BACKGROUND:So far there are many studies about the uses of nano-carbon tracers in the diagnosis and treatment of malignancies. However, little has been reported on the mechanism underlying protective effect of nano-carbon tracers on the parathyroid glands during thyroid cancer surgery. OBJECTIVE:To study the protective effect of nano-carbon tracers on the parathyroid in thyroid cancer surgery. METHODS:180 cases of thyroid cancer were randomly divided into nano-carbon and control groups (n=90 per group):patients in the nano-carbon group were injected with nano-carbon tracers into the thyroid before surgery, and those in the control group underwent routine thyroid cancer surgery. Then comparisons of the operating time, incision length, blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, number of lymph node dissection, lymph node metastasis as wel as hypoparathyroidism rate were performed between two groups. Besides, levels of serum calcium and parathyroid hormone in the two groups were detected at 3 days after surgery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were no significant differences in the operating time, incision length, blood loss, postoperative hospital stay and lymph node metastasis between the two groups (P>0.05). The number of dissected lymph nodes of nano-carbon group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05);the mis-resection rate of parathyroid and hypoparathyroidism of nano-carbon group were significantly lower than those of control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the incidences of hypocalcemia and low parathyroid hormone of nano-carbon group were significantly lower than those of control group (P<0.05). These results suggest that the nano-carbon tracer plays a protective role on the parathyroid glands in thyroid cancer surgery, which can reduce the mis-resection rate of parathyroid, as wel as the incidences of hypoparathyroidism, hypocalcemia and low-level parathyroid hormone.

Objective To study the inhibitive effect of interleukin-4(IL-4) and (or) IL-10 on cell apoptosis of renal ischemic-reperfusion injury(IRI) in rats and its mechanism.Methods Thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups(n=6): sham-operated group,operation+9 g/L NaCl control (NaCl group),operation+IL-4(IL-4 group),operation+IL-10(IL-10 group),operation+ IL-4+IL-10 (IL-4+IL-10 group). The animal model of IRI was set up by clamping bilateral renal pedicles for 45 min.When the clamp was loosed, relevant agents was injected in every group. Apoptosis of renal epithelial cells (TUNEL method) was obserued.Results IL-4 could not reduce level of apoptosis of renal epithelial cells.To some extent,IL-10 could reduce level of renal epithelial cells. The combination of IL-4 and IL-10 was more effective in inhibiting apoptosis of renal epithelial cells.Conclusion The combination of IL-4 and IL-10 is effective in inhibiting apoptosis of renal epithelial cells, indicating that it has a relationship in preventing renal histological and functional damage.

Objective To explore the relationship among idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP),human cytomegalovirus(HCMV) infection,and immunological function in infants.Methods HCMV-Ab were tested by ELISA;HCMV DNA were tested by PCR for the case groups (n=54) and the controls(n=30).At the same time,T cell subgroups were tested by direct IF staining for the case groups.Results In the case group,the positive infants of HCMV Ab and HCMV-DNA were more than those in the controls(P

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Salvianolate on myosin heavy chain (MHC) in cardiomyocytes of congestive heart failure (CHF) rats.

