Objective To evaluate the effects of aspirin-triggered lipoxin A4 (ATL) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury in mice.Methods Thirty male SPF BALB/C mice,aged 10-12 weeks,weighing 25-30 g,were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n =10 each):normal saline group (group NS),LPS group and ATL groups.ATL 0.1 ml was injected via the tail vein 1 h after intra-tracheal instillation of 3 mg/kg LPS in LPS group.In ATL group,ATL 0.2 mg/kg was injected via the tail vein 1 h after intra-tracheal instillation of 3 mg/kg LPS.At 24 h after instillation,the mice were sacrificed.Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected for determination of the total cell count,proportion of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes,proportion of the mononuclear leukocytes,and concentrations of the total protein,TNF-αt,IL-6,monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and IL-10.Lungs were removed for determination of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity,phosphorylation of p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase (p38 MAPK),c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK),and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in lung tissues and for microscopic examination.The pathological changes of lungs were scored.Results Compared with NS group,the lung injury scores,total cell counts,proportion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes,and concentrations of TNF-α,IL-6 and MCP-1 were significantly increased,and the proportion of mononuclear leukocytes was decreased in LPS and ATL groups,and IL-10 concentrations were decreased,and the concentrations of the total protein,MPO activity,and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK,JNK and ERK1/2 were significantly increased in group LPS (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change in the concentrations of the total protein,MPO activity,phosphorylation of p38 MAPK,JNK and ERK1/2 was found in group ATL (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with LPS group,the lung injury scores,total cell counts,proportion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and the concentrations of the total protein,TNF-α,IL-6 and MCP-1 were significandy decreased,the proportion of mononuclear leukocytes and IL-10 concentration were increased,and MPO activity and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK were decreased (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change in the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was found in group ATL (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion ATL can ameliorate LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting activations of p38MAPK and JNK signal pathways in mice.

Recently, the immunotherapy has been highlighted among cancer treatments. Cancer-testis antigen (CTA) has been studied in a variety of solid tumors because of its specific expression in tumors, and testis, ovary and placenta tissues, but not in other normal tissues. In order to provide a new approach for multiple myeloma (MM) immunotherapy, we examined the CTA expression in MM cell lines, and primary myeloma cells in patients with MM. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of MAGE-C1/CT7, SSX1, SSX2 and SSX4 in MM cell lines of RPMI-8226 and U266, and bone marrow (BM) cells of 25 MM patients and 18 healthy volunteers. The results showed that the 4 CTAs were expressed in RPMI-8226 and U266 cell lines. The positive expression rate of MAGE-C1/CT7, SSX1, SSX2 and SSX4 in the BM cells of 25 MM patients was 28% (7/25), 80% (20/25), 40% (10/25) and 68% (17/25), respectively. In contrast, the expression of any member of the CTAs was not detected in BM cells of 18 healthy volunteers. The expression of two or more CTAs was detected in 80% (20/25) MM patients, and that of at least one CTA in 88% (22/25). The mRNA expression levels of SSX1 and SSX4 were significantly higher in patients with MM at stage III than in those at stage I and II (P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in the mRNA expression levels of MAGE-C1/CT7 and SSX2 in further stratified analyses by age, gender, MM types and percentage of MM cells in BM (P>0.05). In conclusion, our present study showed that MAGE-C1/CT7, SSX1, SSX2 and SSX4 were co-expressed in MM cell lines and the primary myeloma cells in MM patients, but not expressed in BM cells of healthy subjects. The mRNA levels of SSX1 and SSX4 are associated with MM clinical stage. This work may provide a new insight into MM immunotherapy in the future.

