Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sorafenib in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma.Methods The clinical date of 33 patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma from September 2007 to April 2012 was reviewed retrospectively.26 were males and 7 were females,with an average age of 69 years.Pathological diagnosis showed 30 clear cell RCCs,2 papillary RCCs,and 1 unclassified RCC.These patients were treated by sorafenib 400 mg twice a day until intolerable toxicity or disease progression.The primary end points were objective response rate,clinical benefit rate,median survival time,median progression-free survival and the incidence of adverse reaction.Results All patients were evaluable for response and toxicity,with 8 patients (24％) of partial remission,19 cases (58％) of stable disease,and 6 cases (18％) of disease progression.The disease control rate was 82％,the median progression-free survival was 10.2 months,while the median survival time was 16.5 months.The common adverse reactions included hand-foot skin reaction (61％),diarrhea (46％),hypertension (21％).Most adverse reactions occurred around the second week after drug therapy,with the duration unequal.The majority of adverse reactions could be released by symptomatic treatment,which did not affect the medication.Conclusion Sorafenib has good short term efficacy for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma,and most adverse reactions were tolerable.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electric Stimulation ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; metabolism ; Parkinson Disease ; metabolism ; Rats ; Subthalamic Nucleus ; metabolism

AIMTo observe the change of STR neuronal firing rates with high frequency stimulation of subthalamic nucleus in PD rats.

METHODSA model of Parkinson's disease was induced by unilateral administration of 6-hydroxydopamine into right substantia nigra in rats. After the high-frequency stimulation to STN, the spontaneous firing rates of STR on normal and PD rats were recorded by using extracellular recordings.

RESULTSStimulation caused a direct excited effect of STR neurons in normal rats whereas a excited and inhibited effect in PD rats. The inhibited effect was correlated with the stimulation period (r = 0.94).

CONCLUSIONStimulation to STN may inhibit the spontaneous firing rates of STR neurons in PD rats. These results also give some clues that high-frequency stimulation to STN may be a effective therapy to the clinical treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Action Potentials ; Animals ; Corpus Striatum ; physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; Male ; Neurons ; physiology ; Parkinson Disease ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Subthalamic Nucleus

Case recruitment of large-scale clinical trials should be strictly checked in quality and quantity for it is the key to clinical trial. This study discusses the main difficulties and countermeasures in the case recruitment of large sample, multi-center clinical trials according to the national research project "Myocardial Infarction Secondary Prevention Study in Traditional Chinese Medicine".

ObjectiveTo evaluate the improvement on test performance of UniCel DxH 800 automated hematology analyzer for complete blood count (CBC) by detecting its performance indicators and comparing the differences of the results with LH 750 hematology analyzer and ADVIA 2120 hematology analyzer.MethodsThe precision,carryover and linearity of UniCel DxH 800 in measurement of CBC were evaluated by using fresh blood samples and instrument quality control of products.To evaluate the accuracy of leukocyte differential count and reticulocyte count with the microscopic method as the “gold standard”.To calculate the bias and correlation between the results measured by LH 750,ADVIA 2120 and UniCel DxH 800 hematology analyzers and compare these three instruments on the validity of the alarm in abnormal cells.ResultsIntra-precision:The coefficient of variation (CV) of the results of RBC,Hb and MCV were less than 0.5％,the CV of WBC and PLT results were less than 1.5％.Inter-precision:the CV of the parameters above were less than 2.5％.The carryover rate of WBC,RBC,Hb,MCV and PLT were less than 0.51％.In the concentration range covered by clinical samples,the correlation coefficients between the measured values and theoretical value in testing WBC,RBC,Hb and PLT were greater than 0.999 ( P ＜0.01 ).The measurement results of WBC,RBC,Hb,MCV and PLT hy UniCel DxH 800,ADV1A 2120 and LH 750 hematology analyzers have good correlation (r ＞ 0.973,P ＜ 0.01 ).Correlation of reticulocyte count between the UniCel DxH 800 hematology analyzer and microscolpic method was significant (r =0.920,P ＜0.01 ).Correlation of leukocyte differential count about the grauulocytes, lymphocytes and eosinophils between the UniCel DxH 800 hematology analyzer and microscopic method was good (r =0.914,0.900 and 0.725,P ＜0.01 ),followed by monocytes ( r =0.612,P ＜0.01 ),which were better than the LH 750 with similar detection principle.The UniCel DxH 800 hematology analyzer demonstrated higher sensitivity (96.6％ ) for the alarm of abnormal cells and achieved a lower false-negative rate (2.5％ ).Meanwhile,the sensitivity of the neutrophil nuclei left shift was higher (90.5％ ) and the false-negative rate (5.0％) was lower.ConclusionsThe UniCel DxH 800 hematology analyzer for complete blood count shows advantages of high precision,low carryover rate and wide linear range.The results detected by the UniCel DxH 800 hematology analyzer have good correlation with the LH 750 and ADVIA 2120.

