OBJECTIVETo explore Chinese medical syndrome distribution laws in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients of the Han nationality in Fuzhou city.

METHODSA questionnaire on Chinese medical syndrome was carried out in 507 patients with confirmed CHD from different regions of Fuzhou city. The correlation analyses of Chinese medical syndrome distribution laws, the Chinese medical syndrome types and complications, gender, age, the body mass index (BMI) were conducted.

RESULTSViewed from elements of deficiency in origin or excess in superficiality, blood stasis syndrome was the most often seen syndrome in patients with CHD (accounting for 63.1%), followed by qi deficiency syndrome (accounting for 59.4%) and phlegm turbidity syndrome (accounting for 45.6%). Among syndrome types, qi deficiency blood stasis syndrome was the most often seen syndrome (accounting for 12.2%), followed by qi deficiency, blood stasis and phlegm turbidity syndrome (accounting for 9.1%), and qi deficiency and phlegm turbidity syndrome (accounting for 8.1%). The distribution of various Chinese medical syndrome types showed significant difference in different ages (P<0.05), but no obvious difference was shown in different genders, body mass index, or complications (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSBlood stasis, qi deficiency, and phlegm turbidity were the basic pathogeneses of CHD patients of the Han nationality in Fuzhou city. Syndrome with intermingled blood stasis, qi deficiency, and phlegm turbidity was the main Chinese medical syndrome pattern. The combination of syndrome showed certain regularity.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; epidemiology ; Coronary Disease ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo study main factors and the influencing extent of the susceptibility of the Han population with coronary heart disease (CHD) of blood stasis syndrome (BSS) in Fuzhou area.

METHODSA case control study was employed in Fujian People's Hospital from August 2009 to January 2010. Patients with recent attack of CHD of BSS and of CHD of non-BSS, as well as patients without CHD of non-BSS were recruited as subjects. Correlated factors with CHD were collected using questionnaire and laboratory examinations. The correlation and the correlation strength between each factor and CHD of BSS were analyzed using one-way and multiple-factor unconditional Logistic regression methods.

RESULTSOf the 403 patients in line with inclusion criteria, there were 176 patients with CHD of BSS, 123 with CHD of non-BSS, and 104 without CHD of non-BSS. Results of one-way analysis were reported as follows. Senility, mental labors, hypertension, excessive consumption of oil and salt, depression, stress, past relevant medical history, abnormal prothrombin time (PT), and abnormal hematocrit (HCT) were high-risk factors for CHD of BSS. Regular physical exercise and adequate sleep were protective factors. Except for the effects by age and sex, mental labors, hypertension, excessive consumption of oil and salt, depression, stress, past relevant medical history were still risk factors for CHD of BSS, with the correlation strength (OR value, 95% CI) being 1.902 (95% CI 1.222-2.959), 2.221 (95% CI 1.181-4.176), 2.945 (95% CI 1.781 4.871), 1.794 (95% CI 1.114-2.890), 3.462 (95% CI 1.555-7.712), 1.517 (95% Cl 1.082-2.128), and 3.159 (95% CI 1.732-5.764). In the comparison between those with CHD of BBS and those with CHD of non-BBS, excessive consumption of salt and meat, and stress were the risk factors for BSS. After the effects by age and sex were adjusted, the OR value were still 1.586 (95% CI 1.051-2.393), 1.801 (95% CI 1.191-2.723), and 1.386 (95% CI 1.024-1.876).

CONCLUSIONSWhen compared with the population of non-BSS, the predisposing factors for the Han population with CHD of BSS in Fuzhou area covered mental labors, hypertension, excessive consumption of oil and salt, depression, stress, and past relevant medical history. Compared with other syndrome types in Chinese medicine, positive correlation existed between BSS and excessive consumption of salt and meat, as well as stress.

Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Coronary Disease ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; ethnology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged

Objective To observe the influence of CPR operation on the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) under the successive information feedback by monitoring multiple parameters of CPR quality of in-hospital.Methods Using the group cage-control research methods.40 cases with cardiac arrest were randomly divided into two groups,who all received the monitoring of multiple parameters of CPR quality.There were 20 cases in each group.And the experiment group had told the information of CPR quality to the medical staffs when they performed CPR,in order to adjust their operating of CPR.Results The correct rates of each index were 91.3%in the chest compression rate,83.8% in the compression depth,72.3%in the ventilation rate,77.5% in the discontinue time without chest compression,and 77.5% in the no-flow fraction in the experiment group.There were significant differences between the control group and the experiment group(P<0.01 for a11).And all the correct rates of the experiment group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.01 for all).Conclusions The question of CPR quality occur even the CPR technology performed by well-trained medical staffs.So it is important to strengthen the monitoring of parameters of clinical CPR qualitv,establish the information feedback system,and improve the compliance of clinical CPR on American Heart Association and international guidelines.

