By developing a rapid gelation chitosan (CS) /β-glycerophosphate (β-GP) thermosensitive hydrogel containing Kuijiean, to decrease the loss of drug and confirm the capabilities of the drug delivery. Thermosensitive hydrogel was a carrier, gel time was chosen in this study as the index to investigate the effect of β-GP concentration, pH value, and temperature on the thermosensitive hydrogel by single factor experiments. The properties of the hydrogel were characterized regarding shape and surface morphology by using scaning electron microscopy (SEM); The chemical structure diversification of hydrogels upon gelation was charactered by FTIR spectrometer. By the experiments of the drug loaded thermosensitive hydrogel to deliver drug in vitro, the diversification of the capabilities of the drug delivery was evaluated. The temperature of Kuijiean thermosensitive hydrogel was (37.0 ± 4.5) ℃, by which the sol gel could transform into semi-solid gel at (6.00 ± 0.82) min, the drug release rate slowed down obviously, and the cumulative release rate was only (67.78 ± 0.35)% (n = 3) by 24 h, while the cumulative release rate of the equal quantity of raw material drug was (90.43 ± 0.62)% (n = 3) by 24 h. The release behavior was close to the Weibull model, the drug release mechanism was a double mechanism combining drug diffusion and gel erosion. It is true that achieves the transformation of Kuijiean from sol to semi-solid gel at 37.0 ℃. The CS/β-GP gel system allows the sustained release of the Kuijiean.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of antibiotics in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) pa-tients. METHODS:Medical records of 342 CAP inpatients in our hospital during Jan.-Dec. in 2014 were analyzed retrospectively by DDDs and SPSS 19.0 statistical software. According to the age,the patients were divided into youth group,the young group, middle age group and elderly group,and clinical information and the use of antibiotics were analyzed statistically. RESULTS:Mi-crobiological examination of 320 of 342 CAP inpatients were performed with detection rate of 93.57%;sputum culture,blood cul-ture and PCT were conducted in 67 case to find out pathogenic bacteria with negative rate of 20.18%. 338 patients had used antibi-otics (98.83%),and other 4 patients refused anti-infective treatment. Selected empirical antibiotics of our hospital were mainlyβ-lactam (50.07%),quinolones (35.70%) and macrolides (9.80%). CAP inpatients were mainly given two-drug therapy,of which cephalosporin combined with quinolone were most common,including 178 cases in total (53.61%). During treatment,17 patients suffered from ADR,with incidence of 5.03%. CONCLUSIONS:The detection rate from patients with CAP in our hospital is high in microbiological examination,but culture results should be analyzed dialectically according to clinical signs. Empirical an-ti-infective therapy mainly include β-lactams,quinolones and macrolides antibiotics alone or in combination with,basically meet the guideline for CAP Diagnosis and Therapy Guideline.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational application of tigecyclinet and alert to the occurrence of severe ADR.METHODS:Fifity patients receiving tigecycline in a level 3 general hospital during 2013-2015 were analyzed retrospectively to observe the change of symptom,sign and lab indexes after using Tigecyclinet injfection.Possible ADR of tigecycline,processing and outcomes were summarized.RESULTS:Among 50 patients,there were 24 cases of ADR,including 10 cases of inducing or aggravating blood coagulation abnormality (41.67％),9 cases of liver function injury (37.50％),4 cases of vomiting and other gastrointestinal discomfort (16.67％),1 case of red erythra with itching (4.17％).ADR of digestive system were mild and recovered after symptomatic treatment as inhibiting acid,antiemetic.Severe ADR as Liver function injury could not be recovered after symptomatic treatment as protecting liver,reducing enzyme.Nine cases of liver function injury mainly manifested as the elevation of TBIL,DBIL,ALP,LDH;8 of which suffered from liver function injury before medication and the symptom was aggravated after medication;liver function injury appeared in 3 cases on 10th day after medication and in 2 cases on 9th day after medication.Ten cases suffered from coagulation function disorder before medication and the symptom was aggravated after medication,which mainly manifested as the prolongation of APTT and TT and the elevation of INR,PT,D-dimer,etc.The coagulation function disorder was aggravated abnormally on 2nd-22th day after using tigecycline,mainly appearing on 2nd-5th day (70.00％).CONCLUSIONS:Great importance should be attached to severe ADR as coagulation function disorder,liver function injury when using tigecycline,in order to ensure the safety of drug use.