The effect of L-proline as a promoter on the condensation reaction of salicylaldehyde or its derivatives with ethyl acetoacetate in neutral ionic liquid [emim]BF4 was studied. All reactions were carried out under mild reaction conditions and achieved high yields. Moreover, the ionic liquid containing L-proline could be recycled and reused for several times without noticeably decreasing in productivity. The results show that the L-proline-[emim]BF4 system has a potential in contribution to the development of environmentally friendly and inexpensive processes in organic syntheses.
Coumarins ; chemical synthesis ; Ionic Liquids ; chemistry ; Proline ; chemistry

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of benazepril tablets combined with metoprolol tablets in the treatment of elderly hypertension complicated with heart failure.Methods One hundred elderly hypertension complicated with heart failure were randomly divided into A group (n =33 cases),B group (n =33 cases) and C group (n =34 cases).A group received benazepril 10 mg each time,qd,orally.B group received metoprolol 100 mg each time,bid,orally.C group received benazepril 10 mg each time,qd,orally + metoprolol 100 mg each time,bid,orally.Three groups were treated for 6 months.The clinical efficacy,blood pressure,cardiac ftmction indexes,and adverse drug reactions were compared between the three groups.Results After treatment,the total effective rates of A,B and C groups were 75.76％ (25 cases/33 cases),72.73％ (24 cases/33 cases) and 91.18％ (31 cases/34 cases),respectively.The differences between C group and A,B groups were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the main indexes in A,B,C groups were compared:systolic blood pressure were (141.61 ± 17.22),(142.23 ± 15.34) and (121.73 ± 13.23) mmHg,diastolic blood pressure were (88.04 ± 9.38),(86.96 ± 9.54) and (79.81 ± 9.19) mmHg,left ventricular ejection fraction were (41.03±4.31)％,(41.10 ± 4.32)％ and (51.54 ± 5.38)％,left ventricular end systolic diameter were (53.41 ±5.04),(52.83 ±5.13) and (43.41 ±4.17)mm,left ventricular end diastolic diameter were (45.93 ±4.86),(45.80 ±4.93) and (38.92 ±3.81)mm,distance of 6 min walking test were (328.95 ±68.50),(319.61 ±67.83) and (360.80 ± 69.89) m.The differences between C group and A,B groups were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).The adverse drug reactions in three groups were gastrointestinal reactions and dry cough.The incidences of adverse drug reactions in A,B,C groups were 12.12％,15.15％ and 14.70％ without significant differences (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Benazepril tablets combined with metoprotol tablets have a definitive clinical efficacy in the treatment of elderly hypertension complicated with heart failure,which can significantly reduce the patient's blood pressure and improve the patient's heart function,without increasing the incidence of adverse drug reactions.

Objective To study the therapeutic window of rapamycin(RPM) concentration in primary recipients of renal transplantation. Methods An open label, multi center study was performed. One hundred primary renal allograft recipients with cadaveric donors were enrolled from 4 transplantation centers in China. The immunosuppressive regimen was triple therapy,i.e.RPM combined with CsA and steroid. A loading dose of RPM 6 mg/d was administered within 48 hours after transplantation, then a maintaining dose of 2 mg/d was administered. The whole blood concentration of RPM was measured by HPLC method. Results The whole blood concentration of RPM in this group was (6.65?2.75)ng/ml, the 10th and 90th percentile for RPM concentration was 3 2 ng/ml and 10 26 ng/ml,respectively.9 5%(8/84)patients suffered from acute rejection during the 6 month period after transplantation in this study, and the concentration of RPM in these was lower than that in non rejection patients(P=0.001). Hyperlipidemia and liver dysfunction were the most frequently adverse events, and RPM concentration was significantly associated with the concentration of triglyceride. Conclusions 4～8 ng/ml is a suitable level for RPM concentration. Regular drug monitoring and reasonable dose modulation may increase the validity and security of RPM.

