In recent years, with the continuous development and increasing maturity of interventional techniques, interventional treatment for congenital heart disease (CHD) has been progressively disseminated to county- and city-level hospitals in China. Concurrently, the standardized management of adult CHD (particularly patent foramen ovale) and the lifelong management of complex CHD are gaining increasing clinical attention, while the emergence of new techniques and products continuously advances the discipline. This article aims to review the new progress made in the field of interventional treatment for congenital heart disease in China during 2024. It specifically reviews and analyzes the following key aspects: (1) annual statistics on interventional closure procedures for CHD; (2) recent insights into patent foramen ovale closure; (3) advances in transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement; (4) interventional treatment and lifelong management strategies for complex CHD; (5) new interventional techniques for acquired heart disease; and (6) the application of artificial intelligence in CHD management. Through the synthesis and discussion of these topics, this article seeks to provide a detailed analysis of the current landscape of interventional treatment for CHD in China and project its future development trends.

With the increasing proportion of human papilloma virus(HPV)infection in the pathogenic factors of oro-pharyngeal cancer,a series of changes have occurred in the surgical treatment.While the treatment mode has been im-proved,there are still many problems,including the inconsistency between diagnosis and treatment modes,the lack of popularization of reconstruction technology,the imperfect post-treatment rehabilitation system,and the lack of effective preventive measures.Especially in terms of treatment mode for early oropharyngeal cancer,there is no unified conclu-sion whether it is surgery alone or radiotherapy alone,and whether robotic minimally invasive surgery has better func-tional protection than radiotherapy.For advanced oropharyngeal cancer,there is greater controversy over the treatment mode.It is still unclear whether to adopt a non-surgical treatment mode of synchronous chemoradiotherapy or induction chemotherapy combined with synchronous chemoradiotherapy,or a treatment mode of surgery combined with postopera-tive chemoradiotherapy.In order to standardize the surgical treatment of oropharyngeal cancer in China and clarify the indications for surgical treatment of oropharyngeal cancer,this expert consensus,based on the characteristics and treat-ment status of oropharyngeal cancer in China and combined with the international latest theories and practices,forms consensus opinions in multiple aspects of preoperative evaluation,surgical indication determination,primary tumor re-section,neck lymph node dissection,postoperative defect repair,postoperative complication management prognosis and follow-up of oropharyngeal cancer patients.The key points include:① Before the treatment of oropharyngeal cancer,the expression of P16 protein should be detected to clarify HPV status;② Perform enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the maxillofacial region before surgery to evaluate the invasion of oropharyngeal cancer and guide precise surgical resec-tion of oropharyngeal cancer.Evaluating mouth opening and airway status is crucial for surgical approach decisions and postoperative risk prediction;③ For oropharyngeal cancer patients who have to undergo major surgery and cannot eat for one to two months,it is recommended to undergo percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy before surgery to effectively improve their nutritional intake during treatment;④ Early-stage oropharyngeal cancer patients may opt for either sur-gery alone or radiation therapy alone.For intermediate and advanced stages,HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer general-ly prioritizes radiation therapy,with concurrent chemotherapy considered based on tumor staging.Surgical treatment is recommended as the first choice for HPV unrelated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(including primary and re-current)and recurrent HPV related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma after radiotherapy and chemotherapy;⑤ For primary exogenous T1-2 oropharyngeal cancer,direct surgery through the oral approach or da Vinci robotic sur-gery is preferred.For T3-4 patients with advanced oropharyngeal cancer,it is recommended to use temporary mandibu-lectomy approach and lateral pharyngotomy approach for surgery as appropriate;⑥ For cT1-2N0 oropharyngeal cancer patients with tumor invasion depth＞3 mm and cT3-4N0 HPV unrelated oropharyngeal cancer patients,selective neck dissection of levels ⅠB to Ⅳ is recommended.For cN+HPV unrelated oropharyngeal cancer patients,therapeutic neck dissection in regions Ⅰ-Ⅴ is advised;⑦ If PET-CT scan at 12 or more weeks after completion of radiation shows intense FDG uptake in any node,or imaging suggests continuous enlargement of lymph nodes,the patient should undergo neck dissection;⑧ For patients with suspected extracapsular invasion preoperatively,lymph node dissection should include removal of surrounding muscle and adipose connective tissue;⑨ The reconstruction of oropharyngeal cancer defects should follow the principle of reconstruction steps,with priority given to adjacent flaps,followed by distal pedicled flaps,and finally free flaps.The anterolateral thigh flap with abundant tissue can be used as the preferred flap for large-scale postoperative defects.

