In the past decade, in addition to using traditional naked-eye morphological analysis, two-dimensional measurement and data comparison, more and more scholars placed great emphasis on the application of new technologies available and supported the study of ancient human remains from a multi-disciplinary perspective. Through outlining recent advances in the application of new techniques on research of ancient human remains, this paper briefly summarized the characteristics of present research and gave an outlook on future research of ancient human remains in China.

In order to investigate the characteristics of transdermal delivery of ferulic acid under the treated of microneedle arrays and the influence on permeability of rat skin capillaries, improved Franz-cells were used in the transdermal delivery experiment with the rat skin of abdominal wall and the length of microneedle arrays, different insertion forces, retention time were studied in the influence of characteristics of transdermal delivery of FA. The amount of FA was determined by HPLC system. Intravenous injection Evans blue and FA was added after microneedle arrays treated. Established inflammation model was built by daubing dimethylbenzene. The amount of Evans blue in the rat skin was read at 590 nm wavelength with a Multiskan Go microplate reader. Compared with passive diffusion group the skin pretreated with microneedle arrays had a remarkable enhancement of FA transport (P <0.01). The accumulation of FA increased with the enhancement of insertion force as to as the increase of retention time. Microneedle arrays with different length had a remarkable enhancement of FA transport, but was not related to the increase of the length. The research of FA on the reduce of permeability of rat skin capillaries indicated that the skin pretreated with microneedle arrays could reduce the content of Evans blue in the skins of rat significantly compared with the untreated group. The permeation rate of ferulic acid transdermal delivery had remarkable increase under the treated of microneedle arrays and the length of microneedle arrays ,the retention time so as to the insertion force were important to the transdermal delivery of ferulic acid.
Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Coumaric Acids ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Needles ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin Absorption

Objective To explore hemodynamic parameter changes in pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)treated by transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MMSCs)in the experimental rats.Methods MMSCs cells were collected from bone marrow of Sprague-Dawleye(SD)rat's femoral and tibial bones,cultured and passaged in vitro,then stained by Hoechst 33342 fluorescence dye stuff.Ninety healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=30):normal control group(group N),MMSCs transplanted group(group M),PAH model group(group H).The rats in the two latter groups were given a single subcutaneous crotaline(50 mg/kg)to establish the model of PAH.The rats of group N were injected respectively a single subcutaneous 9 g/L saline water(6 mL/kg).After 21 days,5?109 L-1 MMSCs cultured in 1 mL phosphate-buffered saline were infused into the rats respectively in group M by sublingual vein and 1 mL L-DMEM was given in group H.The indexalso of right ventricle systolic pressure(RVSP),right ventricle hypertrophy index,arterial blood gas analysis and the changes of small pulmonary blood vessel were observed after 28 days.Results The administration of MMSCs 28 days after PAH nearly completely prevented the increase in RVSP with PAH alone [(32.20?2.32)mmHg vs(48.30?1.56)mmHg P

Objective To study whether amputation of the tail extremity could induce change of Fos protein expression in mice ACC neurons , and explore the role of NK?1 receptor in the change. Methods Immunohistochemistry technique was adopted to study Fos protein expression change in mice ACC neurons at 0.25 h,0.5 h,1 h,2 h after amputation of the tail extremity 2.5 cm,and also the effect of NK?1 receptor antagonist GR82334(iv)or GR82334(ith)in the change. Results Fos protein expression in mice ACC neurons was significantly increased at 0.25 h,0.5 h after the amputation,and reached its peak at 1 h after the amputation,then started to decrease at 2 h after the amputation. GR82334(iv)com?pletely antagonized the significant augment in Fos protein expression in mice ACC neurons after the amputation ,but the antagonism of GR82334 (ith)was incomplete. Conclusion Amputation of the tail extremity could significantly increase the Fos protein expression of mice ACC neurons in a time?dependent manner. Both peripheral and central NK?1 receptors were involved in the process. However ,there are also central conduction pathways of other receptors and neurotransmitters involved in the significant augment in Fos protein expression in mice ACC neurons after amputa?tion.