Objective The generate of posterior capsular opacification(PCO)is associated with the adhensive and migration of residual subcapsular lens epithelial cells(LECs).Titanium dioxide(TiO_2)nanometer is proved to have the ability of killing tumor cells and cultured bovine LECs.This study tried to observe the effects of TiO_2 nanometer thin film provoked by light on adhesiveness and migration of bovine LECs in vitro.MethodsThe fresh bovine lenses were obtained and cultured in DMEM containing 10% of newborn bovine serum.The second to fifth generation of cells were used in this experiment.The slide modified by TiO_2 photocatalyst film was prepared by sol-gel method.Cultured cells were seeded in filmed or unfilmed slides respectively and exposed to ultraviolet(wavelength 365 nm)for 20 or 40 minutes.The contact angle between water drop and slide was measured by droping method and the cells adhered to slides were calculated after 24 and 48 hours of culture.The growth status and migration distance of bovine LECs were assayed and compared between filmed and unfilmed groups.ResultsThe contact angle between water drop and slide was 0°±2°and 18.825°±2.342° in filmed and unfilmed group respectively,indicating a obviously smaller contact angle in TiO_2 filmed group than unfilmed one.The numbers of bovine LECs adhered to filmed slide was considerably reduced in TiO_2 filmed group compared with unfilmed group in different UVA exposure time(t_(0 min)=5.492,P=0.001;t_(20 min)=6.031,P=0.000;t_(40 min)=6.828,P=0.000).However,no significant difference was found in the numbers of adhensive cells among 3 UVA irradiation time points(F=1.278,P=0.297).The migration distance of the cells was significantly shorter in TiO_2 filmed group in comparison with unfilmed group in 24 and 48 hours after UVA irradiation(F_(group)=14.965,P=0.000;F_(time)=38.033,P=0.000).ConclusionThe TiO_2 nanometer thin film is characterized by the superhydrophilic property.So it can effectively impede the adhesion and migration of bovine LECs in vitro.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between arterial baroreceptor reflex (ABR) function and target organ dam age (TOD) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) .Methods:Twenty- four- hour blood pressure (SBP and DBP ) ,blood pressure variability (BPV ) ,heart rate (HR ) and HR variability (HRV ) were m easured in conscious, unrestrained SHR and Wistar- Kyoto (WKY ) rats.ABR function control of heart period (ABR- HP) and blood pressure (ABR- BP) were determined respectively.Hypertensive TOD was evaluated according to the scoring system.Results:SBP, DBP and their BPV were significantly increased in SHR compared with those of WKY rats.No difference of HR was found between the 2 strains,but HRV was significantly decreased in SHR when com pared with WKY rats.ABR- HP and ABR- BP of SHR were significantly decreased compared with those of WKY rats (P

AIM To investigate the changes of vascular systiolic/relaxant function in sino-aortic denervated rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were underwent sino-aortic denervation (SAD). The sinoaortic denervated (SAD) rats were adopted as a model of arterial baroreflex deficit. SAD, isolated aortic-denervated (AD) and isolated sinus-denervated (SD) rats were instrumented chronically to record blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), BP variability (BPV), HR variability (HRV), arterial baroreflex function control of heart period (ABR-HP) and BP (ABR-BP). The vascular maximum contractile/relaxant function was determined through cumulative venous injection of phenylephrine (SBP max ) and nitroprusside(DBP min ) both after ganglionic blokade. RESULTS Acute SAD(1 week after operation) caused hypertension and tachycardia in rats. Eighteen weeks after operation, BP and HR values in SAD and SD rats were not different from those in sham-operated rats, but AD rats were hypertensive compared with control group. Though the 24 h mean BP values of chronic (18 weeks after operation) SAD rats was not different from those in the sham-operated rats, 24 h BPV of SAD rats was significantly higher when compared with sham-operated rats. ABR function in the acute SAD rats was significantly decreased when compared with sham-operated rats, whereas in chronic SAD rats, both ABR-HP and ABR-BP were higher than those in acute SAD rats, but were still significantly lower than those in control groups. 18 weeks after operation, ABR function in SAD and AD rats were significantly decreased when compared with those in SD and control groups. SBP max after phenylephrine and DBP min after nitroprusside were significantly higher in SAD, AD and SD rats than in control group. ABR function was negatively correlated to DBP min ( r =-0.677 for ABR-HP, and r =-0.681 for ABR-BP; P

Intravenous thrombolysis before endovascular thrombectomy has become the standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke caused by anterior circulation large vessel occlusion.However,there is still controversy about direct endovascular thrombectomy or bridging intravenous thrombolysis.This article elaborates on this.