Oligoasthenozoospermia(OAS)is one of the most common types of male infertility,which,however,still lacks ef-fective treatment.An increasing number of studies have shown the potential therapeutic value of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(ω-3 PUFA)in the treatment of OAS.This article presents an overview of the studies on the effects of ω-3 PUFA on fatty acid composition and metabolism,inflammatory response,and oxidative stress in OAS,hoping to provide some new ideas for the treatment of the dis-ease.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of resveratrol (RSV) on the proliferation of multiple myeloma (MM) cells and its molecular mechanism. METHODS: MM cells (MM1.S, RPMI-8226 and U266) were treated with different concentrations of RSV for 24-72 h. The effect of RSV on the proliferation of MM cells was detected by CCK-8 (cell counting kit-8) assay. RPMI-8226 cells were divided into RSV, miR-21 mimic, RSV+miR-21 mimic, miR-21 inhibitor and RSV+miR-21 inhibitor groups, and transfected with corresponding plasmids. The cell cycle distribution of each group was detected by flow cytometry with propidium iodide (PI) single staining. The cell apoptosis of each group was detected by AnnexinV-FITC/PE-PI double staining. The expression of miR-21 in MM cells treated with RSV and the expression of KLF5 mRNA in each group were detected by qRT-PCR. The expression of KLF5 protein in each group was detected by Western blot. RESULTS: RSV inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of MM cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. After the MM cells were treated with RSV, the number of cells in sub-G₁ phase was increased, and that in G₂/M phase was decreased. Moreover, RSV significantly downregulated the expression of miR-21 in MM cells, and the inhibitory effect of miR-21 mimic on KLF5 expression in MM cells was counteracted by RSV. CONCLUSION RSV may inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of MM cells by inhibiting miR-21 and up-regulating KLF5 expression.
Humans ; Resveratrol/pharmacology* ; Multiple Myeloma/metabolism* ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Apoptosis ; MicroRNAs/genetics*

H 1-antihistamines are widely used in the treatment of various allergic diseases, but there are still many challenges in the safe and rational use of H 1-antihistamines in pediatrics, and there is a lack of guidance on the prescription review of H 1-antihistamines for children.In this paper, suggestions are put forward from the indications, dosage, route of administration, pathophysiological characteristics of children with individual difference and drug interactions, so as to provide reference for clinicians and pharmacists.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of Xiaoluowan(Ⅱ)on epididymitis.Methods:61 patients with epi-didymitis were divided into two groups,acute group(23 cases)and non-acute group(38 cases).Both groups of patients were treated with Xiaoluowan(Ⅱ)6g twice a day orally,while acute group patients were given antibiotics intravenously.The treatment period is 4 weeks.The acute group evaluates the therapeutic efficacy comprehensively based on changes in clinical symptoms and signs,while re-cording changes in visual pain score(VAS).Chronic epididymitis symptom index(CESI)was used to evaluate the clinical symptoms before and after treatment in the non-acute group,and the curative efficacy was evaluated.Results:After treatment,the VAS scores in the acute group decreased from 7.08±1.09 to 2.10±1.37(P＜0.05).Total efficiency is 82.60％.In the non-acute group,the scores of pain before and after treatment were 7.08±1.09 and 2.10±1.37,the scores of quality of life were 7.28±1.14 and 1.87±1.56,the total scores were 14.37±1.78 and 3.97±2.73,respectively.The difference was significant(P＜0.05).Total efficiency is 84.21％.Conclusion:Xiaoluowan(Ⅱ)is an effective method to treat epididymitis and an effective supplement to modern medicine.

