To reveal the variation of polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble extract contents of Dendrobium officinale, the polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble extracts contents of three D. officinale strains were determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method and hot-dip method, respectively. The results showed that the contents of polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble extracts and their total content were significantly different among D. officinale samples collected in different periods, and the variations were closely related to the phenology of D. officinale. Additionally, the quality variation of polysaccharides was closely related to the flowering of D. officinale, while the alcohol-soluble extracts was closely associated to the formation and germination of buds. According to the dynamic variation of these two compounds, it is more reasonable to harvest D. officinale at biennials pre-bloom than at specific harvesting month considering polysaccharides content. It is better to harvest before the germination of buds considering alcohol-soluble extracts. While with regards to both polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble extract, it is better to harvest this plant at the period from the sprouting to pre-bloom next year.
Dendrobium ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; isolation & purification ; Polysaccharides ; isolation & purification

The marine biological source of mineral drugs recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 version) mainly including pearl, nacre, clam shell, common oyster shell, ark shell, cuttle bone, and sea-ear shell are widely used in clinical. Calcium carbonate and a small amount of protein are the main components in this type of drugs. In this paper, a systematical and comparable study were carried out by determination of calcium carbonate by EDTA titration method, the crystal of calcium carbonate by X-Ray powder diffraction and the total amino acids (TAAs) of the hydrolyzed samples by ultraviolet spectrophotometry method. As a result, the crystal structure is calcite for common oyster shell, mixture of calcite and aragonite for nacre and sea-ear shell, aragonite for the other drugs. The content of calcium carbonate ranged from 86% to 96%. Cuttle bone has the highest amount of TAAs among the seven drugs which reached 1.7% while clam shell has the lowest content of 0.16% on average. In conclusion, an effective method was developed for the quality control of marine mineral drugs by comprehensive analysis of calcium carbonate and TAAs in the seven marine mineral drugs.
Amino Acids ; analysis ; chemistry ; Animal Shells ; chemistry ; Animals ; Calcium Carbonate ; analysis ; chemistry ; Crystallization ; Edetic Acid ; chemistry ; Mollusca ; chemistry ; classification ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; analysis ; chemistry ; standards ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results ; Seawater ; Species Specificity ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; X-Ray Diffraction

Objective To investigate the supply of iodized salt in non-excessive iodine counties and iodine-free salt in excessive iodine counties at household level in Jiangsu Province so as to provide a basis for the prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders(IDD).Methods According to the National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Monitoring Program(Trial),county(city,district) was taken as a elementary sampling unit in Jiangsu Province.Townships(towns) and administrative villages were selected by systematic sampling and random sampling in every county and households were chosen by random sampling to collect their edible salt samples.The salt iodine content in non-and excessive iodine regions was detected by direct titration method and semi-quantitative method,respectively.Results All 30 840 salt samples were collected from 106 non-excessive iodine counties,and qualified iodized salt was 30 303 copies,iodine-free salt 199 copies.Weighted by the population of counties,the rate of iodine-free salt was 0.71％,the coverage rate of iodized salt accounted for 99.29％,out of which,98.93％ was qualified and the consuming rate of qualified iodized salt was 98.23％.All 1296 salt samples were collected in 5 counties with excessive water iodine content and the coverage rate of iodine-free salt was 98.99％ (1283/1295).Conclusions The national targets for preliminary elimination of IDD have been achieved in regions of nonexcessive and excessive iodine of Jiangsu Province.But it still should be strengthen the management work of iodinefree salt in excessive iodine counties and iodine saft in non-excessive iodine counties.

VP1, a capsid protein of swine vesicular disease virus, was cloned from the SVDV HK/70 strain and inserted into retroviral vector pBABE puro, and expressed in PK15 cells by an retroviral expression system. The ability of the VP1 protein to induce an immune response was then evaluated in guinea pigs. Western blot and ELISA results indicated that the VP1 protein can be recognized by SVDV positive serum, Furthermore,anti-SVDV specific antibodies and lymphocyte proliferation were elicited and increased by VP1 protein after vaccination. These results encourage further work towards the development of a vaccine against SVDV infection.

The aim of the paper is to reveals the variations of Dendrobium officinale amino acids in different strains and parts for breeding excellent varieties, and providing scientific basis for the expanding of medicinal or edible parts. The contents of 17 amino acids in 11 strains of D. officinale were determined by hydrochloric acid hydrolysis method. The total amino acids content of leaves was from 6.76 to 7.97 g per 100 g, and the stems was from 1.61 to 2.44 g per 100 g. As the content of amino acids in leaves was significantly higher than that of stems, and the composition was close to the ideal protein standard proposed by FAO/WHO. The leaves of D. officinale had the good prospect for the development of functional foods. The 9 x 66 strain which with high yield and polysaccharide content had the highest amino acids content both in stems and leaves, indicated crossbreeding could improve the quality of varieties. Compared the amino acids content of D. officinale in two main harvest periods, the harvest time has a significant impact on amino acids content of D. officinale. This study demonstrates that the harvesting time of D. officinale stems is suitable for leaves as well, which is the period before bolssom.
Amino Acids ; chemistry ; Dendrobium ; chemistry ; classification ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Phylogeny ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; classification

