Japan. The COVID-19 case in Japan began to appear in middle January 2020 and continued to increase over time. The period from middle January to the end of February is considered to be the initial stage of domestic transmission in Japan. This article described the spread of 935 COVID-19 cases related to Japan by the end of February 2020, including the 15 infected Japanese returned from Wuhan, the 696 infected individuals in the large-scale cruise ship 'Diamond Princess' and the 224 infected individuals in Japan. This paper summarizes the measures to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Japan, such as limiting RT-PCR detection for SARS-CoV-2, reducing the number of patients with mild illness who go to medical institutions unnecessarily, formulating guidelines for SARS-CoV-2 infection consultation, canceling large gatherings and temporarily closing schools. This paper further points out the problems encountered in the prevention and control of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Japan, such as the slow detection of RT-PCR, the risk of infection faced by medical staff, the regional differences in the domestic health care service system, the confusion of information disclosure and management. The above introduction as allows us to acquire a better understanding of the new coronavirus pneumonia in Japan and the world and may provide reference for the control the epidemic of COVID-19 in worldwide.

Objective To investigate epidemic characteristics of a family aggregation COVID-19, and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of family aggregation epidemic. Methods] Field epidemiological methods were used to investigate the cases and close contacts of a family aggregation COVID-19 in Y County, Chenzhou City, Hunan Province. Descriptive statistical analysis was used on epidemiological data . The 2019-nCoV nucleic acid was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. Results It was found that Ms. Deng was infected with COVID-19 and became the infectious source of the family aggregation epidemic , who had lived in Wuhan Hubei Province. Her boyfriend Mr. Cao became a second-generation case of COVID-19..Another two asymptomatic but infected persons were family members living with Ms.Deng . Conclusion COVID-19 easily spreads within families. The awareness of family members' protection, the education of new coronavirus pneumonia prevention and control in key groups should be strengthened to avoid the occurrence and spread of family aggregation epidemic.

Objective To investigate the epidemical characteristics and analyze the incidence trend of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in Shanghai. Methods The epidemical data on NCP in Shanghai from January 20 to February 3, 2020 were collected for epidemiological descriptive analysis. Results The number of cumulative confirmed and suspected cases increased first and then decreased from January 20 to February 3, with the peak date being January 30 and January 29 respectively. The day-on-day growth rate of the suspected cases and the cumulative confirmed cases declined after January 27. Among the confirmed cases, the proportion of the exposure history of relevant confirmed cases was on the rise. The total number of confirmed cases of the resident population exceeded that of the population from other places to Shanghai, and Pudong new area had the largest number of confirmed cases. Conclusion The incidence of NCP showed a slowdown trend in shanghai, but it also faces the pressure of the peak of population returning to city, which should be paid enough attention to.

Objective To investigate the epidemical characteristics and analyze the incidence trend of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China. Methods The daily new confirmed cases of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China from January 25 to February 8,2020 were collected for epidemiological descriptive analysis. Results During the period from January 25 to February 8, 2020, the number of daily new confirmed cases fell for five consecutive days, from 890 cases on February 3 to 509 cases on February 8. Conclusion The incidence of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) slowed down in 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) except Hubei and Xinjiang production and construction corps , but the overall situation is still not optimistic. It is imperative to pay close attention to the origin and destination of migrant workers and the incidence of disease in various areas, and take targeted measures to strengthen prevention and control of the disease.

Objective To learn about the current situation and trends of novel coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-2019) in foreign countries. Methods The data on confirmed COVID-2019 cases were collected between January 20, 2020 and February 18, 2020 and by age, sex, nationality, contact history, region, and country were performed stratified analysis and onset time analysis. Results From January 20th to February 18th, the cumulative number of confirmed cases of COVI D-2019 abroad was 804. Excluding the 454 cases on the 'Diamond Princess' cruise ship in Japan, the daily number of new cases fluctuated, showed a trend of rising first and then maintaining a steady trend. The peak date for new cases was on February 1, with the number of cases reaching 26. The confirmed cases were mainly concentrated in Asian countries, but also distributed in Europe, North America, Oceania and Africa. As of February 15, there was no more increase reported in the number of countries where confirmed cases occurred after reaching 25. Among these countries, Singapore, Japan, and Thailand were with the highest number of cases, with 77, 65, and 35 cases, respectively. In accordamce to available information on confirmed cases, the cases with history of exposure to confirmed cases were more than those with history of living or traveling in Hubei. And more cases were non-Chinese nationalities, 40 years old and above, and males . Conclusion The novel coronavirus has transmitted abroad, and produced second-generation cases. Although the incidence is low abroad , its trend fluctuates greatly, so sufficient attention must be paid to the possibility of further transmission.

[Objective] To investigate the purchase and use of edible oil , as well as recycling of kitchen waste oil in Shanghai catering service units , providing reference for relevant regulatory authorities .
[ Methods] A total of 976 units of various types of catering service in Shanghai were selected via strati-fied sampling methodology , a self-designed questionnaire used to investigate the purchase and use of edi-ble oil, as well as recycling of kitchen waste oil .Meanwhile, an on-site rapid detection technology was used to test items including acid value , peroxide value , polar components of unused pre -packaged edible oil and also the process of using frying oils on site . [ Results] The amount of edible oil used in catering service units of Shanghai was about 1235 tons per day;6.0% of the oil purchased was bulk cooking oil , which accounted for 5 .6%of the total amount consumed;44 .3%of the catering service units signed with professional companies for the recycling of kitchen waste oil;3615 samples were detected using an on -site rapid detection , of which 17 were suspected to be positive .The lab confirmed that test results were quali-fied. [ Conclusion] The edible oil used in Shanghai catering service units is safe in general , while bulk cooking oil may have potential safety hazards .Food practitioners have low awareness of health risk caused
by using edible oil repeatedly and for too long time , which makes some enterprise use “old oil” for too long;There does exist the possibility of kitchen waste oil returning to food chain as its recycling has not been standardized .

Objective ] To describe the epidemiological characteristics of mumps from 2004 to 2012 in Taizhou City . [ Methods ] Descriptive epidemiological methods were used for analysis on the evidence and outbreak data of mumps from China information system for disease control and prevention . [ Results] A total of 24153 mumps cases were reported in Taizhou City during 2004-2012, with annual average reported incidence of 47.0/lakh.The reported incidence peak occurred during April -July and from November to late January .Up to 40.33%of the cases occurred in children aged 6 to 9 and 56.43%of the total cases were students .The outbreak occurred in the schools and pre -schools , mainly in the primary school (81.25%). [Conclusion] Dynamic surveillance and health education should be enhanced on focus groups in schools and nurseries , particularly in peak months so as to take early and comprehensive preventive measures .

[Objective] To analyze the epidemiological characters and tendencies of measles by in-vestigating its incidence among inhabitants in Changning District of Shanghai , in order to provide scientific basis for measles control and prevention . [ Methods] Measles cases were collected in Changning Dis-trict from 2008 to 2012 and epidemiological features were analyzed .Besides, vaccine inoculation status was investigated and data analyzed . [ Results] The results showed that a total of 78 measles cases were re-ported in Changning District during 2008 -2012.The annual average incidence of measles was 1.94/100 000.The incidence in floating population was higher than that in local residents .The high incidence period was from March to June .Disperse resident children , commercial workers and retired workers were the top three groups of people which had the highest incidence .The onset ages showed to be a bimodel pattern , ap-pearing to move toward poles.The incidence ratio between man and woman are 1.05∶1. [Conclusion] Control of measles in floating population should be focused on in Changning District and it is suggested that measles vaccination be done among women of child -bearing age and migrant workers .