Objective To perform prokaryotic expression and preliminary characterization of the recombinant poly-epitope vaccine EgG1Y162-2 (4) against cystic echinococcosis. Methods The recombinant poly-epitope vaccine EgG1Y162-2 (4) against Echinococcus granulosus based on the linker GSGGSG was subjected to structural three-dimensional (3D) modeling using immunoinformatics to analyze the structural changes and evaluate the antigenicity of the vaccine. The pET30a-EgG1Y162-2 (4) recombinant plasmid was generated using double digestion with EcoR I and Sal I, and then transformed into competent cells. Following protein induction with isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG), the prokaryotic expression proteins were characterized using Western blotting, and the antigenicity of the recombinant protein was analyzed using sera from cystic echinococcosis patients and health volunteers. Results The four EgG1Y162-2 proteins coupled by the 3D structure of the recombinant vaccine EgG1Y162-2 (4) presented independent and effective expression and good antigenicity. The highest protein expression was detected in the supernatant following induction of the recombinant plasmid pET30a-EgG1Y162-2 (4) by 0.2 mmol/L IPTG at 37 °C for 4 h, and a pure protein component was seen following elution with 60 mmol/L imidazole. Western blotting analysis of the recombinant multiepitope protein HIS-EgG1Y162-2 (4) showed a band at approximately 39 kDa, and this band was recognized by sera from cystic echinococcosis patients. Conclusion A recombinant poly-epitope vaccine EgG1Y162-2 (4) against cystic echinococcosis has been successfully constructed, which provides a preliminary basis for researches on recombinant multi-epitope vaccine against cystic echinococcosis.

Objective: To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese Criteria of Health Scale for the elderly people. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among older adults of Meiyuan Community in Haidian District, Beijing and Nanwangkong Village in Qingzhou City,Shandong Province during July 2021. Using a cluster sampling method, totally 667 elderly people were investigated by face-to-face interview, using the scale which was formulated after two rounds of the Delphi method and pilot study. The overall scale includes physical health, mental health and social health subscales, including 9, 52 and 15 items, respectively. Four weeks after the survey, 56 elderly people were randomly selected and repeated the survey with the same method. The test-retest reliability, split-half reliability and internal consistency reliability of the scale were evaluated, and the validity was evaluated at the same time, including construct validity and content validity. Results: A total of 710 questionnaires were distributed and 667 valid questionnaires were obtained, with a total effective rate of 93.94%. The score of the overall scale was 79.79±16.22, the scores of the physical health, mental health, social health sub-scores were 41.64±9.76, 26.82±3.92 and 11.34±5.19, respectively. The scale had excellent reliability. In the test-retest reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the overall scale and each subscale were 0.766-0.861, and the weighted Kappa values were 0.762-0.817. The Spearman-Brown coefficient of the overall scale and each subscale in the split-half reliability were 0.722-0.855 (all P<0.001). The Cronbach's α coefficients of the overall scale of internal consistency reliability and each subscale were 0.748-0.899, and the Cronbach's α coefficients of each dimension were from 0.709 to 0.963(all P<0.001). At the same time, the scale had good construct validity and content validity. The correlation coefficients between the score of each dimension and its sub-scale were larger, from 0.641 to 0.873 (all P<0.05). The cumulative variance contribution rates of the scale and three subscales were all more than 50% of the approved standard. A total of 11 common factors were extracted, and all the load values of each item on the corresponding factors were ≥0.04. Conclusion: The Chinese Criteria of Health Scale for the elderly people has good validity and excellent reliability. It can be used as a basis for the scientific division of the health status of the elderly, the formulation of relevant policies by the government and the provision of appropriate health services for the elderly.
Humans ; Aged ; Reproducibility of Results ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Pilot Projects ; East Asian People ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Psychometrics/methods* ; China

Trauma center is an important link of trauma treatment, which is beneficial for professional integrated treatment of trauma patients and reduction of disability and death rate. The establishment of trauma rescue and treatment system is conducive to improving the regional trauma treatment capacity, rationalizing the layout of medical resources and standardizing the trauma treatment. Making full use of geographic information system (GIS) to analyze the big data such as the number of trauma patients, population, ground traffic situation and geographic information in the region and scientifically plan the number and location of trauma centers in the region is crucial to further optimize the geographic layout of trauma treatment centers, coordinate regional trauma treatment resources and improve the overall treatment capacity and is conducive to optimizing trauma treatment resources, improving regional trauma treatment capacity and reducing the disability and death rate of trauma patients. Based on domestic and foreign literature researches, the authors discuss how to use GIS to optimize the trauma rescue and treatment system in China in order to provide a useful reference for construction of regional trauma rescue and treatment system.