Objective To assess the risk of secondary transmission induced by imported malaria in Jiangxi Province，so as to provide the evidence for adjustment of malaria surveillance strategies in the key groups and areas. Methods The Delphi method was used to establish the secondary transmission risk indicator system and the weight of each index was obtained. The data of malaria prevalence，vector distribution and intervention capacity were collected in 100 counties of Jiangxi Province from 2012 to 2015. The transmission potential index（TPI），intervention capacity index（ICI），and malaria risk index（MRI）were calculated for each county. The risk map was drawn with GIS software. Results The top ten counties with highly potential risk indicators were Linchuan District（2.131），Xinzhou District（1.609），Jiujiang County（1.404），Zhanggong District（1.365）， Fengcheng City（1.225），Qingshanhu District（1.184），Yudu County（1.171），Dingnan County（1.018），Xunyang District（1.015）and Zhushan District（1.006）. The high risk areas were mainly distributed in the regions of the capitals of their prefectures and in counties with more floating population. Conclusions There are the risk of the secondary transmission induced by imported malaria in Jiangxi Province. The high risk of the secondary transmission is shown in the areas with more floating population and weaker intervention capacity.

Objective To understand the situation of downward dislocation of intrauterine device (IUD) and the impact related to the effectiveness of IUD use, in China. Methods An epidemiological survey with cross-sectional, retrospective and prospective study designs was conducted to investigate 18 922 IUD users who were selected by a multi-phase stratified cluster sampling method. Results IUD's downward dislocation had been an important unsuccessful issue related to the IUD insertion that accounted for 20% of total the cases of failure. The top three failure outcomes would include extrusion,removal due to downward dislocation and unintended pregnancy. Respectively, the cumulative rates and the ranking due to IUD failure (per 100 women) in the first, third, sixth and twelfth month were shown as follows: extrusion appeared as 0.33%, 1.13%, 2.21% and 4.30%; removal as 0.10%, 0.37%, 0.80% and 2.34% ; while unintended pregnancy were 0.03%, 0.14%, 0.41% and 1.14%. Conclusion IUD' s downward dislocation made great impact on the effectiveness of IUD use that should call for attention from relative governmental sectors and researchers in the areas of prevention, diagnosis and treatment.

To introduce the general thinking, guidelines, work objectives and elaboration process of the general technical requirements adopted by volume Ⅳ of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition, and to summarize and figure out the main characteristics on dosage forms, physico-chemical testing, microbial and biological testing, reference standards and guidelines The newly revised general chapters of pharmacopoeia give full play to the normative and guiding role of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia standard, track the frontier dynamics of international drug regulatory science and the elaboration of monographs, expand the application of state-of-the-art technologies, and steadily promote the harmonization and unification with the ICH guidelines； further enhance the overall capacity of TCM quality control, actively implement the 3 R principles on animal experiments, and practice the concept of environmental-friendly； replace and/or reduce the use of toxic and hazardous reagents, strengthen the requirements of drug safety control This paper aims to provide a full-view perspective for the comprehensive, correct understanding and accurate implementation of general technical requirements included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition.

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effects of Pizhen in treating lumbar disc herniation combined with buttock tender node.

METHODSFrom August 2009 to February 2010,83 patients (29 males and 54 females) with lumbar disc herniation combined with buttock tender node were randomly divided into the Pizhen group and acupuncture group. Pizhen group were treated with Pizhen manipulation, inserting needle by vertical prick with quacking inserting and quick withdrawing the needle, no rotating and the depth was through the surface of fascia, two times as a course of treatment; acupuncture group were treated with acupuncture, inserting Ashi-point, retaining the needle 20 min, ten times as a course of treatment. VAS scoring at the end of treatment and B ultrasonic image at 3d after treatment was carried out to observe the therapeutic effects.

RESULTSB ultrasonic image of buttock tender node showed inflammation reaction or ellipse. The width of the inflammation reaction decreased after treatment, but there has no statistical significance (P=0.635). There was no significant difference between two groups (P=0.813).

CONCLUSIONPizhen manipulation is better than acupuncture. B ultrasonic image gives morphological performance of buttock tender node, the content is inflammatory infiltrates. B ultrasound has certainly significance in diagnosing, treating and evaluating the clinical effect of Pizhen manipulation on treating buttock tender node.

Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Adult ; Aged ; Buttocks ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; therapy ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain Measurement ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy and adverse effects of dapoxetine in the treatment of premature ejaculation.

