The liver is the most common site of colorectal cancer metastasis(CRLM). The importance of how to treat CRLM has attracted attention from doctors world wide and specific academic organization and expect consensus has been established. Relative principals of treatment of CRLM also developed in China, for example, guideline of diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastasis(draft) and standard for diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer, which were established in 2008 and 2010, respectively. However, we found that the Chinese doctors still understand these treatment policies inadequately, and easily produce deviation on the treatment progress. Based on the problems of current CRLM treatment, we have some thoughts or suggestions as follows: (1)Promoting the core conception of CRLM treatment actively: surgery is the only method to achieve possible cure of the CRLM. (2) Evaluating the status of new adjuvant chemotherapy for CRLM dialectically. (3)Paying attention to multi-disciplinary team(MDT): MDT is the scientific treatment foundation of CRLM. (4)Changing the treatment conception of primary tumor of CRLM: radical resection of primary tumor is essential for the resectable CRLM.(5)Emphasizing the surgical treatment of CRLM combined with lung metastasis. (6)Do not neglect the safety of patients, when we emphasize the surgery is the optimal treatment of CRLM. These guides of treatment of CRLM will improve the outcomes of CRLM around the world, but we still need pay attention to above mentioned points in order to insure the standardization and scientification of CRLM therapy.
China ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; secondary ; therapy

Objective To study the protective effects of garlic polysaecharide on L02 from oxidative injury.Methods Cultured L02 were injured by ethanol.Various concentrations of GP(10、20、40、80 mg/L) were added into culture medium.Then the cellular MDA,SOD,and GSH-Px were determined in order to observe the protection of curcumin and the time-dose-response effects.Meanwhile,HO-1 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR method after ethanol exposure.The expressions of HO- 1 proteins were detected by Western blotling.Results GP (10、20、40、80 mg/L) could reduce oxidative injury induced by ethanol in L02 cells.Liver cells were 100 mmol/L alcohol after 8h exposure,SOD[(3.65±0.42) NU/mg,(4.11±0.16) NU/mg,(4.61 ±0.23)NU/mg],GSH-Px [ (75.96 ± 8.96) mg/mg,(81.83±5.70) mg/mg,(89.32±6.35) mg/mg respectively],GSH-Px[(75.96±8.96),(81.83±5.70),(89.32±6.35) respectively]activity,MDA[(1.05±0.16) nmol/mg,(0.99± 0.12) nmol/mg; (0.78± 0.11) nmol/mg respectively]levels compared with the control group [ (2.35 ±0.28) NU/mg,(54.41 ±8.17) mg/mg,(1.58±0.23) nmol/mg respectively],there was a significant difference (P＜ 0.05 ); HO-1 mRNA expression was in a concentration- dependent effect.Conclusion GP had protective effects on L02 from oxidative injury probably by reducing GSH consumption,improving antioxidant enzyme activity and inhibiting lipid peroxidation reaction at dose-dependent manner.GP could promote expression of HO-1 mRNA co-coordinating role in protecting liver cells from oxidative injury.

ObjectiveTo provide a reference for the establishment and appliance of enzyme reference measurement of CK in China by comparing and analyzing the RELA results of CK in IFCC from 2006-2008. Methods The RELA samples of CK were measured according to the reference procedure for the measurement of catalytic activity concentration of CK (37 ℃) ,which had been published by IFCC. The EP5A2 protocol was used for evaluation of the imprecision and ERM was used for verification of the trueness. Results In RELA 2006, the result of sample A was (9. 896 ±0. 112) μkat/L, and the result of sample B was (4.953 ±0. 120) μkat/L. In RELA 2007, the result of sample A was (2.684 ±0.054)μkat/L, and the result of sample B was (8.798 μ0. 101) μkat/L. In RELA 2008, the result of sample A was (10. 523 ±0. 149) μkat/L,and the result of sample B was (10. 551 ±0. 141) μkat/L. The precision of the CK reference method in the year 2006 to 2008 was 0. 92%, 0. 86% and 0. 88% respectively, each of them is less than 1% and the results of ERMs were consistent with the certified value(1. 68 ± 0. 07)μkat/L,which verify the imprecision and accuracy of the reference method. Conclusions All of the results in the continuous three years were in the range of equivalence limits suggested by IFCC. The CK reference method suggested by IFCC has been established and it is getting better.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features of multiple primary colorectal carcinoma. Methods The clinical data of 30 patients with multiple primary colorectal carcinoma and 580 patients with single colorectal carcinoma who were admitted to the Peking University People's Hospital from January 2001 to March 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 16 patients with multiple synchronous carcinoma and 14with multiple metachronous carcinoma. The survival of the patients was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method and the survival rates were compared using Log-rank test. All data were analyzed using the chi-square test. Results The onset age of multiple metachronous primary carcinoma was younger than that of multiple synchronous carcinoma and single colorectal carcinoma, while the onset age of multiple metachronous secondary carcinoma was close to that of multiple synchronous carcinoma and single colorectal carcinoma. Most of the synchronous carcinoma located at the left colon; while most of the metachronous primary carcinoma located at the rectum and sigmoid colon, and most of the metachronous secondary carcinoma located at the ascending colon. Patients with multiple synchronous carcinoma or multiple metachronous primary carcinoma received radical resection. Of the 14 patients with multiple metachronous carcinoma, 9 received radical resection for secondary focus. Except for three patients with multiple synchronous carcinoma and two patients with multiple metachronous carcinoma, all patients received postoperative chemotherapy with FCF, FOLFOX or XELOX regimen. Of the 580 patients with single colorectal carcinoma, 512 received radical resection, 68 received palliative operation, and 519 received postoperative chemotherapy. The cumulative survival rate of patients with multiple metachronous primary carcinoma was significantly higher than that of single colorectal carcinoma (x2 = 17. 289, P ＜ 0. 05). There was no significant difference in the cumulative survival rate between patients with single colorectal carcinoma and those with multiple metachronous secondary carcinoma or multiple synchronous carcinoma (x2 = 1.731, 0. 800, P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusion The prognosis of patients with colorectal multiple metachronous carcinoma is better than those with single colorectal carcinoma, and the prognosis of colorectal synchronous carcinoma is similar to those with single colorectal carcinoma.