Objective To explore the value of carbon nanoparticles in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) undergoing total thyroidectomy combined with ipsilateral central lymph node dissection.Methods 43 patients with unilateral PTC were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent total thyroidectomy combined with central lymph node dissection.Patients were divided into carbon nanoparticles group and the control group according to whether carbon nanoparticles were used in the operation.The operation time,postoperative hospitalization time,the serum calcium level and its rate of change,the parathyroid hormone and its rate of change on the 1 st day after surgery,the number of central lymph node and the transfer rate,and the postoperative complications were compared between the 2 groups.Results There was no statistical difference between the 2 groups in operation time(P ＞ 0.05),while the postoperative hospitalization time of the carbon nanoparticles group was shorter than that of the control group(P ＜ 0.05).The serum calcium and the parathyroid hormone on the 1 st day after surgery in the carbon nanoparticles group was (2.31 ± 0.13) mmol/L and (33.45 ± 14.37) pg/ml respectively,higher than those of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The low blood calcium rate (3/20 (15％)),the temporary hypoparathyroidism rate (2/20 (10％)) and the decline degree of parathyroid hormone (47.3 ± 14.31)％ in the carbon nanoparticles group were lower than those of the control group(P ＜0.05).The number of central lymph node dissected (9.45 ± 2.33) pieces/case in the carbon nanoparticles group was more than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The number of lymph node in the right recurrent laryngeal nerve (3.12 ± 0.65) pieces/case was more than that of the control group(P ＜ 0.05).The lymph node metastasis rate had no significant difference between the 2 groups(P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of postoperative complications in the carbon nanoparticles group was lower than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The application of carbon nanoparticles in total thyroidectomy combined with central lymph node dissection can contribute to the recognition and protection of parathyroid glands and its blood supply,improve the rate of central lymph node dissection,and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications.

Objective To explore the effect of transcription factor E2F1 on the apoptosis of small cell cancer line H446. Methods Plamid vector- mediated E2F1 small hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to silence E2F1 in H446 cell. RT-PCR and western-blot assay were used to detect the expressions of E2F1 and Bcl-2. The apoptosis rate in H446 cell line was detected by flow cytometry assay. Result E2F1 protein was suppressed in shRNA1-modified H446 cell. Sgnificant difference of the apoptosis was shown between E2F1 shRNA1 group and the other two groups. Additionaly, the expression of Bcl-2 protein increased in E2F1 shRNA1-modified cell line. Conclusions E2F1 is highly expressed in H446 small cell lung cancer cell line. E2F1 promotes apoptosis of H446 through upregulating Bcl-2 expression.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between preoperative blood platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and clinico-pathological features, as well as the effect of PLR on the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients after surgical resec-tion. Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed for 255 cases with histologically confirmed NSCLC that underwent curative re-section from January 2004 to December 2007. All patients were classified into two groups based on the median value of PLR. The rela-tionship between PLR and clinicopathological features was studied. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the prognostic effect of preoperative PLR. Results:The median value of preoperative PLR was 130 (range:45.45 to 272.66). Based on the cut-off value of 130, all patients were divided into two groups:low PLR (≤130, n=127) and high PLR (>130, n=128). PLR was corre-lated with tumor site, T stage, and clinical stage. Five-year survival rates of low and high PLR patients were 49.6%and 33.6%, respec-tively, which indicated a statistically significant difference (χ2=12.577, P<0.001) between the two groups. Univariate analysis showed that smoking status, histological differentiation, clinical stage, T stage, N stage, postoperative adjuvant therapy and PLR were associat-ed with survival (P<0.05 for all). Multivariate analysis identified N stage, postoperative adjuvant therapy, and PLR as independent prog-nostic factors of all the patients. In addition, stratified analysis showed that the five-year survival rate of the low PLR group was higher than that of the high PLR group with or without lymph node metastasis, and the differences were statistically significant (P=0.020 and 0.037). Conclusion:An elevated blood preoperative PLR indicates poor prognosis in NSCLC patients. Preoperative PLR is an indepen-dent prognostic factor of NSCLC after curative resection.