Objective To observe the type and prevalence of esophageal motility abnormality in patients with respiratory symptom.And to investigate the effect and clinical significance of ineffective esophageal motility(IEM)in the pathogenesis of GERD with respiratory symptom.Methods In the thirty-four GERD patients with respiratory symptoms of asthma,chronic cough,complaint of laryngeal pharynges,the esophageal manometry and 24 hour esophageal pH monitoring were performed by Multiple Functional Gastrointestinal Motility Monitor made by MMS,Holland.The peristaltic velocity,amplitude and duration of esophageal body and lower esophageal sphincter(LES)pressure was detected.Computer software was used to analyze pH monitoring result,including the percentage of pH0.05)between GERD patients with respiratory symptom group and normal control group.In the group of GERD patients with respiratory symptom,main abnormal esophageal motility type was IEM,the prevalance of IEM(41.2%)being significantly higher than that in group of typical reflux symptom GERD(18.5%)and normal control group(0).In 34 GERD patients with respiratory symptom,24 hour esophageal pH monitoring result of IEM group and normal esophageal motility group was analyzed:the total percentage of pH

Objective To investigate the expression of ?-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid(AMPA) receptor subunit proteins GluR2/3 in the postnatal rat cochlear nucleus(CN), and the relationship with the auditory brainstem response(ABR).Methods The thresholds of ABR of different age SD rats were recorded respectively,and the expression of GluR2/3 in CN was detected with FITC-immunocytochemistry.Results ①P1w SD rats did not show ABR wave, and there was no significant difference in the ABR threshold among P4w,P9w and P15w SD rats. ②GluR2/3 was expressed in all sorts of neurons of CN of every postnatal groups, the expression of P4w rats was denser than that of P1w, P9w and P15w rats. The immunostaining of P4w rats was located at the cell membrance, while P9w and P15w rats in the endochylema majoritily. Conclusion The different expression and distribution of GluR2/3 in different age rat CN may be involved in the development of auditory centre.

Recent advances in medical ultrasonic instrumentation are introduced in this review, including the progresses in transducer, diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Future development is also discussed.
Equipment Design ; Image Enhancement ; instrumentation ; methods ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; instrumentation ; methods ; Transducers ; Ultrasonic Therapy ; instrumentation ; trends ; Ultrasonics ; Ultrasonography ; instrumentation ; trends

Objective To discuss the method of raising the rate of cut healing by first intention with electrized copper needles and removal of the angioma.Methods Analysis of the clinical history of 68 cases of angiomatous therapy by using the method of electrized copper needles and removal, and the investigation of the connection between the therapy method and the cut healing.Results The healing rate of the cut by first intention is 100% in the total resection of tumor, each 33.33% in the partial resection of tumor and the resection under skin flap, 0% in the resection of tumor and the skin grafting on the surface of wound. When the voltage controlled at 6V is compared with others, remarkably there is the difference (P

Objective To study the imaging characters of spinal teratomas.Methods 10 cases of spinal teratomas were analyzed with clinical and radiography. 8 cases intramedullary, 2 cases extramedullary. 10 cases had MR examination. Results The location of spinal teratomas in 5 cases was in lumbar, 3 cases in thorax, 1 case in thoracolumbar, 1 case in cervical. 7 cases were multicyst type, 3 cases were singlecyst type. 10 cases of MR image showed mix signal intensity. The contrast enhancement T 1WI with fat saturation presented disappear fat signal of spinal teratomas. The teratomas heterogeneous enhancement was found in 10 cases with MR examination. 3 cases lumbosacral area of spinal teratomas united tethercord. Conclusion Neuroradiological features of spinal teratomas has specific manifestation. The T 1WI fat saturation scan is a availability nicety method for spinal teratomas.

Objective To compare the effect of oxycodone or sufentanil in preventing post-operative hyperalgesia induced by remifentanil.Methods One hundred and twenty patients scheduled for radical operation for carcinoma of stomach undergoing general anesthesia, 62 males and 58 females, aged 18-65 years, ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, were randomly divided into 3 groups.Thirty minutes before the end of operation, oxycodone hydrochloride 10 mg was administered intravenously in oxycodone hydrochloride group (group O, n=42) while sufentanil 10 μg was injected in group S (group S, n=40) and equal normal saline was injected in control group (group C, n=38).The VAS score after waking up was recorded.VAS score>3 was defined as hyperalgesia, and sufentanil was injected when VAS score≥6.The BCS scores were recorded immediately after extubation (T1), 30 min (T1), 1 h (T3), 2 h (T4) and 4 h (T5) after extubation.Awakening time and extubation time and the incidence of nausea and vomiting 4 h after extubation were compared.Results At T1-T5, the BCS scores in group O were significantly higher than those in groups S and C (P<0.05).Group S has a higher adverse reaction (P<0.05).There was no significant differences of awakening time and extubation time in 3 groups.Conclusion Prophylactic injection of oxycodone 10 mg can reduce incidence rate of post-operative hyperalgesia, and increase BCS score with little side effects.

