The population is susceptible to Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), and the proportion of severe cases and fatality rate in the elderly are higher.For patients with COVID-19, clinicians routinely monitor their inflammatory markers, such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, interleukin-6, serum amyloid A, tumor necrosis factor-α, serum albumin, interleukin-3 and others.This article reviews the diagnostic value of the above mentioned inflammatory markers for COVID-19 in the elderly.It aims to provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis and management of these patients.

Community acquired pneumonia(CAP)is characterized by high morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, with the elderly as the main vulnerable population.However, current guidelines in China and elsewhere do not offer specific recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of such patients.This paper reviews the definition, classification, epidemiology, etiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of CAP in immunocompromised elderly patients, to provide a theoretical framework for its diagnosis and treatment and for the formulation of guidelines.

Aspiration is the entry of oropharyngeal or gastric contents into the lower respiratory tract through the glottis, a common and important cause of death in elderly patients due to lung infections.However, a lack of accurate and rapid clinical methods for the diagnosis of aspiration leads to misdiagnosis, missed diagnosis or delayed diagnosis of aspiration, especially aspiration pneumonia.In recent years, with further research into the mechanisms of aspiration syndromes, multiple aspiration biomarkers with potential and clinical translational value have been found, and may help early detection of aspiration and have important and practical significance for elderly health.Therefore, this article reviews aspiration biomarkers such as pepsin, α-amylase, bile acid and other potential biomarkers as well as current relevant research, detection methods, their clinical value and prospects concerning challenges and directions of innovation in future research.