AIMTo investigate the role of extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) cascade on cerebral ischemia and ischemic preconditioning in hippocampal neuron.

METHODSMale gerbils were randomly divided into sham group (SH), ischemia/reperfusion group (I/ R), ischemia preconditioning group (IP), specific antagonist of ERK-PD98059 (PD), solvent control groups (VE group), PD98059 combined with IP group (PIP). Forebrain ischemia was induced by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries and confirmed by isoelectricity of EEG. Observations were carried out in each group 15 min, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d and 7 d after ischemia. Open field test was used to examine the spontaneous motor activity, the survival and apoptotic neurons, Fos and NF-kappaB masculine neurons in hippocampal CA1 region were counted, the expression of HSP70 in hippocampal CA1 region and p-ERK in hippocampal CA3/DG regions were detected by SABC immunocytochemical technique.

RESULTSThe spontaneous motor activity, the number of apoptotic neurons and NF-kappaB masculine neurons at 1 d, 3 d, 5 d, 7 d in CA1 region were much less in IP group than in I/R group (P < 0.01). The number of Fos masculine neurons at 15 min, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 1 d in CA1 region were significant more in IP group than in I/R group (P < 0.01). The expressions of p-ERK and HSP70 were significantly higher in IP group than in I/R group. The number of Fos masculine neurons at each point were more and apoptotic neurons at 1 d, 3 d were less in PD group than in I/R group. Results of observation in PIP group were within IP group and I/R group.

CONCLUSIONActivation of ERK in CA3/DG regions were related to ischemic tolerance. Induction of the expression of Fos and HSP70, decreasing of the product of NF-kB which might be one of the molecule mechanisms playing an important role in neural protection of ischemic preconditioning.

Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; metabolism ; Gerbillinae ; Hippocampus ; blood supply ; cytology ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; Male ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; physiology

Objective To study the effect of Kangdaxin on cardiac function in rats with cardio-renal syndrome, and to explore its protective mechanism based on ASK1-JNK/p 38 pathway. Methods Sixty SD rats were divided into sham group, heart failure group (HF group) , cardio-renal syndrome group (CRS group) , heart failure interventiongroup and cardio-renal syndrome intervention group. The sham group, heart failure group, cardio-renal syndrome group were given normal saline, the heart failure intervention group, and the cardio-renal syndrome intervention group were given 2. 7 m L·kg-1·d-1 Kangdaxin oral solution. Left ventricular shortening fraction and left ventricular ejection fraction were measured by cardiac ultrasound after modeling or treatment; heart weight/body weight (Hw/W) and left ventricular weight/body weight (LVw/W) were calculated after sacrifice of the rats. The gene and protein expression levels of ASK1, JNK and p38 in heart tissue of each group were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q PCR) and immunob-lotting. The myocardial cells of each group were detected by flow cytometry.Results The left ventricular fraction, left ventricular ejection fraction, Hw/W and LVw/W in sham group were (31. 17 ± 2. 15) ％, (61. 08 ± 3. 45) ％, (3. 43 ± 0. 31) mg·g-1 and (2. 50 ± 0. 27) mg·g-1; the above indicators in heart failure group were (24. 42 ± 1. 98) ％, (42. 08 ± 4. 57) ％, (4. 10 ± 0. 21) mg · g-1, (2. 89 ± 0. 26) mg·g-1, the above indicators in cardio-renal syndrome group were (18. 50 ± 2. 84) ％, (38. 25 ± 3. 96) ％, (4. 84 ± 0. 32) mg·g-1, (3. 89 ± 0. 18) mg·g-1, compared with the sham operation group, all differences were statistically significant (all P < 0. 05) . The left ventricular shortening scores of heart failure intervention group and cardio-renal syndrome inte-rvention group were (27. 33 ± 3. 14) ％, (22. 67 ± 2. 66) ％, and the left ventricular ejection fraction were (50. 00 ± 3. 70) ％, (43. 83 ± 3. 78) ％, LVw/W were (2. 60 ± 0. 25) , (3. 63 ± 0. 22) mg·g-1.The differences between the heart failure group and the cardio-renal syndrome group were all statistically significant (all P < 0. 05) . The expressions of ASK1, JNK and p38 mRNA and protein in heart tissue of heart failure group and cardio-renal syndrome group were significantly lower than those in sham operation group (all P < 0. 05) .The apoptotic rate of cardiomyocytes in heart failure group and cardio-renal syndrome group were (24. 14 ± 5. 51) ％, (35. 60 ± 8. 75) ％, which was significantly higher than that in sham operation group (7. 87 ± 3. 13) ％ (all P < 0. 05) . The apoptotic rate of cardiomyocytes in heart failure intervention group and cardio-renal syndrome intervention group were (14. 12 ± 5. 98) ％, (26. 50 ± 7. 22) ％, compared with heart failure group and cardio-renal syndrome group, the differences were all statistically significant (all P < 0. 05) .Conclusion Kangdaxin oral solution has cardioprotective effect on cardio-renal syndrome rats which can inhibit the expressions of ASK1, JNK and p38 mRNA and protein in heart tissue, inhibit ASK1-JNK/p38 signaling pathway and decrease myocardial cell apoptosis.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the anginal attack-relieving efficacy and safety of Kuanxiong Aerosol (KA) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).