METHODSSixty male SD rats were divided into 6 groups according to random digit table, i.e., the normal control group (NCG), the model group, the Captopril group (CAG), the low dose Salvianolate group (LSG), the high dose Salvianolate group (HSG), the Captopril and high dose Salvianolate group (CSG), 10 in each group. CHF rat model was established with peritoneal injection of adriamycin in all rats except those in the NCG. Equal volume of normal saline was peritoneally injected to rats in the NCG, once per week for 6 successive weeks. Corresponding medication was started from the 5th week of injecting adriamycin. Rats in the CAG were administered with Captopril solution at the daily dose of 10 mg/kg by gastrogavage. Rats in the LSG and the HSG were administered with Salvianolate solution at the daily dose of 24.219 mg/kg and 48.438 mg/kg respectively by gastrogavage. Salvianolate was dissolved in 2 mL 5% glucose solution and administered by peritoneal injection. Rats in the CSG were peritoneally injected with high dose Salvianolate solution and administered with Captopril solution by gastrogavage. Two mL normal saline was peritoneally injected to rats in the model group, once per day for 8 successive weeks. Eight weeks later, the cardiac function and myocardial hypertrophy indices were detected by biological signal collecting and processing system. mRNA expression levels of alpha-MHC and beta-MHC in cardiac muscle were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Expressions of protein kinase C (PKC) in cardiac muscle were detected by Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, heart mass index (HMI) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) obviously increased in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, HMI and LVMI decreased in HSG, CAG, and CSG groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). It was more obviously lowered in the CSG group than in the CAG group (P < 0.05). Compared with the NCG, the mRNA expression level of alpha-MHC in cardiac muscle decreased, the mRNA expression level of p-MHC and the expression of PKC in cardiac muscle increased in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the mRNA expression level of alpha-MHC in cardiac muscle was increased, and the mRNA expression level of beta-MHC and the expression of PKC in cardiac muscle were decreased in HSG, CAG, and CSG groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There was statistical difference between the CSG group and the CAG group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSalvianolate could up-regulate the mRNA expression level of alpha-MHC, and down-regulate the mRNA expression level of beta-MHC in cardiac muscle. Its mechanism might be related to decreasing the expression of PKC.

Animals ; Captopril ; Doxorubicin ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Heart Failure ; metabolism ; Male ; Myocardium ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Myosin Heavy Chains ; metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

BACKGROUND: The effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) during traumatic brain injury (TBI) and whether it can modulate secondary injury has not been reported previously. The present study evaluated the potential protective effects of ventricular infusion of PACAP in a rat model of TBI. METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups (n=6, each): sham-operated, vehicle (normal saline)+TBI, and PACAP+TBI. Normal saline or PACAP (1g/5L) was administered intracerebroventricularly 20 minutes before TBI. Right parietal cortical contusion was produced via a weight-dropping method. Brains were extracted 24 hours after trauma. Histological changes in brains were examined by HE staining. The numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in blood and the spleen were detected via flow cytometry. RESULTS: In injured brain regions, edema, hemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and swollen and degenerated neurons were observed under a light microscope, and the neurons were disorderly arrayed in the hippocampi. Compared to the sham group, average CD4+ CD8– lymphocyte counts in blood and the spleen were significantly decreased in rats that received TBI+vehicle, and CD4– CD8+ were increased. In rats administered PACAP prior to TBI, damage was attenuated as evidenced by significantly increased CD4+, and decreased CD8+, T lymphocytes in blood and the spleen. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with PACAP may protect against TBI by influencing periphery T cellular immune function.

OBJECTIVEIn order to get the method for improving the salt resistance of Lycium ruthenium seeds and seedlings under NaCl stress, the seed germination and physiological characteristics of L. ruthenium seedlings was studied.

METHODSeveral physiological indexes of L. ruthenium seeds under NaCl stress, such as the germination rate (Gr), germination vigor (Gv), germination index (Gi), vigor index (Vi), and relative salt damage rate were measured. Other indexes of the seedlings like relative water contents (RWC) , chlorophyll contents, soluble protein contents, electrolyte leakage, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), and peroxidase (POD) were also measured.

RESULTNaCl at lower concentration could promote the seed germination but inhibit the seed germination at higher concentration. After the treatment by CaCl2 at the different concentrations, all germination indexes were increased. With the increase of salt concentration, the relative water contents and the contents of chlorophyll were decreased, the content of MDA and electrolyte leakage were increased. The change trend of POD activity showed the first increase and then decrease with the increase of salt concentration, which was similar to that of the soluble protein. After the treatment by CaCl2, relative water contents, chlorophyll and POD activities were decreased more slowly, and also electrolyte leakage and MDA contents increased slowly.

CONCLUSIONThe CaCl2 could significantly alleviate the damages to the seeds and seedlings of L. ruthenium under NaCl stress, and promote the salt resistance to the seeds and seedlings of L. ruthenium.

