Objective To analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of non-iodized salt at household level based on geographic information system (GIS) in Chongqing.Methods The database of non-iodized salt at county level from 2001 to 2010 was established in Chongqing.By using GIS technology,the spatial distribution and spatial autocorrelation were analyzed by ArcGIS 9.3 software.Results The rate of non-iodized salt was fluctuated between 2.35％-5.78％ during 2001-2006 and the rate was reduced to less than 2.00％ after 2007.The result of spatial autocorrelation analysis on non-iodized salt from 2001 to 2006 indicated that Moran's Ⅰindex was 0.145578,0.078801,0.108033,0.091957,0.127749,0.214302,respectively(Z value was 3.066275,1.977321,2.541619,2.309972,2.900446,3.874203,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).The spatial distribution of non-iodized salt had marked spatial cluster through Chongqing region from 2001 to 2006.The result of local spatial autocorrelation analysis from 2001 to 2006 indicated that Fengdu and Fuling were two high-risk areas(all P ＜ 0.05).Dianjiang,Yubei,Jiangbei,Wulong and Banan were also confirmed as high-risk areas in 2001,2005 and 2006(all P ＜ 0.05).The results also indicated that the distribution of non-iodized salt in the seven high-risk areas was positively correlated.The result of spatial autocorrelation analysis on non-iodized salt from 2007 to 2010 indicated that Moran's Ⅰ index was 0.018361,0.016186,0.040769,-0.059691,respectively (Z value was 1.093310,0.787361,1.071811,-0.583820,respectively,all P ＞ 0.05).The spatial distribution of non-iodized salt was at random on the whole from 2007 to 2010.However,there were four local high-risk areas.The distribution in Fengdu and Dianjiang was positively correlated,while that in Jiangjin and Shizhu was negatively correlated.Conclusions The distribution of non-iodized salt at households level in Chongqing is changed from spatial distribution before 2006 to random distribution after 2007,but there are high value areas,which should be taken as the focus of monitoring.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Salvianolate on myosin heavy chain (MHC) in cardiomyocytes of congestive heart failure (CHF) rats.

METHODSSixty male SD rats were divided into 6 groups according to random digit table, i.e., the normal control group (NCG), the model group, the Captopril group (CAG), the low dose Salvianolate group (LSG), the high dose Salvianolate group (HSG), the Captopril and high dose Salvianolate group (CSG), 10 in each group. CHF rat model was established with peritoneal injection of adriamycin in all rats except those in the NCG. Equal volume of normal saline was peritoneally injected to rats in the NCG, once per week for 6 successive weeks. Corresponding medication was started from the 5th week of injecting adriamycin. Rats in the CAG were administered with Captopril solution at the daily dose of 10 mg/kg by gastrogavage. Rats in the LSG and the HSG were administered with Salvianolate solution at the daily dose of 24.219 mg/kg and 48.438 mg/kg respectively by gastrogavage. Salvianolate was dissolved in 2 mL 5% glucose solution and administered by peritoneal injection. Rats in the CSG were peritoneally injected with high dose Salvianolate solution and administered with Captopril solution by gastrogavage. Two mL normal saline was peritoneally injected to rats in the model group, once per day for 8 successive weeks. Eight weeks later, the cardiac function and myocardial hypertrophy indices were detected by biological signal collecting and processing system. mRNA expression levels of alpha-MHC and beta-MHC in cardiac muscle were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Expressions of protein kinase C (PKC) in cardiac muscle were detected by Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, heart mass index (HMI) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) obviously increased in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, HMI and LVMI decreased in HSG, CAG, and CSG groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). It was more obviously lowered in the CSG group than in the CAG group (P < 0.05). Compared with the NCG, the mRNA expression level of alpha-MHC in cardiac muscle decreased, the mRNA expression level of p-MHC and the expression of PKC in cardiac muscle increased in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the mRNA expression level of alpha-MHC in cardiac muscle was increased, and the mRNA expression level of beta-MHC and the expression of PKC in cardiac muscle were decreased in HSG, CAG, and CSG groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There was statistical difference between the CSG group and the CAG group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSalvianolate could up-regulate the mRNA expression level of alpha-MHC, and down-regulate the mRNA expression level of beta-MHC in cardiac muscle. Its mechanism might be related to decreasing the expression of PKC.

Animals ; Captopril ; Doxorubicin ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Heart Failure ; metabolism ; Male ; Myocardium ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Myosin Heavy Chains ; metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To explore the changes of high-sensitivity C reactive protein(hs-CRP) and platelet parameter levels in newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE)and its clinical significance.Methods Thirty-five infants with HIE and 16 healthy newborns were selected as study cases and controls respectively by automantc biochemistry analyzer.Serum hs-CRP content was measured by reaction rate method;Platelet parameter levels were detected by collecting blood samples from peripheral vascular of heel,and the activity of creatine kinase(CK),creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme(CK-MB),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),alpha-hydroxybntyric dehydrogenase(?-HBDH),alanine transaminase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST) were assayed as well.Results 1.The hs-CRP levels in newborns with HIE increased obviously in acute stage,and significant difference were observed compared with controls(P0.05).2.PLT in newborns with HIE decreased significantly in acute stage compared with that of controls(P0.05).3.The values of CK,CK-MB,LDH,?-HBDH,AST,ALT in newborns with HIE were significantly higher than those in controls in acute stage(P