BackgroundChoriodal neovascularization is an important ocular manifestation of angiogenesis in eyes,which derives from the choroid capillaries.Recent studies have found that complement activation is playing a key role in the laser-induced CNV.Because of the key position of CFB in the alternative pathway,bytargeting CFB and blocking the alternative pathway may provide an approach to observe the role of this alternative pathway in the generation of CNV.Objective This study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of reconstructed complement factor B (CFB)-small interfering ribonucleicacid(siRNA)on choroidal neovascularization (CNV)and its mechanism. Methods Experimental CNV was induced by laser photocoagulation in 96 eyes of 48 clean Brown Norway rats.The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups.25,50 and 75 μg B factor siRNA were injected via caudal vein on 1 day,3,5 days after photocoagulation in different dose groups,and normal saline solution was injected at the same way in experimental control group.Other 12 normal rats were used as blank control group.Fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA) was performed on 3,7,14,21,28 days after injection of CFB-siRNA and CNV was scored.The expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and factor Ⅷ in choroid were detected by immunochemistry.The expressions of CFB-siRNA,VEGF,transforming growth factor β2( TGF-β2 )proteins in choroid were determined using immunochemistry in 7,14,21,28 days,and the expressions of mRNA of CFB-siRNA,VEGF,TGF-β2 were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). ResultsFFA revealed that the CNV rates in various doses of CFB-siRNA groups were significant lower than those of experimental control group in various time points(P＜0.05),and those in 75 μg B factor siRNA were decreased in comparison with 25 μg B factor siRNA (P＜0.05).Immunochemistry showed that the intensities of the VEGF and factor Ⅶ expression in various doses of CFB-siRNA groups were weaker than the blank control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with the control group,the expression of CFB reduced in 7 days,and then approached to the level near the control group.Fourteen to twenty-one days after injection of CFB-siRNA,VEGF and TGF-β2 depressions in different doses of CFB-siRNA groups were lower than blank control group( P＜0.05 ).CFB expression in choroid showed the lower levels in CFB-siRNA injection group compared with blank control group in from 7 through 21 days (P＜0.05).RT-PCR displayed the gradual increase of CFB mRNA and curve-like changes of VEGF and TGF-β2 with time prolong. Conclusions Recombinated CFB-siRNA can effectively inhibit laser-induced CNV by down-regulating the expression of VEGF and factor Ⅷ.Alternative pathway of complement plays an important role in the production of CNV.

Objective To study the anti-tumor effects of humulon on arylamine N-acetyltransferase-1(NAT1)activity.Methods Employing HPLC,using PABA as substrate,in intact SGC-7901 cells and their cytoplasm,making PABA being acetylated to Ac-PABA by NAT1 as the activity of NAT1.Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)assay was used to study the expression of the NAT1 mRNA.Results The results show that humulon could inhibit the production of Ac-PABA in intact SGC-7901 cell and the cytoplasm,the production of Ac-PABA was gradually increased with the interaction time increasing.But comparing with corresponding negative control group's,the production of Ac-PABA was decreased evidently and the humulone could inhibit the expression of NAT1 mRNA.Conclusion Humulon could prevent the occurrence and deterioration of cancer.Its mechanisms can be attributed to its effect on decreasing the production of acetylation of carcinogenic aromatic amines,which is acetylated from aromatic amines,and inhibiting the NAT1 activity and expression of NAT1 mRNA.

Objective To explore the effects of humulon on kinetic parameters of N-acetyltransferase-1(NAT1) of human gastric cancer SGC-7901.Methods Employing HPLC,using para-aminobenzoic acid(PABA) as substrate,in intact SGC-7901 cells and their cytoplasm,taking the speed of PABA being acetylated to Ac-PABA by NAT1 as the rate of NAT1,using double reciprocal plot,taking the reciprocal of concentration of PABA and reaction rate of NAT1 as coordinates,regression equation was obtainied and the Michaelis constant(Km) and maximum reaction velocity(Vmax) were calculated.Results Study on enzyme kinetics demonstrated,as for intact SGC-7901 cells,Km and Vmax of control group were(3.910?0.087) ?mol/L and(0.306 0?0.006 7) pmol/L(1?106 cells),respectively,Km and Vmax of the humulon group were(3.830?0.123) ?mol/L and(0.275 0?0.005 8) pmol(1?106 cells),respectively.As for the cytoplasm of SGC-7901 cells,Km and Vmax of control group were(760.2?210.2) ?mol/L and(0.191 0?0.043 7) pmol/(mg?min),Km and Vmax of the humulon group were(449.0?72.9) ?mol/L and(0.094 0?0.010 4) pmol/(mg?min).Statistically,as for intact SGC-7901 cells or their cytoplasm,there was no difference of the Km between control group and humulon group,but there was remarkable difference of Vmax between control group and humulon group,P

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Runing II on expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in transplanted tumor of mammary cancer MA-891 in TA2 mice.

METHODSThe MA-981 mice mammary cancer cell cultivated in vivo was inoculated into the right axilla subcutaneously of TA2 mice to establish the transplanted tumor model, which were treated with Runing II.

RESULTSRuning II could inhibit the growth of transplanted tumor and the occurrence of lung metastasis (P < 0.05), reduce the expression of VEGF protein and mRNA in tumor tissue (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONRuning II could reduce the expression of VEGF protein and mRNA, hence to inhibit the growth of tumor and lung metastasis.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental ; metabolism ; Mice ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; biosynthesis ; genetics

A 24-year-old male suffered from acute nephritic syndrome, liver dysfunction, and mesenteric mass. Laboratory examination showed a variety of autoantibodies (ANA, SM, and A-β2-GP1) were positive. The biopsies of the kidney and the mesenteric mass were performed. The diagnosis was typeⅤ + Ⅲ lupus nephritis accompanied with Castleman's disease. Then the patient was given induction therapy of glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide for the first 3 months, followed by rituximab as maintenance therapy. The patient was followed up after 0, 3, and 9 months. After 3-month treatment, lupus nephritis was partially remitted, and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) decreased to 4 scores in an inactivity phase from 20 scores in a serious activity phase at baseline. Nine months later, lupus nephritis was completely remitted and 50％ mesenteric mass was regressed through CT scanning. Lupus nephritis can accompany with multicentric Castleman's disease. Due to lack of clinical specificity and effective therapy, patients may have a high misdiagnosis rate and poor prognosis. The most reliable way to establish a definitive diagnosis relays on histopathologic confirmation. The management of induction therapy of glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide, followed maintenance therapy of rituximab may become a beneficial treatment.