Objective To evaluate morphological structure of uterosacral ligament (USL) and cardinal ligament (CL) in patients with severe pelvic organ prolapse (POP) by MRI technology, and to analysis and discuss its clinical significance. Methods From November 2013 to February 2014 in Peking University People′s Hospital, 26 elderly patients withⅢ-Ⅳdegree of POP were selected as the POP group and 18 healthy elderly volunteers were selected as the control group during the same period. Pelvic MRI examination were performed in the two groups. The morphological characteristics of left and right side of the uterosacral-cardinal ligament on MRI and the attachment site of the starting and ending points between two group were described and compared. Results In POP group, 25 cases of left USL starting point were located in the sacrospinous ligament/coccygeal muscle complex [58% (15/26)] or coccygeal muscle [38%(10/26)], ending point were located in the cervix and vagina [58%(15/26)] or cervix [38%(10/26)];24 cases of right USL starting point were located in the sacrospinous ligament/coccygeal muscle complex [31%(8/26)]or coccygeal muscle [62%(16/26)], 26 cases of right USL ending point were located in the cervix and vagina [62% (16/26)] or cervix [38% (10/26)]; the left and right CL in the POP group and the control group were both from the sacroiliac joint at the top of the greater sciatic foramen from the ipsilateral pelvic side wall;1 case (4%, 1/26) of left CL in the POP group completely connected to the bladder, 10 cases (38%, 10/26) partly connected to the bladder;14 cases (54%, 14/26) of right CL partly connected to the bladder, the rest ending points of left and right CL were located in cervix and (or) vagina. In the control group, 17 cases of left USL starting point were located in the sacrospinous ligament/coccygeal muscle complex (10/18) or coccygeal muscle (7/18), ending point were located in the cervix and vagina (12/18) or cervix (6/18);18 cases of right USL starting point were located in the sacrospinous ligament/coccygeal muscle complex (10/18) or coccygeal muscle (8/18), ending point were located in the cervix and vagina (13/18) or cervix (5/18);8 cases (8/18) of left CL partly connected to the bladder;15 cases (15/18) of right CL partly connected to the bladder, the rest ending points of left and right CL were located in cervix and (or) vagina. There was no significant difference between the two groups on the starting and ending points (P>0.05). Conclusions The observation of MRI could be consistent with the clinical anatomy on the starting and ending points, direction of travel in the uterosacral-cardinal ligament. The starting and ending points of the left and right side USL and the ending points of the left and right side CL are not completely symmetrical, the variation degree is large, some CL could be completely or partly inserted to the bladder.