Gene therapy has emerged as an efficient modality to treat human diseases.This method is based on the transfer of genetic material to tissues to induce a curative effect.Gene therapy vectors are molecular constructs used to facilitate the penetration of genomic sequences inside the cells.Viral vectots have however several limitations when administered directly to the patient.They may cause significant toxicity by activating innate immunity or by eliciting an adaptive immune response against viral proteins.In addition,targeting the vector to the desired site is an issue when given systemically.The use of cells as vehicles for gene therapy vectors has many advantages.The combination of cell-viro-gene therapy has been thought as a new and promising strategy for therapy of cancer.The targeting vector to cancer stem cells will become a new direction in the field of gene therapy.In this article,we will introduce progressions,limitations and future directions of gene therapy of liver cancer.

Objective To observe the effects of over expression and inhibition expression of SAA protein on biological behavior of nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE2 cells.Methods pcDNA3.1 (+)-SAA-CNE2 cell lines of high expression and pGPU6/GFP/Neo-SAA-CNE2 cell lines of interference expression of SAA protein in vitro.These two cells constructed by transfection of pcD-NA3.1(+)-SAA plasmid of SAA high expression and pGPU6/GFP/Neo-SAA plasmids of SAA inhibition expression respectively, plasmids of which were previously successfully reconstructed by the research group.Cell cycle of these two cells was analyzed by flow cytometry with PI staining.The ability of cell proliferation was inspected by plate cloning-forming test.Results Flow cytome-try showed that with the increase of expression of SAA protein,it had effect on promoting CNE2 cell division.Plate cloning-forming test showed that SAA protein can improve proliferation of the CNE2 cells.Conclusion SAA protein has the effect on promoting proliferation of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CEN2 cell and migration in vitro.

Objective To explore the cinical significance of Plasma Endothelin-1(ET-1) and Nitrous Oxide(NO) in the children associated with left to right shunt congenital heart defect(CHD) with Pulmonary Hypertension(PH).Methods 42 children associated with left to right shunt congenital heart defect with pulmonary hypertension(as patient's group),26 children associated with left to right shunt congenital heart defect without pulmonary hypertension(as heathly group),20 children had the checkup(as control group).Plasma ET-1 and NO2+/NO3+ was cletected in all groups by radioimmunoassay and nitric acid-restored method.Results ET-1 of patient's group was significantly higher than that of control group(P0.05);NO2+/NO3+ of that was significantly lower control group(P

In order to explore the therapeutic action and mechanisms of Chang An Capsules for treatment of ulcerative colitis, 62 cases were randomly divided into two groups and treated with oral administration of Chang An Capsules and Bu Pi Yi Chang Pill respectively, for 3 therapeutic courses. Clinical observation, pathological therapeutic effects, and changes of enteroscopic sign , serum immunoglobin, complement C3, serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipid peroxide (LPO) before and after treatment were observed. Results indicated that in the treatment group, the total effective rate was 93. 80%, the therapeutic effects for enteroscopy and pathology were 81. 30% and 84. 40% respectively, and serum immunoglobin, complement Cs, serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and lipid peroxide (LPO) were improved or inhibited, with significant difference compared with the control group (P

Objective: To prepare chitosan neurotoxin nanoparticles (CS-NT-NP) and study its effect on the permeability of blood brain barrier and the serum levels of S100β by intranasal administration. Methods: A formamide extraction-ultraviolet spectrophotometry method was employed to determine the concentration of Evans blue (EB) in brain by different routes of administration and preparations. Qualitative analysis of fluorescence intensity and distribution of EB in brain tissue was performed by fluorescence microscopy. The serum S100β protein concentration was determined by ELISA. Results: Compared with the control group and NT group, CS-NT-NP could significantly increase the content of EB in the brain with time-effect relation and reached the peak at 120 min (P < 0.01); Compared with muscle injection and ip injection, intranasal administration could significantly increase the content of EB and reached peak time quickly. The results were consistent with the experimental results of qualitative analysis of fluorescence intensity and distribution of EB in brain tissue by fluorescence microscopy and S100β protein in serum. It was consistent with the experimental results of S100β protein. Conclusion: CS-NT-NP by intranasal administration can significantly increase the permeability of BBB, and further increase the drug concentration in the brain, which is a good carrier of macromolecular drugs into the brain.

Metastatic cancer is often occurred in advanced digestive system tumors and the most involved organ is liver.Multiple therapeutic managements and strategies such as surgery,systemic chemotherapy,radiofrequency ablation,portal vein embolization and transarterial chemoembolization are used in the treatment of liver metastasis.However,the treatment of advanced digestive system tumors liver metastasis is still challenging,different therapeutic methods show different results for different tumors,comprehensive treatment should be used based on features of patients and muliidisciplinary cooperation.With the accumulation of clinical experiences,the emergence of novel chemotherapeutics,wider indications of surgical resection in treating liver metastases and accumulated evidence from randomized controlled trials,the therapeutic management of metastatic hepatic cancer should be standardized and more effective in the future.