A chemical fingerprint method was developed for investigating the variance of constituents between the whole roots and prepared slices of Radix Angelicae Sinensis (the roots of Angelica sinensis) using HPLC. 19 Radix Angelicae Sinensis whole roots collected from 16 different habitats and 28 commerial drugs including 6 whole roots, 1 root head and 21 prepared slices were analyzed. The component fingerprint of Radix Angelicae Sinensis with 12 common peaks was established. Common peaks 2, 5 and 6 could not be detected in most of the prepared slice samples. Except peaks 11 and 12, all the other peaks in graphics of the prepared slice samples mostly showed lower responses than those of the whole root samples. The whole roots and prepared slices could also be divided into two groups based on the clustering analysis results done by SAS 8.2. Meanwhile, the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM 2004 software was applied for data analysis. Except samples y-17, s-3, s-5 and s-6, the similarities of the whole root samples were over 0.973, while the similarities of the prepared slice samples were all below 0.969. All the results demonstrated that there was distinguished difference in chemical components between the whole roots and prepared slices of Radix Angelicae Sinensis. Our experiments suggested to maintain the active components, whole roots of Radix Angelicae Sinensis should be a better choice than prepared slices for medicine trade and the storage of Radix Angelicae Sinensis should be taken care of.
Angelica sinensis ; chemistry ; China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Cluster Analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Ecosystem ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results

Autopsy ; Fetus ; Heart Neoplasms ; pathology ; Humans ; Rhabdomyoma ; pathology ; Tuberous Sclerosis ; pathology

The stability of melittin in different solvents (water, deoxygenated water, physiological saline, PBS, 50% ethanol, ethanol, glycerol)was studied and the results showed that the stability of melittin is not influenced by light, temperature and pH in 50% ethanol, which melittin can be completed dissolved when compared with ethanol and glycerol, in such, 50% ethanol was chosen as solvent storage when measured content of melittin. Then the effect of different concentrations of PBS, the pH of PBS and rat skin ho- mogenates were tested, and the results showed that melittin was degraded rapidly at low concentration solution and low ionic strength. Increasing pH of PBS and rat skin homogenate can accelerate the degradation of melittin. These researches provide an experimental ba- sis for further study of melittin.
Animals ; Drug Stability ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Melitten ; chemistry ; Rats ; Skin ; drug effects ; Solvents ; chemistry ; Temperature

Objective To investigate the expressions of transforming growth factor beta receptors (TGF beta R), receptor-activated Smads and common-partner Smad in condylomata acuminata. Methods Tissue samples were collected from 20 patients with condylomata acuminata and 15 normal human controls.EliVisionTM plus immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the distribution and expression of TGF beta R Ⅰ , TGF beta R Ⅱ, Smad1/2/3, phosphorylated Smad2/3 and Smad4 in condylomata acuminata and normal control skin. Results Positive immunohistochemical staining for TGFbeta R Ⅰ , TGFbeta R Ⅱ,Smad1/2/3, p-Smad2/3 and Smad4 was detected in the epidermis of normal control skin. The intensity of im-munohistochemical staining was significantly lower for TGFbeta R Ⅰ , TGFbeta R Ⅱ, Smad1/2/3, p-Smad2/3and Smad4 in the epidermis of condylomata acuminata than in that of normal control skin (P < 0.05 or < 0.01). Conclusion The expressions of TGF beta R, receptor-activated Smads and common-partner Smad are decreased or absent in the epidermis of condylomata acuminata, which might interfere with TGF be-ta/Smad signaling and contribute to the development of epidermal hyperplasia in condylomata acuminata.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of budesonide/formoterol single inhaler combined with tiotropium bromide in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods 80 cases of patients with stable COPD in China Aviation Industrial Xi'an Hospital from May 2014 to May 2016 were divided into observation group and control group,40 cases in each group.Patients in the control group were treated with budesonide/formoterol single inhaler,and in the observation group were treated with budesonide/formoterol single inhaler combined with tiotropium bromide.Compared the pulmonary function,life quality,serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP-9) and interleukin 6 (IL-6),drug adverse reaction during the treatment and exacerbations episodes within the next six months.Results After treatment,the FEV1,FEV1/FVC,FEV1％ of two groups were significantly higher than before treatment (P ＜ 0.05),and in the observation group were significantly higher than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05).SGRQ scores,serum levels of MMP-9 and IL-6 of two groups were significantly lower than before treatment (P ＜ 0.05),and these indexes in the observation group were significantly lower than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05).The differences in the adverse reaction rate of two groups has no significant,the number of acute exacerbation in observation group were significantly lower than that of control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Budesonide/formoterol single inhaler combined with tiotropium bromide has remarkable clinical effect in stable COPD,and can effectively improve the pulmonary function,life quality,reduce the number of acute exacerbation,and reduce the serum levels of MMP-9,IL-6.