Objective To establish the finite element model of uterosacral ligament (USL) and cardinal ligament (CL) and analyze the stress distribution and deformation with USL and CL under different working conditions. Methods Patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳpelvic organ prolapse (POP) and healthy female volunteers were selected for research subject, and divided into anterior uterus group and posterior uterus group. Two POP patients and two volunteers were selectd into the anterior uterus group and posterior uterine group respectively. Pelvic MRI scan was performed in two groups. Based on the original MRI data sets, the finite element model of USL and CL was constructed by using the software such as the Mimics, and the stress distribution and deformation of USL and CL were simulated. Results Under the premise of the elastic modulus fixed and three different working conditions such as 60 cmH2O, 99 cmH2O and 168 cmH2O (1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa) with abdominal pressure generated by maximum Valsalva maneuver, according to the present conditions and the simulation, the trend was analyzed: the stress and deformation of the uterus, anterior vaginal wall, USL and CL in two groups were mainly distributed in the middle and lower part of the anterior vaginal wall or the ligament and the cervix-vagina junction, the maximum stress and the maximum displacement were mainly concentrated in the lower region of the anterior vaginal wall. With increasing of abdominal pressure generated by the maximum Valsalva maneuver, the maximum stress values of the POP patient in anterior uterus group under three different working conditions were: 0.027 9, 0.046 0, 0.078 0 MPa, and the maximum displacement values were: 9.145 5, 15.090 0, 25.607 0 mm. The maximum stress values of the volunteer in anterior uterus group under three different working conditions were:0.012 6, 0.020 8, 0.035 3 MPa, and the maximum displacement values were: 1.816 7, 2.997 5, 5.086 7 mm. The maximum stress values of the POP patient in posterior uterine group under three different conditions were: 0.069 4, 0.114 6, 0.194 5 MPa, and the maximum displacement values were:11.658 0, 19.236 0, 32.643 0 mm. The maximum stress values of the volunteer in posterior uterus group under three different working conditions were:0.009 1, 0.015 1, 0.025 6 MPa, and the maximum displacement values were:2.581 6, 4.259 6, 7.228 4 mm. The maximum stress values and the maximum displacement values were all increased with increasing of abdominal pressure in the two groups. The maximum stress values and the maximum displacement values of the POP patients were greater than those of volunteers. Under different working conditions, the maximum stress values and maximum displacement values of the posterior uterus POP patient were all greater than those of the anterior uterus POP patient. Conclusions The finite element model of USL and CL is completely based on the MRI technology and the model is real and reliable. The increase of abdominal pressure will produce a larger stress and deformation of USL and CL, which is one of the reasons causing the injury of the ligament.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic ; adverse effects ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; adverse effects ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; etiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical effect of low dose pituitrin in children with septic shock.

METHODSA total of 48 pediatric cases with septic shock, in whom 6 hours, conventional treatment could not reverse shock from January 2008 to December 2010, were selected for this study. The patients were divided into two groups randomly (completely random design) (control group 24, remedial group 24). The conventional treatment included antibiotics/fluid resuscitation/correcting acid-base imbalance, glucocorticoid, organ (heart/lung) support, dopamine 1 - 15 µg/(kg·min) and norepinephrine 0.5 - 2 µg/(kg·min) pumped in continuously in the control group. In initial 6 hours the same treatment was given to the remedial group, while low dose pituitrin (0.01 - 0.03 U/min) was pumped additionally during the rest of time. The therapeutic effect on correcting shock was evaluated in both groups.

RESULTSThe total effective rate was 76.2% in the remedial group and 40.0% in the control group; the mortality was 33.3% and 60% respectively. The difference between both groups was significant (P = 0.025).

CONCLUSIONLow dose pituitrin could improve the clinical effect significantly in children with septic shock in whom 6 hours conventional treatment failed to correct shock, shorten the total periods of treatment, and decrease mortality.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Norepinephrine ; therapeutic use ; Pituitary Hormones, Posterior ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Shock, Septic ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Vasoconstrictor Agents ; therapeutic use

