Objective To summarize clinical features of local and regional failure of salivary gland carcinoma treating by 125I seed,and evaluate the clinical and histologic risk factors for its development.Methods Patients with salivary gland carcinoma treated by 125I seeds between Oct 2001 and Aug 2012 were analyzed retrospectively.The risk factors were analyzed statistically,including age,gender,tumor site,TNM stage,histological differentiation,radiotherapy,treatment,matched peripheral dose and primary or recurrent tumor.Results Ninety-four of 449 patients with salivary gland carcinoma treated by 125I seeds developed local and/or regional area recurrence.Of these,six patients failed in both local and regional area,77 patients failed in local area and eleven patients failed in regional area.The local and regional failure rate was 20.9％.The result of multivariate analysis showed that surgery,radiotherapy and matched peripheral dose were the protective factors(OR =0.458,0.297,0.982,P ＜ 0.05),while age and TNM stage were the risk factors(OR =1.250,1.483,P ＜ O.05).Conclusions The local and regional failure rate was 20.9％.Surgery,radiotherapy and matched peripheral dose were the protective factors;age and TNM stage were the risk factors.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the value of urine sediment analyzer in the screening of clinically suspected urinary tract infection (UTI) in cancer patients.

METHODSThe results of bacterial count of 1 053 midstream urine samples by UF-1000i urine sediment analyzer (UF-1000i urine sediment analyzer, UF-1000i) were compared with the results of bacterial culture. Moreover, the results of distinguishing bacterial species by the bacterial scattergram were compared with the results of bacteria culture. At the same time, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of UF-1000i analyzer for UTI screening were evaluated.

RESULTSOf all the 1 053 samples, the top three bacteria were E. coli, Enterococci and P. aeruginosa. The top three malignant tumors of UTI were bladder, lung cancer and cervical cancers. The positive rate of UF-1000i analyzer was 20% (211/1 053), and that of bacteria culture was 17.9% (188/1 053). There was statistically no significant difference in the positive rates between the two methods (χ(2)=1.636, P>0.05), and the two methods had a considerable consistency (Kappa=0.756). Compared with the clinical diagnosis, UTI screening by UF-1000i analyzer showed a sensitivity of 79.6% (160/201), specificity of 95.5% (814/852), positive predictive value of 80.8% (160/198) and negative predictive value of 95.2%(814/855). The distribution of cocci and bacilli acquired by the bacterial scattergram was basically in accordance with the results of bacterial culture.

CONCLUSIONSBacterial count by UF-1000i analyzer plays an important role in early screening of UTI, and the bacterial scattergram may help to distinguish bacterial species, providing reference for the use of antibiotics in early medication.

Bacterial Load ; Enterococcus ; isolation & purification ; Escherichia coli ; isolation & purification ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Lung Neoplasms ; urine ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; isolation & purification ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; urine ; Urinary Tract Infections ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; urine ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; urine

AIM: To explore the characteristics of astigmatism distribution among preschool children from Tongzhou District, Beijing, discuss its categorizations, severity, and the effect on preschoolers' vision, and clarify the influence of cycloplegic refraction on the detection of astigmatism.METHODS:In this cross-sectional study conducted from December 2021 to January 2022, a cluster random sampling method was utilized to assess 1 498 preschool children(2 996 eyes)from Tongzhou District, Beijing. The sample comprised 791 males and 707 females, with 222 children aged 3 to <4 years, 521 children aged 4 to <5 years, 647 children aged 5 to <6 years, and 108 children aged 6 to <7 years. Evaluations included visual acuity, anterior segment, computerized optometry, and cycloplegic refraction.RESULTS:Prior to cycloplegic refraction, the prevalence of astigmatism was found to be 61.88%(927/1498). For post-cycloplegic refraction, this percentage slightly increased to 64.02%(959/1498, P=0.095). Following cycloplegic refraction, the distribution of astigmatism severity was as follows: 51.87%(777/1498)had mild astigmatism, 9.41%(141/1498)had moderate astigmatism, and 2.74%(41/1498)had severe astigmatism. Astigmatism was predominantly with-the-rule across all age groups, with compound hyperopic astigmatism being the most frequent type. In cases of subnormal vision caused by astigmatism: low degree accounted for 9.38%, moderate degree accounted for 25.4%,and high degree accounted for 52.6%.CONCLUSION:The findings reveal a high incidence of astigmatism in preschool children, predominantly in a mild nature. Cycloplegic refraction was observed to have a negligible effect on the rate of astigmatism detection. Moreover, its impact on vision becomes more significant as the degree of astigmatism increases.

