Objective To find out the present situation of hepatitis B infection or immunity in Tianjin city,and to provide the scientific basis for the hepatitis B control and prevention.Methods 2 594 samples were selected with the methods of different proportionate stratified and cluster sampling,and the hepatitis B infection markers were detected by ELISA.Results The positive rates of HBsAg,anti-HBs,anti-HBc and HBV were 2.62％,46.72％,10.60％ and 51.54％.Conclusion Compared with the results in 1992,the positive rates of HBsAg,anti-HBc and HBV were decreased significantly,while the positive rate of anti-HBs increased significandy,which ascribed to the comprehensive measure with the vaccination against hepatitis B as a main strategy for control hepatitis B.

AIM: To investigate the immune mechanisms for Periplocin from Cortex Periplocae (CPP) in tumor-bearing mice. METHODS: H_(22) tumor-bearing model BALB/c mice were applied to evaluated in vivo immunoregulatory effect of CPP. The influence of different dose CPP (0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mg/kg) on immune organs in tumorbearing mice were observed. T cell subsets of mice spleen were detected by flow cytometry. MTT assay was used to determine the influence of CPP on lymphocyte proliferation of mice spleen stimulated by ConA. The levels of TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-12 in serum from mice were detected by means of ELISA. RESULTS: Thymus index and spleen index of H_(22) tumor-bearing model control mice became less than that of normal mice (P < 0.05). Compared to both model and normal control groups, thymus index and spleen index of H_(22) tumor-bearing mice treated with CPP increased obviously (P < 0.05). CPP had no influence on the number of CD8~+ T cells, but up-regulated markedly the number of CD3~+, CD4~+ T cells and the ratio of CD4~+/CD8~+ in tumorbearing mice. In CPP-treated mice, the percentage of CD3~+, CD4~+ T cells were not different from normal mice (P<0.05), the ratio of CD4~+/CD8~+ was higher than that of normal mice (P < 0.05). CPP enhanced obviously lymphocyte proliferation of mice spleen induced by ConA, the SI scores were even higher than that of nornal mice. The levels of TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-12 in serum from CPP-treated mice, increased significantly compared to model control group (P<0.05) in a dose-dependent manner, were similar to or higher than that of normal mice. CONCLUSION: CPP protected immune organs of tumor-bearing mice, increased obviously the percentage of CD4~+ and CD4~+/ CD8~+ among the T cell line, and enhanced lymphocyte proliferation of mice spleen significantly, stimulated the production of TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-12. The results suggested that CPP possessed potent immunoregulatory effect.

Objective:To observe the effect of FSEER on the immunosuppressive and bone-marrow-suppressive mice after chemotherapy,and explore the mechanism of hematopoietic and immunologic function in mice accentuated by FSEER.Methods: Mice were injected cyclophosphamide(Cy)except control group,then randomly divided into mode group(saline),FSEER groups[120,60 mg/( kg· d) ].The spleen index( SI) of all mice was calculated respectively.Flow cytometry instrument testing mice peripheral blood lymphocytes CD3,CD4,CD8 change.The content of TNF-α,IL-2 and IL-12 in mice serum were measured by ELISA kits.Morphological images of bone marrow of the mice were observed under the microscope after Wright-Giemsa′s staining.Results:The spleen index( SI) was increased in both of the two FSEER groups.ELISA analyses showed that the content of TNF-αand IL-2 was increased in both of the two FSEER groups.The population of CD3+CD4+T lymphocyte and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+were all increased in the low dose experimental group.After treated with FSEER, the hematopoietic depression was improved significantly.Conclusion: FSEER can improve the state of immunosuppressive and myelosuppressive mice caused by Cy thus could alleviate the side effect of chemotherapy ef-fectively.

