Objective According to the Domain Specific Theory (DST) in risk-taking, this study intended to construct adolescent risk-taking behavior questionnaire and risk perception questionnaire inferred many domains for studying the adolescent risk-taking behavior and risk perception. Methods With 422 middle school students in Yinchuan as subjects to develop the questionnaire. 2402 middle school students in Ningxia and Anhui were surveyed using the questionnaire. Results Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) indicated that both of the questionnaires contain four domains named society, recreation, safe and moral, and 33 items, which could explain 41.25% and 45.5% of the total variance respectively. The split-half reliability were 0.848, 0.890 and the coefficient of internal consistency were 0.900 and 0.938. The fit indices of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were as follows: x2/df=8.36 and 6.73, RMSEA=0.066 and 0.054, NFI=0.97 and 0.97, CFI=0.97 and 0.97 separately. Gender difference in adolescent risk-taking behavior and risk perception were noticed, with F(1, 2288) =56.256, P<0.001 ,F(1, 2288) =10.766, P=0.05. The adolescent risk-taking behaviors increased with age, F(2, 2288) =140.067, P<0.001, while the risk perception decreased with age, F{2,2288) =54.900,P<0.001. Adolescent on the highest score was in the social risk, followed by recreation, morality and safety. Conclusion Our results showed the newly developed scales were reliable and valid enough to be applicable to measure the adolescent risk-taking behavior and risk perception.

ObjectiveTo analyze the internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) intervent medical university students' social anxiety,and provide experiences and theoretical basis for future social anxiety interventions.Methods45 medical students of social anxiety were voluntarily divided into the one-to-one intervention group,one-to-five intervention group and control group.The control group did not intervene,one-to-one intervention group and one-to-five intervention group were interfered single person or team by cognitive behavioral therapy,respectively.The level and symptom of social anxiety of the 3 groups were assessed before and after the intervention by social phobia inventory(SPIN) and Social anxiety symptoms interview inventory.ResultsAfter the intervention,the scores of SPIN and the 3 subscales within it (fear,avoidance and physiological) of one-to-one ICBT group and one-to-five ICBT group were lower than those of the control group (SPIN scores:one-to-one ICBT group 15.60 ±7.87,one-to-five ICBT group 14.87 ± 8.83,control group 20.20 ± 11.46).Variance analysis showed that,in addition to physiological subscale(F =0.641,P ＞ 0.05 ),the scores of SPIN,fear and avoidance subscales had significant differences among the3 groups (F=3.764,P=0.018; F=3.606,P=0.021 ; F=5.444,P=0.005).In the analysis of participants'social anxiety symptoms,after treatment,in one-to-one ICBT group,there was 1 participant changed into subthreshold social anxiety and 1 participant into normal in the 2 threshold social anxiety participants.All the 3 subthreshold social anxiety participants changed into normal.In one-to-five ICBT group,there was 1 threshold social anxiety participant lapsed to subthreshold social anxiety,1 subthreshold social anxiety participants still remained in subthreshold social anxiety,2 symptomatic social anxiety participants changed into normal.But there were no significant changes in control group.ConclusionsAll the two methods of intervention have a certain effect.The effect of one-to-one intervention therapy is most significant.

Objective To examine the expression of urocortin mRNA during labor and the effect of uroco rtin on myometrial contractility, and to investigate its role in the onset and p rogress of labor. Methods (1) Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT -PCR),using ?-actin as internal standard was applied to determine the levels of urocortin mRNA in human placenta and myometrium from the group of cesarean se ction before (10 cases) and during (10 cases in latent phase and 10 cases in act ive phase) labor.(2) The isolated myometrial strips of pregnant women (n=24 ) were prepared.The effects of urocortin with or without prostaglandin F 2? (PGF 2?) and oxytocin on myometrial contractility were evaluated by area s under the curve. Results (1) Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that the expression level of urocortin mRN A in placenta and myometrium after the onset of labor were higher than before la bor (1.23 ?0.52, 1.32?0.22; 0.83?0.38, 0.94?0.13, respectively, P0.05). Conclusion The study indicates urocortin may indirectly m odulate myometrial contractility during labor.

On the basis of studying the necessity of cultivating the medical students' occupation personality, we should have a further research on the content of their occupation personality. And it's useful for the medical college to renew the concept,strengthen the revolution, pay highly attention to the education of the medical students' occupation personality and promote the development of the medical students'occupation personality.

Image reconstruction is a superior function of multi -slice spiral CT. In this paper, the techniques of image reconstruction for spiral CT are introduced systemically. Combined with experience in actual work, the significance of its clinical application is discussed.

Objective To investigate the expression of calcium-binding protein S100A4 in pancreatic carcinoma and its clinical significannce.Methods Immunohistochemistry EliVisionTM Plus method was used to examine the expression of S100A4 in 70 surgical specimens of primary pancreatic carcinoma and 15 patients with noncarcinoma pancreatic tissues.The correlation between the expression of S100A4 and the clinicopathological parameters was analyzed.Results S100A4 was positive in 52(52/70,74.3％) specimens of primary pancreatic carcinoma according to immunohistochemistry detection.No expression of S100A4 in adjacent noncarcinoma pancreatic tissues was detected.The expression of S100A4 did not correlated with gender,age or tumor site while it was significantly correlated with tumor size,grade of differentiation,TNM stages,lymph node metastasis and survival.Disease-free survival and overall survival of the negative group were significantly longer than the positive group.The difference had statistical significance.Conclusion The study shows that over expression of S100A4 protein is closely related with clinicopathological parameters of pancreatic cancer patients,indicating poor prognosis for pancreatic cancer patients.