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infection and the risk factors for acquisition of C. difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) among cancer patients who received chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

METHODSWe analyzed 277 stool samples from cancer patients with diarrhea between Sep 2010 and Dec 2011 in our hospital. Stool C. difficile toxin A/B test, stool culture for C. difficile and routine stool examination were performed. In addition, the risk factors for CDAD were investigated in a set of 41 C. difficile toxin-positive cancer patients and 82 matched C. difficile toxin-negative controls by univariate analysis and multivariate analysis.

RESULTSOut of a total of 277 cancer patients with diarrhea, 41 (14.8%) were C. difficile toxin-positive. Among these 41 cases, 11 (26.8%, 11/41) were C. difficile culture-positive. Univariate analysis showed that antibiotics use (P = 0.853), proton pump inhibitor use (P = 0.718), hypoproteinemia (P = 0.139) and white blood cell count (P = 0.454) did not appear to be associated with acquisition of CDAD in cancer patients. However, receiving chemotherapy (P = 0.023), receiving radiotherapy (P = 0.003), a positive fecal occult blood test result (P = 0.005) and the presence of fecal leukocytes (P = 0.007) showed close association with acquisition of CDAD in cancer patients. Multivariate analysis showed that receiving chemotherapy (OR, 8.308; 95% CI, 1.997-34.572; P = 0.004) and a positive result of fecal occult blood test (OR, 8.475; 95% CI, 1.463-49.109; P = 0.017) were independent risk factors for acquisition of CDAD among cancer patients.

CONCLUSIONSOur results support that receiving chemotherapy and a positive fecal occult blood test result are independent risk factors for acquisition of CDAD among cancer patients. Cancer patients who are at high-risk for CDAD should take stool C. difficile toxin A/B test and stool culture for C. difficile regularly and prevention of CDAD.

Clostridium difficile ; Diarrhea ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Risk Factors

Objective: To investigate the correlation between CpG islands methylation statuses of TGF-β₃, Dnmts and their expression during TCDD-induced mouse embryonic palatal development. Methods: Eithtteen pregnant C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 2 groups: the control group(n=9) and TCDD-exposure group(n=9). At gestation day 10.5(GD10.5), the mice in TCDD-group were orally administrated with TCDD 28 μg/kg, while the mice in the control group received equivalent corn oil. The pregnant mice were sacrificed at GD13.5, GD14.5, GD15.5, fetal palates were collected. CpG island methylation statuses were analysed by methylation specific polymerase chain reaction(MSP). IBM SPSS 20.0 software was applied for statistical analysis. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for normal distribution check, and the distributions were normal. Independent t-test was carried out between two groups. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: CpG island in promoter region of gene TGF-β₃ were all at low methylation level at all GDs of both groups, there were no differences at same GD between two groups [GD13.5: (8.6±0.8)% vs (8.7±0.8)%, P>0.05; GD14.5: (11.5±1.4)%vs (11.7±1.0)%, P>0.05; GD15.5: (12.0±0.7)% vs (12.1±0.5)%, P>0.05]. CpG island in promoter region of gene Dnmt1 were all highly methylated with no differences showed at same GD between two groups [GD13.5: (73.9±1.1)%vs (72.6±0.8)%, P>0.05; GD14.5: (70.8±1.7)% vs (70.7±1.0)%, P>0.05; GD15.5: (69.4±2.2)% vs (69.7±0.5)%, P>0.05]. The methylation level of CpG island 1 in promoter region of gene Dnmt3a in TCDD group was higher than that in control group at GD13.5 and GD15.5 [(21.9±1.1)% vs (8.1±0.6)%, P<0.01, (43.4±0.4)% vs(32.9±0.7)%, P<0.01], while lower at GD14.5[(33.2±0.5)% vs (42.9±0.3)%, P<0.01]. The methylation level of CpG island 2 in promoter region of gene Dnmt3a in control group was higher than that in TCDD group at all GDs [GD13.5: (82.0±0.7)% vs (32.3±0.6)%, P<0.01; GD14.5: (62.7±1.0)%vs (25.5±1.4)%, P<0.01; GD15.5: (47.2±0.4)% vs (30.3±1.4)%, P<0.01]. Conclusions Low methylation level of CpG island 2 which is close to the first exon in promoter region of gene Dnm3a may be the cause of highly expressed Dnmt3a mRNA at GD13.5 during mice palatogenesis induced by TCDD, thus the global DNA methylation is extremely high to induce cleft palate. TCDD-treatment doesn′t influence the CpG methylation statuses in promoter region of TGF-β₃ and Dnmt1.