Objective To assess the characteristics of the dysfunction of semicircular canal in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and the relationship with the ectopic otoconia.Methods There were 214 patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo( BPPV),including 107 cases of posterior semicircular canal canalithasis(PSC-Can) 80 cases of horizontal semicircular canal canalithasis( HSC-Can),27 cases of horizontal semicircular canal cupulolithiasis (HSC-Cup).One hundred and ninety (88.8％)patients were accompany with relevant diseases while 24 ( 11.2％ ) cases were not.They accepted low,middle and high frequency vestibular function tests,including caloric test ( CT),head shaking test (HST) and video head impulse test(vHIT) respectively.The parameters of the unilateral weakness(UW),head shaking nystagmus (HSN) and video head impulse test gain(vHIT-G) were observed.Patients classified into three groups (PSC-Can,HSC-Can,HSC-Cup) according to the involvement semicircular canal.The results of the three tests were analyzed with SPSS16.0 software.Results The positive cases of the three tests were vHIT:15 (7.0％),HST:52(24.3％ ),CT:152(71.0％ ),a statistically significant difference(P ＜ 0.05) was found between the three tests.When compared the Calorie Test,HST and vHIT between the BPPV patients with and without relevant diseases,there were no significant differences ( P ＞ 0.05 ).The variance without statistical significance(P ＞ 0.05) was showed between three tests' results in each groups,it was also showed that the variance between the three groups in each tests reached no statistical significance(P ＞0.05 ).The test of affected side UW between PSC-Can,HSC- Can and HSC-Cup showed the variance without statistical significance( F =0.970,P =0.383 ). Conclusions The lesion of semicircular canals has the same etiological factors with the utricle pathological change in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo,and the dysfunction mostly happens in low frequency range of semicircular canal frequency band. The ectopic otoconia is not the main etiological factors for that.HST and vHIT of middle and high frequency can not be ultimately used for the screening test evaluating due to the semicircular canal function in BPPV.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation of vasectomy with the risk of prostate cancer in Chinese men.

METHODSWe systematically searched the databases CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for the literature relating the relationship between vasectomy and the risk of prostate cancer in Chinese males up to December 2014. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two investigators independently selected the eligible publications, evaluated their quality, and extracted relevant information, followed by a meta-analysis with the software STATA 12.0.

RESULTSNine studies were included in the analysis involving 1 202 cases of prostate cancer and 4,496 controls. Random-effect model analysis revealed no statistically significant correlation between vasectomy and the risk of prostate cancer (OR = 1.05; 95% CI 0.62-1.79), with an obvious heterogeneity (P < 0.001, I2 = 85.7%). No significant publication bias was found among the included studies (Egger, P = 0.824; Begg, P = 0.348).

CONCLUSIONThe results of our meta-analysis do not support the association of vasectomy with the increased risk of prostate cancer in Chinese population.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; ethnology ; etiology ; Risk Assessment ; Vasectomy ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)/open prostatectomy (OP) in the treatment of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

METHODSWe searched Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, Wanfang and CBM for randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing HoLEP with TURP/OP. Comparable data were extracted from eligible studies and pooled for meta-analysis using RevMan5.1.

RESULTSNine RCTs were included in this study, 6 comparing HoLEP with TURP, and the other 3 comparing HoLEP with OP. Meta-analysis showed that, compared with TURP, HoLEP was associated with shorter hospital stay and catheterization time, less hemoglobin loss, longer operative time, and better improvement in international prostate symptom score (IPSS) , peak urinary flow rate (Qmax) and post void residual (PVR) , but the incidences of postoperative urethral stricture and urinary incontinence had no statistically significant difference between the two. Compared with OP, HoLEP showed shorter hospital stay and catheterization time, a lower rate of blood transfusion, longer operative time, and removal of fewer tissues, but the two procedures exhibited no significant differences in either the improvement of IPSS and Qmax or the incidence of urethral stricture.

CONCLUSIONHoLEP is a minimally invasive technique, safe and highly effective for the treatment of BOO secondary to BPH, with its advantages of lower peri-operative morbidity and faster recovery over TURP and OP. However, more high-quality RCTs with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups need to be carried out to obtain better evidence.