METHODSA total of 780 patients confirmatively diagnosed as CHD angina from November 2011 to December 2012 in 13 medical centers in the mainland area were assigned to 2 groups by blocked randomization, the treatment group (376 cases) and the control group (374 cases). When the angina attacked, patients in the treatment group received sublingual spray three times, 0.6 mL each time, while those in the control group sublingually dissolved Nitroglycerin Tablet (NT), 0.5 mg each tablet. The effective rate of angina relief, efficacy of electrocardiogram (ECG), and the incidence of adverse reactions were observed.

RESULTSThe 3 min and 5 min remission rates of angina attack were 53.72% (202/376) and 94.41% (355/376) in the treatment group, and 47.86% (179/374) and 90.64% (339/374) in the control group. The 95% confidence interval (CI) of the difference between the 2 groups of 3 min and 5 min remission rates of angina attacks were [(-1.84%, 12.32%) and (-1.33%, 6.85%) respectively, P > 0.05]. The total improvement rates of ST-T changes in the treatment group and the control group after treatment were 74.07% and 73.13% respectively (P > 0.05). The adverse reaction rate was 9.31 (35/376 cases) in the treatment group and 22.46% (84/374 cases) in the control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONKA was not inferior to NT in relieving anginal attacks and improving ischemic ECG changes, and had obviously less adverse reaction.

Aged ; Angina Pectoris ; drug therapy ; Coronary Disease ; drug therapy ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oils, Volatile ; therapeutic use ; Phytotherapy

Objective To observe the prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao populations.Methods A toLal of 1170 subiects of Bai Ku Yao aged 15 and over were surveyed by a stratified randomized cluster sampling.Blood pressure,body height,weight,waist circumference,serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels were measured, and body mass index(BMI)were calculated,matched 1173 subjects of Han Chinese from the same region served as control.Results The standardized prevalence of hypertension in Bai Ku Yao was significantly lower than that in Han(11.53% vs.16.79%,P<0.01).The mean levels of systolic,diastolic blood pressure,and pulse pressure in Bai Ku Yao were also signifieanfly lower than those in Han[(115.7 ±16.3)vs.(120.0±16.3)mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),P<0.01;(74.1 ±9.4)vs.(75.9 ±10.4)mm Hg,P<0.01;and(41.6 ± 12.0)vs.(44.2 ±11.2)mm Hg,P<0.01;respectively].Hypertension was positively correlated with male,age,physical activity,BMI,waist circumference,and the intakes of total energy,total fat,and sodium,and negatively associated with education level in both ethnic groups(P<0.05-0.01),but was positively associated with alcohol consumption only in Han.The rates of awareness,treatment and control of hypertension were significantly lower in Bai Ku Yao than those in Han population[(11.81%vs.21.76%),P<0.05;(5.51%vs.12.95%),P<0.05;and(2.36%vs.8.29%),P<0.05;respectively].Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension was significantly lower in Bai Ku Yao population than in Han population and diet,low sodium inmke,life style,and genetic factors might be responsible for the lower hypertension prevalence in Bai Ku Yao population.

