ObjectiveTo investigate the level of serum antibodies in COVID-19 patients six months after discharge， and to provide data to evaluate the duration of IgM， IgG and neutralizing antibody titers in the patients. MethodsEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to determine the antibody levels of IgM and IgG， and the new coronavirus live virus neutralization test was used to detect the neutralizing antibodies in the plasma of 181 recovered patients. ResultsThe IgG positive rate was 92.27% （167/181） in COVID-19 patients six months after discharge， while the lgM positive rate was 28.18% （51/181）. Six months after hospital discharge， 117 recovered patients （64.64%） were positive for IgG antibodies and negative for IgM antibodies， indicating that they had produced stable antibodies. This result suggested that they had been infected with the new coronavirus （SARS-CoV-2） and were in the recovery stage. The positive detection rate of neutralizing antibodies was as high as 91.71%. ConclusionSix months after infection with SARS-CoV-2， IgG antibodies produced in the patients continue to exist， and the neutralizing antibodies maintain a high and stable level. Results of this study have important guiding significance for future research on the durability of new coronavirus antibodies.

ObjectiveTo analyze the effects of respiratory control measures before and after COVID-19 epidemic on influenza virus. MethodsThe percentage of influenza-like cases， the positive rate of influenza virus and the change of influenza outbreaks before and after the COVID-19 pandemic were compared and analyzed by selecting the data of influenza surveillance sentinel-points in Shanghai. ResultsThe percentage of influenza-like illness after the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 was significantly higher than that during the same period between 2017 and 2019. The positive rate of influenza virus detection in 2020 was significantly lower than the average rate of influenza virus detection from 2017 to 2019 with significant statistical difference （χ ²=2 359.07， P<0.001）. The number of outbreaks in 2020 was significantly lower than that from 2017 to 2019. ConclusionDuring the respiratory season， personal protection and reduction of human aggregation can effectively reduce the infection of influenza and the incidence of influenza in the population.

ObjectiveTo describe the epidemiological characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Shangrao City， and provide scientific evidence for the development of prevention and control strategies. MethodsEpidemiological characteristics of 123 confirmed cases， such as time， sex， age， occupations， area， and source of infection， were analyzed by combining epidemiological investigation with laboratory testing. ResultsOf the 123 confirmed cases， 34 were imported cases and 89 were local cases. The sex ratio was 1.32∶1. Average time interval of the COVID-19 was （18.4±4.4） days， with a median time interval between the onset and final diagnosis of 5 days. There were 19 clustering cases， of which 89.5% were family clusters and 77.3% occurred in families. Majority of the cases were common type. The main source of infection was travelers from the epidemic areas. ConclusionHealth monitoring of travelers from epidemic areas and strict quarantine of close contacts are the main measures to control the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic.

ObjectiveTo analyze the timeliness of health science popularization during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） and its correlation with the epidemic situation and policies. MethodsThe original reports of health science popularization by 26 major media in Shanghai during the COVID19 outbreak between January 19 and March 25 of 2020 were retrieved， and the timeliness of the number of reports， media sources and categories， and contents were analyzed. ResultsDuring the epidemic of COVID-19， public media reported timely. Online media accounted for 63.35%， and text-based reports accounted for 85.90%. There was a correlation between the trend of the number of reports and the development of COVID-19 and the prevention and control policy issued by the government. After the change in the epidemic or the release of policy， the number of reports increased. The top four topics were personal protection， disease treatment， healthy lifestyle and psychological health， accounting for 18.62%， 18.54%， 12.96% and 11.74%， respectively. Reports focused on different aspects at different stages of COVID-19 epidemic， and the number of reports tended to increase one week after the occurrence of major events. ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 epidemic， the coverage of health science on media is timely and targeted. For future similar public health emergencies， it is suggested to respond quickly to major events according to the trend， to carry out publicity timely， to innovate the report forms， and thus make it easy for the public to accept and implement.

This study introduces the current status of the coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） epidemic， the adjustment of response initiatives， and the global variation of novel coronaviruses and vaccination in Europe， the United States， Japan， and Singapore. It summarizes the achievements in prevention and control efforts in China during COVID-19 epidemic. In addition， it describes the key public health issues in Chinese response strategy that includes： promoting the establishment of a population immunization system； optimizing health certification by unifying health codes， trip codes， and vaccine passes as a triple-identification at the national level； retaining nucleic acid testing as a technical means of detecting the source of infection and epidemiological investigation of close contacts； adhering to the requirements of public places， public transportation and other measures such as wearing masks； strengthening the surveillance of COVID-19 and respiratory infectious diseases； normalizing the timing of implementation of prevention and control strategies.