Holmium ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Male ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; surgery ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; methods

With the excellent merits of wide analytical range, high sensitivity, small sample size, fast analysis speed, good repeatability, simple operation, low mobile phase consumption, as well as its capability of simultaneous isolation and identification, etc, mass spectrometry techniques have become widely used in the area of environmental science, energy chemical industry, biological medicine, and so on. This article reviews the application of mass spectrometry technology in biological sample analysis in the latest three years with the focus on the new applications in pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence, toxicokinetics, pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic, population pharmacokinetics, identification and fragmentation pathways of drugs and their metabolites and metabonomics to provide references for further study of biological sample analysis.
Animals ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Metabolomics ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; chemistry ; Pharmacokinetics ; Pharmacology ; Therapeutic Equivalency

AIMTo compare the use of the suprapubic puncture method versus the transurethral method in pressure-flow studies in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

METHODSTwenty-three men with benign prostatic hyperplasia underwent both suprapubic and transurethral pressure-flow studies during a single session. Standard pressure-flow variables were recorded in all patients with both methods, enabling calculation of obstruction using commonly used grading systems, such as the urethral resistance algorithm, the Abrams-Griffith (AG) number and the Schaer linear nomogram.

RESULTSThere were statistically significant differences between the methods in the mean values of maximum flow rate (P < 0.05), detrusor pressure at the maximum flow (P < 0.01), urethral resistance algorithm (P < 0.01), AG number (P < 0.01) and maximum cystic capacity (P < 0.01). Of the men in the study, 10 (43.5%) remained in the same Schaer class with both methods and 18 (78.3%) in the same AG number area. Using the transurethral method, 12 (52.2%) men increased their Schaer class by one and 1 (4.3%) by two. There were also differences between the suprapubic and transurethral methods using the AG number: 4 (17.4%) men moved from a classification of equivocal to obstructed and 1 (4.3%) from unobstructed to equivocal.

CONCLUSIONThe differences between the techniques for measuring intravesical pressure alter the grading of obstruction determined by several of the commonly used classifications. An 8 F transurethral catheter significantly increases the likelihood of a diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction when compared with the suprapubic method.

Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pressure ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; physiopathology ; Punctures ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; diagnosis ; Urinary Catheterization ; Urination ; physiology ; Urodynamics

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the feasibility of retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery combined with ureteroscopic lithotomy through the pelvis for treatment of renal and ureteral calculi.

METHODSIn February 2010, 2 patients with renal and ureteral calculi underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery combined with ureteroscopic lithotomy through the pelvis.

RESULTSThe operation time in these two cases was 70 and 80 min, and the volume of intraoperative blood loss was about 20 ml. The exposure was excellent, and the patient recovered rapidly without complications or residual calculi.

CONCLUSIONRetroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery combined with ureteroscopic lithotomy through the pelvis is feasible for treatment of renal and ureteral calculi.

Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi ; complications ; surgery ; Kidney Pelvis ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Treatment Outcome ; Ureteral Calculi ; complications ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo construct an eukaryotic recombinant expression vector for retinoblastoma 1 gene (RB-1) and investigate the role of RB-1 in prostate cancer.

METHODSThe coding sequence of RB-1 gene tagged with FLAG was amplified from the plasmid CMV-RB by PCR method. The fragment was cloned into CMV expression vector and identified by restriction enzyme digestion and sequence analysis. Western Blotting was used to detect RB-1 expression and immunofluorescence was used to observe RB-1 distribution in PC-3 cells transfected with the recombinant.

RESULTSThe expression vector CMV-FLAG-RB was successfully constructed as confirmed by PCR, endonuclease digestion and DNA sequence analysis. RB-1 protein was highly expressed and showed a nuclear distribution in PC-3 cells transfected with the recombinant.

CONCLUSIONSThe eukaryotic expression vector for RB-1 has been successfully constructed and can be efficiently expressed in PC-3 cells. The expression of RB-1 is located in the cell nuclei.

Base Sequence ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Retinoblastoma Protein ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transfection