METHODSWe randomly assigned outpatients with premature ejaculation in the proportion of 2:1 to receive 30 mg dapoxetine on demand (n =78) or 50 mg sertraline qd for one month (n = 39). Follow-up was accomplished in 95 cases, 63 in the dapoxetine group and 32 in the sertraline group. We recorded the intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), clinical global impression of change (CGIC) score, and adverse reactions of the patients and compared them between the two groups.

RESULTSIELT was significantly increased in both the dapoxetine (from [0.87 ± 0.31] to [2.84 ± 0.68] min, P < 0.05) and the sertraline group (from [0.84 ± 0.28] to [2.71 ± 0.92] min, P < 0.05) after medication. Based on the CGIC scores in premature ejaculation, the rate of excellence or effectiveness was 36.5% in the dapoxetine and 37. 5% in the sertraline group, and the rate of improvement was 63.5% in the former and 71.9% in the latter. The incidence rates of dizziness, nausea, headache, and diarrhea were slightly higher (P > 0.05) while those of fatigue, somnolence, and dry mouth significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the sertraline than in the dapoxetine group.

CONCLUSIONOn-demand oral medication of dapoxetine is effective and well-tolerated for the treatment of premature ejaculation.

Benzylamines ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Ejaculation ; drug effects ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Naphthalenes ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Outpatients ; Premature Ejaculation ; drug therapy ; Reaction Time ; drug effects ; physiology ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Sertraline ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) on tumor metastasis in a experimental mouse model of hematogenous metastasis after I/R and to quantify expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) during I/R.

METHODSAn experimental mouse model of metastasis after partial hepatic I/R was designed to determine the effects of I/R on tumor metastasis to liver. Tumor loads were valued 14 days after operation. In addition, the expressions of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and VCAM-1 were detected.

RESULTSTwo hours after hepatic reperfusion, ALT and AST levels in ischemia 45-minute group and ischemia 30-minute group were significantly higher than in the sham group (all P < 0.05). Also, the changes of ALT and AST were more obvious in the ischemia 45-minute group than in ischemia 30-minute group (all P < 0.05). In the sham group, both ALT and AST slightly and transiently increased. ALT and AST in the ischemia 45-minute group and ischemia 30-minute group at 8 hours were both significantly higher than those at 2 hours reperfusion (P<0.05). The tumor load (valued by hepatic replacement area) and the expression of VCAM-1 in ischemic lobe were significantly larger in the ischemia 45-minute group than in the ischemia 30-minute group and sham group (P = 0.013, P = 0.007). However, there was no statistical difference on tumor load between the right lobe of sham operated mice and the right lobe (nonischemic lobes) of mice subjected to I/R (P = 0.089). Mouse survivals were significantly longer in the sham group than in the ischemia 30-minute group (P = 0.041) but were not significantly different between the ischemia 45-minute group and ischemia 30-minute group (P = 0.055). VCAM-1 expression in ischemia 45-minute group was significantly higher than in ischemia 30-minute group and sham group(P = 0.003, P < 0.001), and it was positively correlated with the hepatic replacement area (r = 0.491, P = 0.045).

CONCLUSIONHepatic I/R promotes liver hematogenic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma in mice and at least in part, through the induction of VCAM-1 expression.

Animals ; Liver ; blood supply ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Reperfusion Injury ; complications ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo analyze the efficacy and its correlation with species of transplant cells of autologous mobilized peripheral blood (PB) mononucleated cells (MNCs) transplantation on 59 patients with lower limbs ischemia.

METHODSFifty-nine patients were evaluated with symptoms scores and after that their PBMNCs were mobilized and collected and then injected into the ischemic area at equal distance. They effectiveness and scores were evaluated at 7th day and 4th month after therapy. The correlation of CD34(+) cells and of MNCs with effectiveness was analysed respectively, and formula for correlations between them and effectiveness was calculated.

RESULTSAfter MNCs injection, the effectiveness was observed both at 7th day and 4th month. The correlation of MNCs with effectiveness was stronger than that of CD34(+) cells (the effectiveness was represented by nimodipine value), According to the formula of nimodipine value, the value of the latter = 0.484 + 1.055 × CD34(+) cells number and the former = 0.288 + 0.401 × MNCs number with a correlation coefficient of R = 0.461 (P = 0.047) and R = 0.473 (P = 0.000) respectively.

CONCLUSIONAutologous mobilized PBMNCs number is a better indicator for effectiveness than CD34(+) cells number.