Recently, the immunotherapy has been highlighted among cancer treatments. Cancer-testis antigen (CTA) has been studied in a variety of solid tumors because of its specific expression in tumors, and testis, ovary and placenta tissues, but not in other normal tissues. In order to provide a new approach for multiple myeloma (MM) immunotherapy, we examined the CTA expression in MM cell lines, and primary myeloma cells in patients with MM. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of MAGE-C1/CT7, SSX1, SSX2 and SSX4 in MM cell lines of RPMI-8226 and U266, and bone marrow (BM) cells of 25 MM patients and 18 healthy volunteers. The results showed that the 4 CTAs were expressed in RPMI-8226 and U266 cell lines. The positive expression rate of MAGE-C1/CT7, SSX1, SSX2 and SSX4 in the BM cells of 25 MM patients was 28% (7/25), 80% (20/25), 40% (10/25) and 68% (17/25), respectively. In contrast, the expression of any member of the CTAs was not detected in BM cells of 18 healthy volunteers. The expression of two or more CTAs was detected in 80% (20/25) MM patients, and that of at least one CTA in 88% (22/25). The mRNA expression levels of SSX1 and SSX4 were significantly higher in patients with MM at stage III than in those at stage I and II (P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in the mRNA expression levels of MAGE-C1/CT7 and SSX2 in further stratified analyses by age, gender, MM types and percentage of MM cells in BM (P>0.05). In conclusion, our present study showed that MAGE-C1/CT7, SSX1, SSX2 and SSX4 were co-expressed in MM cell lines and the primary myeloma cells in MM patients, but not expressed in BM cells of healthy subjects. The mRNA levels of SSX1 and SSX4 are associated with MM clinical stage. This work may provide a new insight into MM immunotherapy in the future.
Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; biosynthesis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma ; genetics ; pathology ; Neoplasm Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Repressor Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo investigate the biological characteristics of xenogenic acellular dermal matrix( Xeno-ADM) incorporated with silver, and to observe its effect in grafting.

METHODSXeno-ADM was prepared with 0. 25% trypsin and 0. 5% triton X-100 , and then it was immersed in 2 g/L silver nitrate solution to prepare xeno-ADM incorporated with silver. The bacterial inhibitory effect of two kinds of xeno-ADM on burn wound was determined, and the histological characteristic of the wounds was observed with optical microscope, transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope. The Ag+ content in the xeno-ADM incorporated with silver was measured with atomic absorption spectrometer. Twenty-seven rabbits with full-thickness skin defects on the back were randomly divided into three groups, i. e. split-thickness skin autograft only( group A, n = 9) , xeno-ADM with overlying split-thickness skin autograft( group B, n = 9) , xeno-ADM incorporated with silver with overlying split-thickness skin autograft ( group C, n = 9). The skin specimens from grafted area in each group were harvested at 2,4 and 6 post-operation weeks( POW) and examined under light microscope and transmission electron microscope. The condition of the graft, the contraction degree of the grafts and the historical changes in grafting area were observed at 2,4,6 POW. The survival rate of the grafts was calculated and the proliferative activity of the lymphocyte in each group was determined at 2 POW.

RESULTS1. Compared with xeno-ADM, the anti-bacterial effect of xeno-ADM incorporated with silver was much better ( P < 0. 05). No epidermis was seen in both types of xenografts ,and the collagen fibers were even in size and arranged regularly, with no obvious degeneration, and the dermis was also devoid of cells and cellular components. The Ag + content in xeno-ADM incorporated with silver measured (2. 7+/-0. 7) mg/g. 2. The grafts in B and C groups presented similar color to that of normal skin at 6 POW, and it was smooth, with fine texture and no scarring. The collagen fibers was arranged regularly, and conjunction between epidermis and dermis, the structure of basal cell desmosome and semi-desmosome were well reconstructed. The grafts in A group was in dark red color, with obvious contraction, and easily broken. The contraction rate in A group at 2,4 and 6 POW were obviously higher than those in B and C groups( P < 0. 05), while no obvious difference was observed between B and C groups. ( P >0. 05). The overall survival rate of the grafts in C group at 2 POW was 91.7% , which was evidently higher than that in A (77.8%) and B (80. 6% ) groups. The lymphocyte proliferative activity exhibited no difference among A, B and C groups( P >0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe xeno-ADM incorporated with silver has good anti-bacterial effect. In addition, it preserves the basic tissue structure and integral collagen fiber scaffold, without cells to induce rejection, so that it can be used as an ideal dermal substitute.

Animals ; Dermis ; transplantation ; ultrastructure ; Rabbits ; Silver ; therapeutic use ; Skin Transplantation ; Skin, Artificial ; Swine ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVETo observe and compare perioperative myocardial enzyme changes in 107 patients with congenital (CHD, n = 53), rheumatic (RHD, n = 40) and coronary artery (CAD, n = 14) diseases, and to find whether different diseases can affect the release and recovery of myocardial enzymes after heart operations.