Background and purpose: Thyroid carcinoma cells spread mainly through lymph node metastasis, and lymphangiogenesis plays an important role during the lymph node metastasis, but it is not very clear to understand the formation mechanism. This study was to investigate the correlative expressions of HPSE, VEGF-C, D2-40 and lymphangiogenesis in thyroid carcinoma. Methods: Immunohistochemistry SP method was used to detect the expressions of HPSE, VEGF-C and D2-40 in 77 patients with thyroid carcinoma including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC),medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), 32 of them with lymph node metastasis was enrolled into the study, D2-40 stained the lymphatic vessels, and lymphatic vessel density (LVD) was scanned under the light-microscope, and the correlation among the above indexes in different thyroid carcinoma types were analyzed respectively. Results: The expressions of HPSE, VEGF-C and D2-40 were observed to have a different degree in thyroid carcinoma, and the highest expression of the protein could be seen in the patients with papillary carcinoma (P<0.05),The expression ratios of HPSE,VEGF-C and D2-40 in different carcinoma types were 54.9%, 68.6%, 12.8±5.7 for PTC, 37.5%, 50%, 8.6±1.7 for FTC, 20% and 20%, 4.9±0.8 for MTC, respectively. There were significant different expressions of HPSE, VEGF-C and D2-40 between the patients with lymph node-positive group and node-negative group (P=0.014, P=0.048, respectively). In addition, the expressions of them were positively correlated (P<0.001, r=0.616). Conclusion: HPSE, VEGF-C and D2-40 have a close relationship with lymph node metastasis, HPSE and VEGF-C are related to the lymphangiogenesis.

To investigate the protective effect of curcumin on endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in rats, and explore the underlying mechanisms, 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups: sham-vehicle (S), sham-curcumin (C), lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-vehicle (L), and curcumin-lipopolysaccharide (C-L) groups. The wet/dry (W/D) weight ratio of the lung and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid protein content were used as measures of lung injury. Neutrophil recruitment and activation were evaluated by BAL fluid cellularity and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in cell-free BAL and lung tissue. The levels of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-I (CINC-1) in lung tissues were measured by ELISA. The histopathological changes of lung tissues were observed by using the HE staining. Our results showed that lung injury parameters, including the wet/dry weight ratio and protein content in BALF, were significantly higher in the L group than in the S group (P<0.01). In the L group, higher numbers of neutrophils and greater MPO activity in cell-free BAL and lung homogenates were observed when compared with the S group (P<0.01). There was a marked increase in CINC-1 levels in lung tissues in response to LPS challenge (P<0.01, L group vs S group). Curcumin pretreatment significantly attenuated LPS-induced changes in these indices. LPS caused extensive morphological lung damage, which was also lessened after curcumin pretreatment. All the above-mentioned parameters in the C group were not significantly different from those of the S group. It is concluded that curcumin pretreatment attenuates LPS-induced lung injury in rats. This beneficial effect of curcumin may involves, in part, inhibition of neutrophilic recruitment and activity, possibly through inhibition of lung CINC-1 expression.

Objective To explore an evaluation method of quality of care using the 2012 medical record front page.Methods The admission pathway and discharge method information of inpatients discharge recorded in the medical record front pages of the hospital were chosen and evaluated with contingency tables.Results The outcomes indicated that the differences between discharge methods of those admitted through different pathways are significant statistically (x2 =856.55,P ＜ 0.05).The correlation analysis showed that the coefficient of Spearman correlation between the inpatients admitted through different pathways and their discharge methods was -0.11 (P＜0.05).Calculated as such,the score of quality of care was 4.95 for the hospital as a whole.Conclusion The establishment of this evaluation system showed that the indicators set for quality of care using the 2012 medical record front page are scientific,and the results are more objective.

Objective To explore the sensitivity and accuracy of directly sequenced core and non-structrural protein (NS)5B regions for hepatitis C virus (HCV)genotyping.Methods Fifty-one serum samples from chronic hepatitis C patients were collected in the study.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify core and NS5B regions.Genotypes or subtypes were determined by the phylogenetic analysis of directly sequenced core and NS5B regions.Results Among the 51 samples,49 (96.1 %)were successfully typed by phylogenetic analysis of directly sequenced core region.There were overall five genotypes determined in the area,including 1b (61 .2%,30/49 ),2a (20.4%,10/49 ),2b (2.0%,1/49),3a (4.1 %,2/49 )and 6a (12.2%,6/49 ).The positive rate of HCV genotying was 88.2% (45/51 )on the basis of NS5B region.HCV genotypes 1b,2a,2b,3a and 6a were found in 62.2% (28/45),20.0% (9/45 ),2.2% (1/45 ),4.4% (2/45 )and 11 .1 % (5/45 )of the patients, respectively.Conclusion The HCV genotyping based on core regions,compared with that based on NS5B,shows the advantages of primer design,amplification efficiency and accuracy,suggesting that it has the priority to be used in the epidemiological and clinical study of HCV genotyping.