Calcium ; pharmacology ; Germination ; drug effects ; Lycium ; drug effects ; metabolism ; physiology ; Seedlings ; drug effects ; metabolism ; physiology ; Seeds ; drug effects ; metabolism ; physiology ; Sodium Chloride ; metabolism

Objective To explore the causes of biliary complications related with liver donor fol- lowing liver transplantation.Methods Ninty-nine patients with improved liver donor treatment during liver transplantation from May 2005 to April 2006 were followed up and the clinical data were ana- lyzed.At the same time,the rate of biliary complications was compared with that occurring on 43 pa- tients with unimproved liver donor treatment.Results Only 4 in 99 patients with improved liver donor treatment had biliary leakage with the rate of biliary complications being 4% in comparison with 11% in those with unimproved liver donor treatment.Conclusion The improvement of liver donor treat- ment,including shortening heat-ischemia time,completely washing bile duct and remaining the whole blood supply of bile duct,can decline the occurrence of biliary complications.

Objective To quantify the neurons in the temporal lobe white matter and find their distribution in the neurologically normal individuals.Methods The temporal lobe at the level of exterior geniculata body from brain autopsy samples of 14 neurologically normal individuals were made into large slice followed by quantitative analysis of neuron density,cell density,ratio and diameter of the neuronal nuclear and the distribution of white matter neurons using two-dimensional cell counting methods.Results With the depth of the white matter of the temporal lobe increasing,the neuron density decreased from 29.26 neurons/ mm~2 to 7.32 neurons/mm~2 and 0.00 neurons/mm~2,respectively;the cell density,neuron ratio and diameter of the neuronal nuclei all decreased.Conclusion There are neurons in the temporal lobe white matter of neurologically normal individuals,whose distribution of neurons is related to the depth of white matter.

Background The construction of tissue-engineered corneal endothelium needs the functional seeding cells,so how to culture a large amount of functional corneal endothelial cells (CECs) is an urgent problem to be solved.Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of aqueous humor on bovine CECs in vitro.Methods Aqueous humor of 1.2 ml was collected from the anterior chamber of bovine and sterilized,and the liquid supernatant was obtained.The bovine CECs were isolated from bovine cornea and then cultured in low glucose Dulbecco Modified Eagle Medium with 10％ fetal bovine serum (FBS) in vitro.Aqueous humor was added into the medium with the final concentration of 2.5％,5.0％,l0.0％,15.0％ and 20.0％,respectively,and no aqueous humor was added in the control group.Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to detect the absorbency value of CECs for the evaluation of cell proliferation.Progression of the cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM).After confluence of the cells was reached,1 ml plastic spear tip was used to scratch the cell single layer,and the cells were incubated consequently in medium with 10％ FBS and with or without aqueous humor for 24 hours.Healing area of the cell single layer was measured.The cells were incubated at a density of 6 × 105 cells/ml and cultured using medium with or without 10.0％ aqueous human for 5 days,and the number of the cells was analyzed by DAPI fluorescence technique.Results Under the phase-contrast microscopy,the confluent CECs showed a slabstone-like and hexagonal appearance.CCK-8 assay revealed that the absorbance values of CECs was significantly different among the various culture groups (F=4.051,P =0.007),and the absorbance value in different concentrations of aqueous human culture groups was significantly higher than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.01).FCM showed that the percentage of the cells in S-G2 phases was (34.80-±3.13)％ in the 10.0％ aqueous humors group and (23.06±1.13)％ in the control group,showing a significant difference (t =-5.729,P=0.005).The scratch test showed that the healing area of the cell signal layer was (0.116±0.019) mm2 in the 10.0％ aqueous humors group and (0.358 ±0.049) mm2 in the control group,showing a significant difference (t =13.842,P =0.000).The density of cells in the 10.0％ aqueous humor group was (1439± 1 10)/field,which was more than (1162±45)/field in the control group (t =-11.020,P=0.000).Conclusions Aqueous humor at the concentration of 10.0％ promote the growth and proliferation of bovine CECs.The result suggests that 10.0％ aqueous humor can be used as a promoting agent during the culture of CECs.