Objective To study the immunologic and pathologic features of an accelerated rejection model of renal allotransplantation in presensitized monkeys.Methods The accelerated rejection model of renal allotransplantation was established in presensitized monkeys,which received donor skin transplantation in advance(n=3).The changes of donor specific antibody(DSA)levels in the recipient monkeys before/after skin and kidney transplantation were measured.The kidney grafts were examined for routine pathology,antibody and complement depositions,various lymphocyte subsets infiltration by HE staining,immunofluorescence,or immunohistochemistry.Results All renal allografts in 3 presensitized monkeys developed accelerated rejection within 4 days.In 2 presentized monkeys,the levels of DSA and their mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity(CDC)were significantly increased after skin transplantation,and further markedly elevated at the time of kidney graft rejection.In the rejected renal grafts,massive C3,C4,C5b-9 and IgG deposits with few lymphocytes infiltration were found.Typical pathologic changes included severe arterionecrosis,thrombosis,interstitial hemorrhage,and infiltration of neutrophils.In the rest one presentized monkey,the levels of DSA and CDC were only marginally increased,and the pathological changes of the rejected renal graft were characterized mainly by the injury of renal tubules.Conclusion Presensitization by donor skin transplantation could elevate the levels of DSA and CDC in recipient monkeys,which resulted in severe antibody-mediated acute humoral rejection in most of the following renal transplants.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical characteristics of pathological fracture in extremities caused by bone tumors or tumor-like lesions. MethodsFrom August 2002 to December 2010, 139 patients with pathological fractures were entered in the study, including 79 males and 60 females with an average age of 31.1 years. Fractures included tumor-like lesion in 55 cases, benign tumor in 13, giant cell tumor (GCT)in 7, primary malignant tumors in 28, and metastatic tumors in 36. Forces induced to fractures were classified into four grades: spontaneous fracture, functional activity, minor injury, severe injury. Age, fracture location, histological results, fractures forces, prodromes, and misdiagnosis were all observed. Chi-square test were use to compare forces and prodromes within different tumors. ResultsThe highest morbidity rate is 32.4％(45/139) which lies in 11-20 years old. The cites of fractures including femurs in 71 cases, humerus in 36, tibia in 15, fingers in 7, radiuses in 4, fibula in 3, ulnas in 2, and metatarsus in 1. Fracture forces include spontaneous fractures in 29 cases, functional activity in 42, minor injuries in 65, and traumatic injuries in 3. Sixty-seven patients(48.2％) had local prodromes. The prodromes of both malignant tumors and metastatic tumors were more than benign tumors. Twenty cases experienced misdiagnosis with average delay time of 12 weeks. ConclusionMinor injury forces and local prodromes are clinical key features of pathological fractures. Both of them are key points of avoiding misdiagnosis.

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of low dose multi-detector computed tomography urography (CTU) in patients with urinary tract diseases.Methods:Sixty patients who were treated with CTU from January 2015 to December 2016 were included in this study.All patients were divided into three groups according to the random number method.Group Ⅰ (160 mA tube current),group Ⅱ (120 mA tube current) and group Ⅲ (80 mA tube current),the selected patients were taken to the corresponding tube current CTU.The diagnostic efficacy of three groups of uropathy was analyzed,and the three groups of CTU imaging results,iodine contrast agent dosage and radiation dose of the situation were compared.Results:The dose of iodine contrast agent and the effective dose of radiation in group Ⅲ were lower than those in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ,and the dose of radiation and dose of iodine contrast agent in group Ⅱ were lower than those in group Ⅰ (P＜0.05).The difference of CTU imaging scores between the three groups was not statistically significant.Conclusions:The diagnostic value of low-dose (80 mA tube current) CTU in urinary tract diseases is similar to the high-dose CTU,with the iodinated contrast agent dosage and effective dose of radiation reduced significantly,which is worth of clinical promotion.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine whether modified shock index (MSI) is associated with mortality that is superior to heart rate, blood pressure, or the shock index (SI) in emergency patients.METHODS: A retrospective database review was performed on 22161 patients who presented to Peking Union Medical College Hospital Emergency Department and received intravenous fluids from January 1 to December 31, 2009. We gathered data of the patients on age, gender, vital signs, levels of consciousness, presenting complaints, and SI and MSI were calculated for all patients.RESULTS: Multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine the correlation between risk factors and outcome. There is a significant correlation between emergency patient mortality rate and patient's vital signs obtained at the triage desk (HR>120 beats/min, systolic BP<90 mmHg, diastolic BP<60 mmHg). MSI is a stronger predictor of emergency patient mortality compared to heart rate and blood pressure alone, whereas SI does not have a significant correlation with emergency patient mortality rate.CONCLUSION: MSI is a clinically significant predictor of mortality in emergency patients. It may be better than using heart rate and blood pressure alone. SI is not significantly correlated with the mortality rate of the emergency patient.