Objective To investigate the significance of changes of esophageal peristalsis in hiatal hernia patients. Methods 32 patients with symptom of gastroesophageal reflux(esophageal hernia 10, hiatal hernia with esophagitis 12 and esophagitis 10) and 9 patients without symptom of reflux were selected.Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure ,esophageal peristaltic velocity ,amplitude and duration were detected respectively;the degree of esophagitis was identified with gastroscopy. Results LES pressures in hiatal hernia with esophagitis group and simple esophagitis group were significantly lower than those in control group , there was no significant difference between hiatal hernia group and control group . In hiatal hernia group ,the peristaltic amplitudes of proximal and distal esophagus (51.3?5.4 mmHg and 83.6?8.3 mmHg) were significantly higher than those in the other three groups , while esophagitis group was significantly the lowest . There were no significant difference about esophageal peristltic duration both of proxmial and distal esophagus between these four groups .Furthermore , distal esophageal peristaltic velocity was significantly higher in hiatal hernia group than that in the other three groups , and it was the lowest in esophagitis group .Conclusion The changes of esophageal peristalsis in patient with hiatal hernia play an important role in the pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux and mucosal injury.[

Objective: To establish an HPLC fingerprint of methanol extract of Zhixue Tiaojing Granule (ZTG), and determine the content of paeoniflorin and calycosin-7-glucosid. Methods: HPLC analysis was performed on an Thermo UltiMateTM U3000 LC system and carried out at 30 ℃ on a column of Thermo AcclaimTM 120 C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). Gradient elution system was composed of water solution (phase A) and acetonitrile (phase B). Detection was performed at the wavelength of 254 nm, the mobile flow rate was 1 mL/min, the column temperature was 30 ℃, and sample volumn was 10 μL. Results: The HPLC fingerprint for 10 batches of ZTG were obtained and the similarities for 10 batches of samples were all over 0.95. Eleven characteristic peaks were found and peaks were from Astragali Radix (peak 1, 5, 7, 10), Codonopsis Radix (peak 1), Dipsaci Radix (peak 2, 3), Paeoniae Radix Alba (peak 4), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (peak 6), Rubiae Radix et Rhizoma (peak 6, 8, 11), and Agrimoniae Herba (peak 9). Besides, three peaks were assigned include paeoniflorin, calycosin-7-glucosid, and formononetin. The content of paeoniflorin and calycosin-7-glucosid was 1 062 μg/g and 84.08 μg/g. Conclusion: The method can be used for the quality control of ZTG with good precision, accuracy, and reproducibility.

The Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) is a common opportunistic pathogen from human respiratory tract. The lower immunity can cause the disease. After the biofilm (BF) is formatted by Hi at the site of infection, the antibiotic sensitivity is declined, which often causes the chronic disease, inducing the difficulty in clinical treatment. In recent years, the pathogenic?ity of Hi BF and BF form related factors have gradually become the focus of clinical and basic research. This paper reviewed recent studies as following.

ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with chronic cough by the results of combined multichannel intraluminal impedance and high-resolution manometry (MII-HRM) procedure and 24-hour muhichannel intraluminal impedance combined pH (MII pH) monitoring.Methods From March 2010 to November 2010,consecutive patients of GERD with chronic cough (more than 8 weeks) admitted to Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University underwent 24-hour MII-pH monitoring and MII-HRM procedure with symptom association probability(SAP) over 95％.Data of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure,LES relaxation,LES residual pressure,esophageal body peristalsis function and swallow bolus transit (liquid/viscous) was collected and the result of 24-hour MII-pH monitoring was analysed by the computer software containing reflux episode activity(acid/nonacid,upright/recumbent),proximal extent,acid exposure and mean acid/bolus clearance time.Seventeen patients of GERD with typical reflux symptom were selected as the control group.ResultsComparing with patients of GERD with typical reflux symptom,patients of GERD with chronic cough showeddecreased upper esophageal sphincter pressure (UESP) [( 122.55 ± 60.48 )mm Hg vs ( 86.37 ± 41.35 ) mm Hg,P ＜ 0.05,1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa ],higher percentage of abnormality peristalsis [(9.47 ± 15.63 ) ％ vs ( 22.16 ± 17.45 ) ％,P ＜ 0.05 ],degraded esophagus transmittability of liquid substance [( 88.82 ± 12.23) ％ vs ( 71.68 ± 23.06 ) ％,P ＜ 0.05 ],more reflux episode activity ( acid/nonacid ) in supine position and proximal reflux episode (nonacid) in supine position (P ＜ 0.05 )and longer mean bolus clearance time( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Decrease of the UESP,increase of the reflux episode activity (acid/nonacid) in supine position and proximal reflux episode (nonacid) in supine position,lengthened mean bolus clearance time in supine position and the degraded esophagus clearance ability may all correlated with the pathogenesy of GERD with chronic cough.