Objective: To explore the common differentially expressed proteins in 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin(TCDD) and retinoic acid-induced cleft palate of fetal mice by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation(iTRAQ) combined with mass spectrometry. Methods: Thirty-six pregnant C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, 12 cases in each group. C57BL/6J pregnant mice were given a gavage of TCDD 28 μg/kg or retinoic acid 80 mg/kg on gestational day 10.5(GD10.5) as experimental groups, while the control group received equivalent corn oil. Anatomical and histological changes of palates in fetal mice were observed on GD17.5. Total proteins were extracted from palates of fetal mice in each group on GD17.5. Differentially expressed proteins were identified in experimental groups as well as in control group by iTRAQ combined with two-dimensional liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Western Blot was used for validation of the differentially expressed proteins of Annexin A1 and 14-3-3 sigma. All statistical analyses were measured with SPSS software(version 17.0). Chi-square test was used to compare the incidence of cleft palate. One-way ANOVA was carried out for comparison of the relative expression levels of three groups, homogeneity of variance was analyzed by Levene test, and Turkey HSD test was used for comparison between two groups. P values were judged as significant difference if they were less than 0.05. Results: ①Model of cleft palate in fetal mice were successfully established with incidence of cleft palate of 97.1%(68/70)in TCDD group and 98.6%(70/71) in retinoic acid group, respectively(χ²=0.00, P>0.05), without significant difference between two groups. However, they were similar on the phenotype. ② A total of 2 996 proteins were identified. Compared with control group, 75 and 90 differentially expressed proteins were screened out from TCDD group and retinoic acid group respectively. There were 18 differentially expressed proteins in common both in two experimental groups. ③Western Blot assay indicated that the expression of Annexin A1 protein was 0.52±0.11 in control group, while in TCDD group was 0.99±0.34 and in retinoic acid group was 0.98±0.31, with significant difference between any of two experimental groups and control group(P<0.05). The expression of 14-3-3 sigma protein in control group was 0.55±0.15, while in TCDD group was 0.86±0.17 and in retinoic acid group was 0.93±0.13, with significant difference between any of two experimental groups and control group(P<0.05). These results were consistent with the results of iTRAQ experiment. Conclusions Using iTRAQ technology can quickly and effectively filtrate the common differentially expressed proteins in fetal mice with cleft palate induced by TCDD and retinoic acid. These proteins may have closely related relationship with the occurrence of cleft palate induced by TCDD or retinoic acid.

[摘 要] 目的：探讨芝麻酚（SEM）通过腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶（AMPK）/沉默信息调节因子1（SIRT1）/核因子κB（NF-κB）通路影响食管鳞状细胞癌（ESCC）Eca109细胞自噬和凋亡的机制。方法: 用不同浓度的SEM（0、1.562 5、3.125、6.25、12.5、25、50、100、200、400 μmol/L）分别处理Eca109细胞、人食管上皮细胞HEEpiC 48 h，CCK-8法检测细胞增殖率，筛选适宜的SEM浓度用于后续实验。将Eca109细胞分为对照组（CK组，0 µmol/L）、低剂量SEM组（SEM-L组，25 µmol/L）、中剂量SEM组（SEM-M组，50 µmol/L）、高剂量SEM组（SEM-H组，100 µmol/L）、高剂量SEM+Compound C（AMPK抑制剂）组（SEM-H+Compound C组，100 µmol/L+10 µmol/L），所有各组Eca109细胞在对应的药物浓度下处理48 h后，CCK-8法检测Eca109细胞增殖，流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡，透射电镜观察Eca109细胞内自噬小体，WB法检测Eca109细胞中微管相关蛋白1轻链3（LC3）-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ、Beclin-1、B淋巴细胞瘤2（Bcl2）、Bcl2相关X蛋白（BAX）、p-AMPK、SIRT1、p-NF-κB p65的表达。结果: 通过预实验选择SEM实验浓度为25、50、100 μmol/L用于正式研究。在SEM处理下，与CK组比较，SEM-L组、SEM-M组、SEM-H组Eca109细胞的增殖水平（24、48 h）和Bcl2、p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达均显著降低，细胞凋亡率和自噬小体数量、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ、Beclin-1、BAX、p-AMPK、SIRT1蛋白表达显著升高，且呈剂量依赖性（均P<0.05）；与SEM-H组比较，SEM-H+Compound C组Eca109细胞增殖水平（24、48 h）和Bcl2、p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达均显著升高，细胞凋亡率和自噬小体数量、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ、Beclin-1、BAX、p-AMPK、SIRT1蛋白表达均显著降低（均P<0.05）。结论:SEM可能通过激活AMPK/SIRT1信号通路而抑制NF-κB活性来促进Eca109细胞自噬与凋亡。