Objective To study the effect of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on iNOS/NO in neonatal rats with hyperoxia-induced lung injury.Method Eighty full-term neonatal SD rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups (each group 20 rats including control group,hyperoxia group,NaHS + hyperoxia group,PPG + hyperoxia group.Rats in NaHS + hyperoxia group had 90 μmol/kg NaHS injected intraperitoneally,those in PPG + hyperoxia group had PPG 50 mg/kg injected,and those in the other 2 groups had the same amount of 0.9％ normal saline injected.Except for the control group that exposed to air,the other three groups were exposed to 95％ O2 for 7 days.Then pulmonary histopathology was studied by HE staining,the ratios of lung wet/dry weight (W/D) were determined as measurement of the severity of pulmonary edema,maleic dialdehyde (MDA),iNOS activity and NO levels in lung tissue were measured using commercial kits,iNOS mRNA expression was detected by Real-time PCR.Analysis of variance and LSD-t test were used for statistical analysis.Result (1) Compared with control group,the hyperoxia group showed erythrocyte extravasation and leukocyte infiltration in the alveoli with inflammatary cell infiltrations,alveolar septum edema,whereas pathological injury changes induced by hyperoxia were alleviated by NaHS and the damage was exacerbated by PPG.(2) In hyperoxia group,H2S was decreased compared with control group (117.6±20.4 μmol/L vs.184.3 ± 13.7 μmol/L).In NaHS + hyperoxia group,H2S was apparently increased compared with the hyperoxia group (247.3 ±32.4 μmol/L vs.117.6 ±20.4 μmol/L),while in PPG + hyperoxia group H2S was decreased compared with the hyperoxia group (89.2 ± 8.3 μmol/L vs.117.6 ±20.4 μmol/L) (P ＜0.01).(3) In the hyperoxia group,the ratios of lung W/D (5.81 ±0.22),the contents of MDA (1.69 ± 0.14) nmol/ml,iNOS activity (2.24 ± 0.19) U/mg prot,NO levels (22.37 ±3.04) × 10-3 μmol/g prot,iNOS mRNA expression (1.43 ±0.09) showed significant increase respectively (P ＜ 0.01) compared with the control group (5.06 ± 0.15),(0.78 ± 0.08)nmol/ml,(1.18 ± 0.18) U/mg prot,(7.49 ± 1.91) × 10-3 μmol/g prot,(0.90 ± 0.08).NaHS administration showed a significant decrease in lung W/D,lung tissue MDA content,iNOS activity,NO level,iNO SmRNA expression (5.59 ±0.19),(1.44±0.11) nmol/ml,(1.84 ±0.27) U/mg prot,(14.23 ±2.00)× 10-3 μmol/g prot,(1.28 ±0.10) compared with the hyperoxia group (P ＜0.01).The above markers were significantly increased after PPG administration (6.18 ± 0.26),(1.99 ± 0.19) nmol/ml,(2.66 ± 0.23) U/mgprot,(30.94 ±3.31) × 10-3 μmol/g prot,(1.73 ±0.06) (P ＜0.01).Conclusion Exogenous H2S can relieve hyperoxia-induced lung injury by down-regulating the expression of iNOS mRNA,decreasing iNOS activity and decreasing NO production.

Objective To study the genotypes of representative Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tuberculosis) strains from China with spacer oligonucleotide typing (spoligotyping),and to investigate the prevalence of different genotypes TB in China,and analyse the relationship between genotype and drug resistance.Methods 4017 clinical isolates were collected by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2007 to 2008 in 31 provinces in China according to sampling principle of epidemiology.Drug susceptibility testing was performed using proportion method,and spoligotyping was chosen to carry out genotyping of these M.tuberculosis.In addition,chi-square test was used to compare the differences among the detection rate of different genotypes.Results Among the 4017 M.tuberculosis isolates,2500 ( 62.2％ ) isolates belonged to Beijing genotype.The percentage of Beijing genotypes in the northern of China was higher than that in the southern of China ( 76.5％ vs.53.2％,x2 =219.69,P ＜ 0.05 ),while T1 genotypes were more common in the southern China,compared with that in northern China ( 13.3％ vs.4.3％,x2 =219.69,P ＜ 0.05 ).The differences were statistically significant.The proportions of Rifampinresistant (21.7％ vs.21.7％ ),Ofloxacin-resistant (4.9％ vs.2.4％ ) and Multidrug-resistant ( 11.3％vs.7.4％ ) isolates among Beijing genotype strains were significantly higher than those among non-Beijing strains (x2 =22.10,14.42 and 14.83,respectively,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Beijing genotype was still predominant epidemic genotypes.The percentage of Beijing genotype showed difference between distinct areas,and the percentage of Beijing genotypes in northern China was higher than that in southern China.Beijing genotype strains reveal correlation with Rifampin-resistance,Ofloxacin-resistance and Multidrug-resistance.