OBJECTIVETo study the mechanism of Fuzheng Huayu (FZHY) recipe against pulmonary fibrosis relating to MMP-2 activity and type IV collagen expression at lung tissue.

METHODThe pulmonary fibrosis model was induced by intratracheal instillation with bleomycin once in rats. The models were divided into 3 groups: model control, FZHY recipe treated, and methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) treated group, each group was of 14 model rats. Normal control group with 10 rats was intoxicated with the same amount of saline. From the second day of intoxication, FZHY recipe treated group orally took FZHY recipe at the dosage of 4.6 g x kg(-1) rat wt, methylprednisolone treated group received intraperitoneal injection with 15 mg x kg(-1) rat wt of methylprednisolone, while model and normal controls took the same volume of saline, 1 time each day and lasting for 4 weeks. Lung and body weights were weighed and the lung/body ratio was calculated. Collagens deposition was check with Masson stain, and lung hydroxyproline (Hyp) content was assayed with Jamall's method. Protein expressions of MMP-2/9 and type IV collagen at lung tissue were analyzed with Western blot and of MMP-2/9 activities by gelatin zymography.

RESULTCompared to normal rats, the model control rats had a high lung/body ratio, remarkable collagen deposition, increased Hyp content and the expressions of type IV collagen, MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein at lung tissue, increased MMP-2 activity, in particular active MMP-2 activity, but decreased MMP-9 activity. Compared to model control, FZHY recipe and methylprednisolone obviously attenuated pulmonary collagen deposition, decreased lung/body ratio and Hyp content, downregulated MMP-2 protein expression and activity, in particular active MMP-2 activity, and FZHU recipe had some better actions than methylprednisolone on lung/body ratio, type IV collagen expression and active MMP-2 activity. But both drug groups had no influence on MMP-9 protein expression and activity.

CONCLUSIONFZHY recipe has a good action against experimental pulmonary fibrosis and its mechanisms are associated with the inhibition of MMP-2 protein and activity, and with the inhibition of over expression of type IV collagen at lung tissue.

Animals ; Bleomycin ; Collagen Type IV ; metabolism ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Hydroxyproline ; metabolism ; Lung ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of the expression of the PPAR-gamma gene on the proliferation and glycolysis metabolism of prostate cancer cells.

METHODSUsing RNAi, we constructed lowly--expressed shRNA-PPARgamma adenoviruses and transfected them to PC3 prostate cancer cells, with blank vectors as controls. Then we detected the proliferation and apoptosis of the cells, glycolysis metabolism related genes and lactate accumulation by CCK-8 kit, and compared the results between the two groups.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the PPAR-gamma gene expression was obviously inhibited by RNAi in the PC3 cells, and its protein expression was reduced to (26.00 +/- 4.06)%. The proliferation inhibition rate was (39.5 +/- 4.92)% on the 2nd day, and the apoptosis rate was as high as (21.03 +/- 3.08)%. The glycolysis metabolism related gene products (Myc and Glut-1) were significantly decreased, and the lactate concentration was reduced to 69.71% of that of the controls on the 4th day. There were statistically significant differences in the above findings as compared with the control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONPPAR-gamma gene knockdown is expected to be a new way to treat prostate cancer.

Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Genetic Vectors ; Glucose Transporter Type 1 ; metabolism ; Glycolysis ; Humans ; Male ; PPAR gamma ; genetics ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ; metabolism ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo observe and compare the effects of 17beta-estradiol (EST) on the phasic and tonic contractile activities of the uterine smooth muscles of SD rats in vitro.

METHODSDifferent concentrations of 17beta-estradiol were added into the perfusion muscular sockets containing uterine smooth muscles of SD rats, and the activities of muscle contraction were recorded at the same time.

RESULTS17beta-estradiol had obvious depression effects on spontaneous rhythmic contraction of the uterine smooth muscles in a concentration-dependent manner, it could considerably decrease muscular tension, the mean amplitudes and frequencies of contractile waves (P < 0.01); it could also suppress the uterine contraction stimulated by KCl, CaCl2 or prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha). Based on the contraction of uterine smooth muscle stimulated by KCl, IC50 was 7.278 micromol/L and pD2 was -0.862 when calculated by linear regression method. 17beta-estradiol could also inhibit the maximal CaC12 contraction of uterine smooth muscle in the Ca2+ free Krebs solution, which the ECQ was 1.422 x 10(-3) mol/L, pD2 was 2.847 (control), but the E50 was 3.028 x 10(-3) mol/L, p2 was 2.519 (added with EST) when calculated by linear regression method.

CONCLUSIONThe depression effects of 17beta-estradiol on the spontaneous rhythmic contraction and activated contraction of the uterine smooth muscles of SD rats could be mediated through the blockage of C2+ influx through potential-dependent Ca2+ channels of plasma membrane.

Animals ; Estradiol ; pharmacology ; Female ; Muscle, Smooth ; drug effects ; Myometrium ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Uterine Contraction ; drug effects