Female ; Humans ; Ischemia ; surgery ; Lower Extremity ; blood supply ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Monocytes ; transplantation ; Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Peripheral Vascular Diseases ; surgery ; Transplantation, Autologous

BACKGROUND:In the initial stage of growth plate injury inflammation,platelet-derived growth factor BB promotes the repair of growth plate injury by promoting mesenchymal progenitor cell infiltration,chondrogenesis,osteogenic response,and regulating bone remodeling. OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the action mechanism of platelet-derived growth factor BB after growth plate injury. METHODS:PubMed,VIP,WanFang,and CNKI databases were used as the literature sources.The search terms were"growth plate injury,bone bridge,platelet-derived growth factor BB,repair"in English and Chinese.Finally,66 articles were screened for this review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Growth plate injury experienced early inflammation,vascular reconstruction,fibroossification,structural remodeling and other pathological processes,accompanied by the crosstalk of chondrocytes,vascular endothelial cells,stem cells,osteoblasts,osteoclasts and other cells.Platelet-derived growth factor BB,as an important factor in the early inflammatory response of injury,regulates the injury repair process by mediating a variety of cellular inflammatory responses.Targeting the inflammatory stimulation mediated by platelet-derived growth factor BB may delay the bone bridge formation process by improving the functional activities of osteoclasts,osteoblasts,and chondrocytes,so as to achieve the injury repair of growth plate.Platelet-derived growth factor BB plays an important role in angiogenesis and bone repair tissue formation at the injured site of growth plate and intrachondral bone lengthening function of uninjured growth plate.Inhibition of the coupling effect between angiogenesis initiated by platelet-derived growth factor BB and intrachondral bone formation may achieve the repair of growth plate injury.

Objective:To summarize the patient profiles and therapeutic efficacies of ABO-incompatible living-related kidney transplantations at 19 domestic transplant centers and provide rationales for clinical application of ABOi-KT.Methods:Clinical cases of ABO-incompatible/compatible kidney transplantation (ABOi-KT/ABOc-KT) from December 2006 to December 2009 were collected. Then, statistical analyses were conducted from the aspects of tissue matching, perioperative managements, complications and survival rates of renal allograft or recipients.Results:Clinical data of 342 ABOi-KT and 779 ABOc-KT indicated that (1) no inter-group differences existed in age, body mass index (BMI), donor-recipient relationship or waiting time of pre-operative dialysis; (2) ABO blood type: blood type O recipients had the longest waiting list and transplantations from blood type A to blood type O accounted for the largest proportion; (3) HLA matching: no statistical significance existed in mismatch rate or positive rate of PRA I/II between two types of surgery; (4) CD20 should be properly used on the basis of different phrases; (5) hemorrhage was a common complication during an early postoperative period and microthrombosis appeared later; (6) no difference existed in postoperative incidence of complications or survival rate of renal allograft and recipients at 1/3/5/10 years between ABOi-KT and ABOc-KT. The acute rejection rate and serum creatinine levels of ABOi-KT recipients were comparable to those of ABOc-KT recipients within 1 year.Conclusions:ABOi-KT is both safe and effective so that it may be applied at all transplant centers as needed.

OBJECTIVETo assess the net health effect caused by the consumption of specific marine species based on Benefit-Risk Analysis for Foods (BRAFO)-tiered approach.

METHODSTwenty species were collected from the Zhoushan Archipelago, China. Concentrations of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, methyl mercury (MeHg), and dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) in the samples were analyzed for benefit risk assessment based on BRAFO-tiered approach.

RESULTSBased on the BRAFO-tiered approach, reference scenario (no intake) and alternative scenario (intake of specific species of 200 g/week) were determined. The exposure to MeHg/DLCs via alternative scenario of all studied species did not exceed provisional tolerable weekly/monthly intake. However, the adult population with high DLCs exposure in China would significantly exceed the upper limit of DLCs via an additional alternative scenario of some species such as Auxis thazard. The results of deterministic computation showed that alternative scenario of all studied species generated clear net beneficial effects on death prevention and child IQ gain.

CONCLUSIONThe alternative scenario of all studied species could be recommended to population with average DLCs exposure, and the reference scenario of species with relatively high DLCs concentration could be recommended to population exposed to high DLCs.

Animals ; China ; Dioxins ; analysis ; Environmental Pollutants ; analysis ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; analysis ; Fishes ; Humans ; Methylmercury Compounds ; analysis ; Risk Assessment ; Seafood ; analysis ; Species Specificity