OBJECTIVE To analyze the distribution,risk factors and preventive measures of nosocomial infection in patients with hemodialysis. METHODS Clinical data of 112 patients with hemodialysis were retrospectively reviewed.Statistic analysis was made on relation between the occurrence of nosocomial infection and patients′ age,adequacy of dialysis,dialysis duration,anemia,heart function,serum albumin,catheterization and reused dialyzer. RESULTS 67 infection cases were found.The main infection sites were blood vessel access,respiratory tract,and urinary tract.The infection rates increased significantly in the groups of age 60,inadequate dialysis,dialysis duration more than 1 year,serum albumin,heart failure and hypoalbuminemia compared with the correspondent controly group(P 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Patients with hemodialysis have higher infection rates,the main risk factors are old age,inadequate dialysis,long dialysis duration,severe anemia,heart failure,catheterization and hypoalbuminemia.Therefore the effective measures to reduce the nosocomial infection are strictly aseptic technology,adequate dialyzsis,reducing the invasive operation,ameliorating anemia and improving the nutrition.