ObjectiveTo understand the infection of AIDS， syphilis， and gonorrhea in men who have sex with men （MSM）， and the factors influencing the acceptance of gonorrhea testing in Dehong Dai Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture （Dehong Prefecture）， Yunnan Province. MethodsAcross-sectional survey was conducted to describe and analyze the acceptance of AIDS， syphilis， and gonorrhea testing among MSM tracked in Dehong Prefecture in 2018. ResultsA total of 385 MSM were included in the analysis， with a 100.0% HIV and syphilis testing rate. The HIV antibody positivity rate was 10.6% （41/385） and the positivity rate of syphilis antibody was 14.8%（57/385）. Only 30.4% of the subjects were willing to test for gonorrhea， and 13.7%（16/117）of them were test positive. Further multifactorial analysis revealed that local MSM and syphilis co-infected individuals were more likely to be tested for gonorrhea （aOR=2.48， 95%CI=1.33-4.65， P=0.004； aOR=2.59， 95%CI=1.43-4.71， P=0.002）. ConclusionThe positive rates of AIDS， syphilis and gonorrhea in MSM population in Dehong Prefecture are relatively high. Integrated interventions of STD/AIDS and gonorrhoea detection should be strengthened.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the dosage effect of measles， mumps and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine （MMR） vaccination on seroprevalence of mumps. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among people in Changning District of Shanghai aged 1 month to 19 years old （n=1 816） in Mar.－Sep. 2017. Blood samples were analyzed for mumps antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent immunoglobulin G （IgG） assays. ResultsMumps antibody seropositivity was 94.59% in 2 years old children and maintained at 98.18%-100.00% from 4 to 9 years old. The seropositivity began to decrease since 10 years， and it was 88.33% （95%CI： 81.20%-93.47%） at age of 12 years. In 12-19 years age group， individuals with 3 doses of mumps-containing vaccines had the highest seropositivity （93.88%） and individuals with 1 or 0 doses had the lowest seropositivity （68.75%）. ConclusionTwo-dose MMR immunization in Shanghai induces a sharp increase in mumps antibody levels in the corresponding age groups. The antibody levels decline gradually with time since the second dose. Vaccine dosage is positively associated with mumps IgG seropositivity and geometric mean concentrations （GMC） in 12-19 years old.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics and incidence trend of influenza-like illness in Xuhui District from 2010 to 2019， in order to understand the patterns of influenza epidemic of Xuhui District，and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of influenza in the future. MethodsSurveillance data of influenza-like illness （ILI） in Xuhui District from 2010 to 2019 were collected from the National Influenza Surveillance System for statistical description and trend analysis. ResultsFrom 2010 to 2019， the overall proportion of influenza-like illness was 0.54%. The annual proportions of ILI were between 0.35%~1.14%．The majority of cases were reported in age group of 25~59， accounted for 54.50% of the total ILI. A total of 9 053 throat swab specimens from ILI patients were collected and tested， from which 2 137 specimens were positive， with a positive rate of 23.61%. The most frequent subtype of influenza virus detected was influenza A virus （accounting for 67.62%）. The proportion of ILI and the positive rate of influenza virus nucleic acid detection reached the peak in summer and winter over time. There was a positive correlation between the proportion of ILI and the positive rate of influenza （r=0.666， P<0.01）. From 2010 to 2019， both ILI% and nucleic acid positive rate of influenza virus showed a downward trend. ConclusionThe incidence of influenza shows a downward trend in Xuhui District， with two peaks in summer and winter. The most susceptible individuals are in 25~59 age group. The dominant strains of influenza virus alternate regularly， influenza A（H3N2） dominate the summer epidemic peak while the epidemic peak in winter is dominated by influenza A（H1N1） and influenza B.

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of norovirus in adult cases with infectious diarrhea in Putuo District of Shanghai， and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of infectious diarrhea caused by norovirus. MethodsFecal samples， clinical information and epidemiological data were collected from January 2013 through December 2019 in surveillance hospitals in Putuo District of Shanghai. Norovirus was examined by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （rRT-PCR）. ResultsIn 1 389 adult cases with infectious diarrhea， norovirus positive rate was 25.41%， which was significantly higher in male （27.16%） than female （23.89%）. Furthermore， in 353 cases positive for norovirus， GⅡ group was the most common （77.98%）.The positive rate was highest in the cases aged 30-44 years. Spring， autumn and winter were the seasons with higher incidence of norovirus （September to May）. The norovirus-infected cases had more nausea， vomiting， hyperactivity of bowel sounds， and watery stool， compared to the negative cases （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe detection rate of norovirus remains high in adult cases with infectious diarrhea in Putuo District of Shanghai， of which GII is predominant. Seasonality may be spring， autumn and winter. Therefore， it warrants the countermeasures， such as surveillance and health education， for prevention and control of norovirus in susceptible population during epidemic seasons.

ObjectiveTo understand the epidemiological characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome （SFTS） in Yiyuan County， and provide scientific evidence for prevention and control strategies. MethodsDescriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence of SFTS in Yiyuan County during 2014—2019. ResultsA total of 130 SFTS cases were documented in Yiyuan County during 2014—2019， of which four were death cases. The annual incidence was determined to be 3.79/10⁵ and the mortality was 3.08%， showing an upward trend in the incidence （ χ T r e n d 2 =9.06， P=0.003）. Majority of the cases occurred between May and August （88.46%）， were more than 50 years old （81.54%）， and farmers （94.62%）. The median duration of time from onset to diagnosis was five days. ConclusionSFTS was widely distributed in Yiyuan County with seasonal pattern. Middle aged and elderly farmers were mainly susceptible. It warrants strengthening prevention and control of SFTS and health education in elderly.