Objective To investigate global DNA methylation and DNA methyhransferases participation in the mechanism of cleft palate induced by maternal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlrodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)in mice.Methods 40 pregnant C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 2 groups:the control group(n =20) and TCDD-exposure group(n =20).On gestation day 10.5 (GD10.5),the mice in TCDD-group were orally administrated with TCDD 28 μg/kg,while the mice in the control group received equivalent corn oil.The pregnant mice were sacrificed on GD13.5,GD14.5,GD15.5,GD16.5,GD17.5,fetal palates were collected for analysis.Global DNA methylation levels were detected by MethylampTM Global DNA Methylation Quantification Ultra Kit through an ELISA-like reaction.The expression levels of DNA methyltransferases were examined by quantitative real-time PC R(q-PCR).IBM SPSS 20.0 software was applied for statistical analysis.Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for normal distribution check,and the distribution was normal.Independent t-test was carried out among two groups.P ＜ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results The global DNA methylation level in TCDD-exposure group was significantly higher than that in control group on GD13.5 (49.52％ ±4.03％ vs 33.42％ ± 6.78％,P ＜ 0.01),whilelower on GD14.5 (24.10％ ±2.29％ vs 30.12％ ±3.92％,P ＜0.05) and on GD16.5 (32.77％ ±0.98％ vs 36.45％ ± 3.27％,P ＜ 0.05).The expression level of Dnmt1 mRNA in TCDD-exposure group was higher than that in control group on GD13.5(1.28±0.11 vs 1.01 ±0.10,P＜0.05) and on GD16.5(1.04 ±0.05 vs 0.81 ±0.01,P ＜0.01).The expression level of Dnmt3a mRNA in TCDD-exposure group was higher than that in control group on GD13.5 (1.15 ±0.17 vs 0.81 ±0.02,P ＜0.05)and on GD16.5 (1.11 ± 0.06 vs 0.96 ± 0.06,P ＜ 0.05).The expression level of Dnmt3b mRNA in TCDD-exposure group was higher than that in control group on GD14.5(0.97 ±0.06 vs 0.72 ±0.06,P ＜0.01).Conclusions It is supposed that complicated mechanisms are exist to regulate global DNA methylation levels in palatal tissue of fetal mice.The significant increased DNA methylation level on GD13.5 resulting from up-expression of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a may be one of the epigenetic mechanisms which cause palate malformation in fetal mice induced by maternal exposure to TCDD.

Objective To investigate global DNA methylation and DNA methyhransferases participation in the mechanism of cleft palate induced by maternal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlrodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)in mice.Methods 40 pregnant C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 2 groups:the control group(n =20) and TCDD-exposure group(n =20).On gestation day 10.5 (GD10.5),the mice in TCDD-group were orally administrated with TCDD 28 μg/kg,while the mice in the control group received equivalent corn oil.The pregnant mice were sacrificed on GD13.5,GD14.5,GD15.5,GD16.5,GD17.5,fetal palates were collected for analysis.Global DNA methylation levels were detected by MethylampTM Global DNA Methylation Quantification Ultra Kit through an ELISA-like reaction.The expression levels of DNA methyltransferases were examined by quantitative real-time PC R(q-PCR).IBM SPSS 20.0 software was applied for statistical analysis.Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for normal distribution check,and the distribution was normal.Independent t-test was carried out among two groups.P ＜ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results The global DNA methylation level in TCDD-exposure group was significantly higher than that in control group on GD13.5 (49.52％ ±4.03％ vs 33.42％ ± 6.78％,P ＜ 0.01),whilelower on GD14.5 (24.10％ ±2.29％ vs 30.12％ ±3.92％,P ＜0.05) and on GD16.5 (32.77％ ±0.98％ vs 36.45％ ± 3.27％,P ＜ 0.05).The expression level of Dnmt1 mRNA in TCDD-exposure group was higher than that in control group on GD13.5(1.28±0.11 vs 1.01 ±0.10,P＜0.05) and on GD16.5(1.04 ±0.05 vs 0.81 ±0.01,P ＜0.01).The expression level of Dnmt3a mRNA in TCDD-exposure group was higher than that in control group on GD13.5 (1.15 ±0.17 vs 0.81 ±0.02,P ＜0.05)and on GD16.5 (1.11 ± 0.06 vs 0.96 ± 0.06,P ＜ 0.05).The expression level of Dnmt3b mRNA in TCDD-exposure group was higher than that in control group on GD14.5(0.97 ±0.06 vs 0.72 ±0.06,P ＜0.01).Conclusions It is supposed that complicated mechanisms are exist to regulate global DNA methylation levels in palatal tissue of fetal mice.The significant increased DNA methylation level on GD13.5 resulting from up-expression of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a may be one of the epigenetic mechanisms which cause palate malformation in fetal mice induced by maternal exposure to TCDD.