A UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was used to determinate the main active fractions gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, myricetrin, hyperoside and quercitrin in Polygonum capitatum extracts by in situ intestinal perfusion models; the absorption rate constants and cumulative penetration rate of absorption were calculated. The effect of different drug concentrations, different intestine segments, bile and P-gp inhibitors on the absorption mechanism of Gallic acid and other compositions in P. capitatum extracts. The experimental results showed that gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, myricetrin and quercitrin were observed saturated at high concentration (P < 0.05). Bile had significant inhibition effect on protocatechuic acid absorption and had promotion effect on myricetrin and hyperoside absorption (P < 0.05). P-gp inhibitor verapamil could significantly enhance the absorption of Protocatechuic acid (P < 0.05). The overall trend for absorption of various compositions was that small intestine > colon. This indicated that the absorption mechanism of P. capitatum extracts in rat intestine was in line with fist-order kinetics characteristics. The composition could be absorbed in all of the different intestinal segments, and the absorption was mainly concentrated in small intestine. The protocatechuic acid may be the substrate of P-gp.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Female ; Intestinal Absorption ; Intestines ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Male ; Polygonum ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

A UPLC method has been developed in the current investigation for simultaneous determination of nine chemical markers of Bletilla striata, 4-hydroxymethylphenyl beta-D-glucoside, blestroside, dactylorhin A, militarine, dihydrophenanthrene 5, gymnoside V, dihydrophenanthrene 1, benzylphenanthrene 3 and gymnosides IX. Separation was performed at 45 degrees C on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 1.7 microm) with a gradient solvent system of acetonitrile-water as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.3 mL x min(-1), the detection wavelength was 280 nm. The results showed that the nine chemical markers could be well resolved and that in the selected linear range, all calibration curves of the nine chemical markers showed good linearity (r > or = 0.999 3). The recoveries (n = 6) were in the range of 98.15% - 102.2% and RSDs were between 2.1% - 3.6%. The data suggested that the developed UPLC-UV method had good reproducibility, robustness, and accuracy, which was suitable for the quality control of Bletilla striata. Applications of the method showed that the nine chemical markers had higher contents in the wild B. striata than in the cultivated ones.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry

This dissertation is to determine the biopotency of hemostat which processed in different places by establishing a bioassay method of Bletillae Rhizoma based on the thrombin time. Contrast test is the main methodology. Specifically, the reference substance of Bletillae Rhizoma is determined by comparing with the control substance of vitamin K1 using thrombin time, which is calibrated the Bletillae Rhizoma. The hemostatic biopotency is calculated by using the method of "parallel line assay method based on quantitative responses" (3.3) from different processed products. It indicates that there is a strong linear correlation between Bletillae Rhizoma and control drugs (Y = 66.332-23.913X, R2 = 0.995 3). The hemostatic biopotency of Bletillae Rhizoma from different processed products ranged between 821.93-1 187.53 U x g(-1) shown in the paper, and all of them can meet the requirements of the test. The methodology has an appropriate instrument precision (RSD 3.8%), intermediate precision (RSD 4.6%), repeatability (RSD 3.2%) and stability (RSD 3.7%). Therefore, it can be turned out that the methodology which established in the dissertation is good at determinating the hemostatic biopotency of Bletillae Rhizoma and it is reliable, simple and repeatable.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; standards ; Hemostatics ; pharmacology ; standards ; Orchidaceae ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Thrombin Time

AIM To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous content determination of four constituents in Hydnocarpus anthelmintica Pierre.METHODS The analysis of 60％ ethanol extract from H.anthelmintica was carried out on a 35 ℃ thermostatic Diamonsil C18column (4.6 mm ×250 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of 80％ acetonitrile-0.1％ phosphoric acid flowing at 1.0 mL/min in a gradient manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 347 nm.RESULTS Luteolin,hydnocarpusol,chrysoeriol and hydnocarpin showed good linear relationships within the ranges of 0.0523 6-1.047 μg (r =0.999 9),0.011 24-0.224 8 μg (r =0.999 9),0.029 46-0.589 2 μg (r =0.999 9) and 0.130 5-2.609 μg (r =0.999 9),whose average recoveries were 102.45％ (RSD=1.9％),98.66％ (RSD=1.8％),97.60％ (RSD=1.6％) and 97.88％ (RSD=1.4％),respectively.CONCLUSION This simple,accurate and sensitive method can be used for the quality control of H.anthelmintica.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the first degenerative disease of the nervous system, but no drugs have been found to reverse AD progression. Starting from 2 major pathogenesis of AD, namely amyloid beta (Aβ) cascade and Tau protein, this study systematically reviews anti-Aβ or Tau protein AD new drugs that have entered clinical research; this study also expounds their clinical trial findings and mechanisms, and analyzes the reasons for their success or failure to provide a theoretical basis for AD drug exploitation.

The present study isolated 17 compounds from the tubers of Bletilla striata (Orchidaceae), using various chromatographic techniques. Their structures were identified based on their physical-chemical properties and spectroscopic analyses. Among them, two new 2-isobutylmalates, named bletimalates A (1) and B (2), together with other fifteen known compounds (3-17), were isolated and identified. Additionally, compounds 3, 4, and 8 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Malates ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Orchidaceae ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Tubers ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between plasma miR-93-5p and the risk of esophageal cancer, as well as the influence of miR-93-5p on the biological function of esophageal cancer cells, exerted through exosomes.

METHODSThe expression of plasma miR-93-5p in esophageal cancer patients and healthy controls was analysed by real-time quantitative PCR. The influence of miR-93-5p on the risk and prognosis of esophageal carcinoma was analyzed by conditional logistic regression and survival analysis. The effect of miR-93-5p on the biological function of recipient cells was investigated by establishing an in vitro donor cell co-culture model. The target gene of miR-93-5p was validated by luciferase reporter assay and Western Blotting.

RESULTSUpregulation of plasma miR-93-5p expression significantly increases the risk of esophageal cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. miR-93-5p transferred by exosomes promotes the proliferation of recipient esophageal cancer cells and affects the expression of PTEN and its downstream proteins p21 and cyclin D1.

CONCLUSIONOur study provides a reference for the identification of biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of esophageal cancer.

Aged ; Cell Communication ; China ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; physiopathology ; Exosomes ; physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Risk