METHODSOn the day before operation and the 1st, 3rd, 5th and the 8th day after operation, the venous blood was taken to measure the release of myocardial enzymes: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and LDH-1.

RESULTSAll the enzymes measured before operation in three groups were in the normal range; their release increased abruptly on the 1st day postoperatively to 2 - 15 times of those before operation; on the 3rd day, they recovered to some degrees, and on the 8th day they recovered to normal in all groups except LDH and LDH-1 in rh and CAD groups. Because the aortic cross-clamp time (CCT) had a good positive correlation to the release of myocardial enzymes, those patients whose CCT was over 60 minutes in three groups were compared revealing that the CCT was not different between three groups (P < 0.05). The release of CK, CK-MB and AST was significantly higher in CHD60 group than those in CHD60 and CAD60 groups, they recovered afterwards; while the release of DH and LDH-1 was higher in CAD60 group than those in CAD60 and in CHD60 groups from the 1st day to the 8th day postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONSThe release of all the 5 enzymes measured before operation was in normal range in selected CHD, RHD and CAD patients. The release peak and the recovery order of all enzymes were the same in three groups. The release of CK, CK-MB and AST was higher in CHD60 group than those in RHD60 and CAD60 groups on the 1st day. The release of LDH and LDH-1 was higher in RHD60 group than those in CHD60 and CAD60 groups from the 1st day to the 8th day postoperatively. The shorter the CCT is, the less the release of myocardial enzymes. Using the release of LDH and LDH-1 to evaluate the recovery of myocardial injury after open-heart operations was recommended.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Child ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Coronary Artery Disease ; blood ; enzymology ; surgery ; Creatine Kinase ; blood ; Creatine Kinase, MB Form ; blood ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; blood ; enzymology ; surgery ; Humans ; Intraoperative Period ; Isoenzymes ; blood ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardium ; enzymology ; pathology ; Rheumatic Heart Disease ; blood ; enzymology ; surgery ; Time Factors

Objective To study feasibility of TBL teaching method in the experimental teaching of physiology. Meth-ods The undergraduate students were randomly divided into observation group and control group. The traditional teaching method was used to control group,TBL teaching mode was used to observation group. Results The scores of ex-perimental and theory were higher significantly in the observation group than those in the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01﹚. Conclusion TBL teaching method may be feasibility in the physiology experimental teaching,the enthusiasm and comprehensive ability of undergraduate students' is improved by TBL teaching, the teaching effect of TBL teach-ing method is better than traditional teaching.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID-19 ) clusters in Lishui, so as to provide basis for the prevention and control of COVID-19 clusters. Methods: The data of COVID-19 clusters in Lishui from January 23 to March 29, 2020 were collected through China Disease Control and Prevention Information System-Public Health Emergency Information System, and analyzed time, space, scale, source of infection, exposure and transmission route by descriptive epidemiological method. Results: There were 31 cases in 8 clusters ( about 4 cases per cluster ), with no death. The report time was bimodal, peaked first from January 20 to February 10 with 4 clusters imported from domestic and peaked second from March 1 to 29 with 4 clusters imported from overseas. Qingtian County reported 4 clusters, Liandu District, Yunhe County, Qingyuan County and Jingning County each reported 1 cluster. Thirteen cases were restaurant employees, accounting for 41.94%. The cases were mainly occurred in the condition that exposed in the same family ( 6 clusters ), in the same dinner and car ( 1 clusters ), and in the same party ( 1 clusters ). The exposure modes that caused more cases infected were through the same family (9 cases) and through the same dinner and car ( 6 cases ). There were 3 clusters with first-generation cases, 3 clusters with second-generation cases and 2 clusters with third-generation cases. The recurrence rate of the 8 clusters ranged from 1.49% to 7.69%, with a median of 3.47%. Conclusions The COVID-19 clusters in Lishui imported from domestic in the early stage and later from overseas. Most cases were reported from Qingtian County, were engaged in catering business, and exposed by living with families.