Objective To observe the influence of dapagliflozin tablets on myocardial enzymes,mitral valve blood flow and major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)after interventional therapy.Methods AMI patients with T2DM were divided into control group and treatment group by cohort method.The control group was given aspirin tablets 300 mg and ticagrelor 180 mg orally,qd,until the day of interventional treatment.After interventional therapy,aspirin tablets 100 mg,qd,oral ticagrelor tablets 90 mg each time,once in the morning and once in the evening.On the basis of the treatment in the control group,the patients in the treatment group were given dapagliflozin tablets 5-10 mg,qd,every morning after admission.After 3 months of continuous treatment,the clinical efficacy,blood glucose control effect[fasting plasma glucose(FPG),2 hour postprandial blood glucose(2 h PG)],myocardial enzymes indicators[creatine kinase(CK),creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB(CK-MB)],ventricular remodeling indicators[left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular end systolic diameter(LVESD)],adverse drug reactions and MACE were compared between the two groups.Results There were 55 cases in the control group and 59 cases in the treatment group.After treatment,the total effective rates of the treatment group and the control group were 88.14％(52 cases/59 cases)and 72.73％(40 cases/55 cases),respectively,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).After treatment,the FPG of the treatment group and the control group were(7.29±0.71)and(7.81±0.75)mmol·L-1,respectively;the 2 h PG were(8.66±1.33)and(9.59±1.38)mmol·L-1,respectively;the CK were(145.68±29.82)and(163.68±42.16)U·L-1,respectively;the CK-MB were(8.21±2.37)and(10.33±3.08)U·L-1,respectively;the LVEF were(57.63±8.74)％and(51.41±6.49)％,respectively;LVESD were(33.26±5.33)and(39.51±5.38)mm,respectively.The above indexes in the treatment group were significantly different from those in the control group(all P＜0.05).During the treatment,the adverse drug reactions in the treatment group mainly included nausea and vomiting,diarrhea,constipation.The adverse drug reactions in the control group mainly included hypoglycemia,diarrhea,headache.The total incidence of adverse drug reactions in the treatment group and the control group was 6.68％(4 cases/59 cases)and 9.09％(5 cases/55 cases),respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).After 3 months of follow-up,the total incidence of MACE in the treatment group and the control group was 5.08％and 18.18％,respectively,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Dapagliflozin has a significant efficacy in the treatment of AMI patients with T2DM,and it can enhance the effect of blood glucose control,reduce the myocardial injury,inhibit the ventricular remodeling,and reduce the risk of MACE,with high safety.

OBJECTIVETo explore the association of the platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) gene rs5938, rs313152 and rs76744145 polymorphisms with coronary heart disease (CHD) and blood stasis syndrome (BSS) of CHD in Chinese Han population.

METHODSA total of 570 CHD patients (299 with BSS and 271 with non-BSS) and 317 controls were enrolled. The PAFR gene rs5938, rs313152 and rs76744145 polymorphisms were genotyped using the multiplex SNaPshot technology. The statistical analysis was conducted using a multiple variable logistic regression model.

RESULTSSignificant differences were detected in the genotypes frequency distributions of the rs5938 (P<0.01), but not the rs313152 (P>0.05), between the controls and CHD patients. Individuals with an rs5938 or rs313152 mutated allele had a low risk for CHD [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.23 to 0.56, P<0.01; aOR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.46 to 0.91, P<0.05, respectively]. After the CHD patients were stratified as BSS or non-BSS according to their Chinese medicine patterns, the rs5938 polymorphism mutated alleles had a significant association with a low risk for BSS of CHD (aOR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.57, P<0.01) and non-BSS of CHD (aOR=0.31, 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.55, P<0.01). The rs313152 polymorphism was associated with a low risk for BSS (aOR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.79, P<0.01), but not for non-BSS (aOR=1.22, 95% CI: 0.81 to 1.85, P<0.05). Furthermore, the interaction effect of the rs5938 and rs313152 polymorphisms for BSS of CHD was significantly based on an aOR value associated with the combination of the rs5938 GT genotype with the rs313152 TC genotype of 0.27 (95% CI: 0.1 to 0.7, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe PAFR gene rs5938 or rs313152 polymorphisms might be a potential biomarker for susceptibility to CHD, especially to BSS of CHD in Chinese Han population.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of post stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). Method:Seven databases, including CNKI, WanFang, VIP, CBM, PubMed, The Cochrane library and ClinicalTrials.gov, were electronically searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TCM in the treatment of PSCI. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies, descriptive analysis was carried out on the included studies, and the Meta quantitative analysis was carried out with RevMan 5.3 software. Result:A total of 16 RCTs were included with 1 296 participants, and they were assigned to the intervention group (n=649) and the control group (n=647). The results showed that TCM combined with western medicine group and TCM group were better than western medicine group in improving the scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), Barthel Index (BI), Activity of Daily Living (ADL), Chinese stroke scale (CSS) and National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) of PSCI patients, and no serious adverse events were observed. Conclusion:TCM has potential advantages in improving the cognitive function of patients with PSCI, and it also has certain efficacy in improving the daily living ability and neurological impairment symptoms, and no serious adverse events have been observed. Due to the low quality of methodology included in the studies, in order to provide reliable basis for clinical decision-making, high-quality of RCTs are still needed to study the efficacy and safety of TCM for PSCI.