Team-oriented scientific project competition-based ideas and measures in teaching of Medical Information Analysis course were studied by introducing non-medical cases into discussion and analysis , simulating brain storm conference , and supplementing team competition .

OBJECTIVETo study the change in ultrastructure of C6 glioma cells after photodynamic therapy (PDT), to compare morphological differences in necrosis and apoptosis before and after PDT treatment, and to evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy on the blood brain tumor barrier (BTB) of C6 glioma.

METHODSThe model was produced by transplanting C6 glioma cells cultured in vitro using Peterson method into the caudate nuclei of Wister rats. The experiment group received PDT for two weeks after the operation. The sub-cellular structure, blood-brain-barrier (BBB) and BTB in both groups were observed under electron microscope.

RESULTSApoptosis in different phases and necrosis could be observed in some C6 glioma cells. Swelling occurred on the ultrastructure of cellular organs such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in most of the cells. Damage to the BTB, reduction of the number of cellular organs in endothelial cells of the capillary blood vessels, stretch of the tight junction, and enlargement of the gaps between endothelial cells were also seen in the experiment group. Meanwhile, limited impact on the normal sub-cellular structures and BBB was observed.

CONCLUSIONPDT could induce apoptosis and necrosis of C6 glioma cells due to the damage to the ultrastructure of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. The weakened function of C6 glioma BTB initiated by PDT makes it possible to perform a combined therapy of PDT and chemotherapy for glioma.

Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; ultrastructure ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Glioma ; drug therapy ; ultrastructure ; Photochemotherapy ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether murine soluble Fas gene transfected marrow graft could block the immune escape of leukemia cells, so as to eliminate the residual leukemia cells and reduce relapse after bone marrow transplantation (BMT).

METHODSThe murine leukemia/lymphoma models were established by inoculating female C57BL/6 mice (H-2b) with 10(5) EL4 cells/mouse through caudal vein. Donors of BM grafts were C57BL/6 male mice. Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) were transfected with sFas or EGFP by adenovirus (adsFas or adEGFP) 24 hours before BMT (group D or E). The following three groups were set simultaneously: group A, no BMMCs transplanted; group B, BMMCs transplanted with no adenoviruses transfection; group C, EL4 cells transfusion only. Hematopoietic reconstitution, generation of leukemia/lymphoma and the survival rate were observed in all the groups after BMT.

RESULTSThe spleen indices examined 11 days after BMT were not obviously different among group B, D and E (P > 0.05), but in group A were significantly lower than those in the groups B, D, E (P < 0.01). The leukocyte and platelet counts on day 30 after BMT were recovered in group B and D, but were very low in group C and E. The Y-chromosomes appeared 2 months after BMT. Bone marrow pictures in group B and D were almost normal, but in group C and E had plenty of lymphoblast-like tumor cells. Tumors were obviously revealed in the mice of group C and E by histopathology examination, but did not in group B and D. The survival rate was 0 in group A, 100% in group B and D, 12.5% in group C and 6.25% in group E. Compared with that in group E, the survival was significantly increased in the sFas group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSGraft transfected with sFas gene prolonged the post-BMT survival of leukemia/lymphoma mice. The transfection of sFas might block the effect of the immune escape of EL4 cells through FasL.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; immunology ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Leukemia, Experimental ; immunology ; therapy ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Transduction, Genetic ; Transfection ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Tumor Escape ; fas Receptor ; genetics

Objective To understand the status on care and nutrition of children living in the rural areas (so called 'left-behind' children) while their parents were seeking for jobs in the urban areas. Methods Cross-sectional study was employed in this investigation.The group of‘left-behind' children (n=774) and the comparison group (n=774) were identified.The ascertainment methods mainly included questionnaire,anthropometries measurements,food-frequency,and laboratory examination.Results be poorly attended (X2=6.671,P=0.036;X2=15.053,P=0.001 ).Mothers who chose to work outside of their households would tend to choose bottle-feeding or decrease the duration of breastfeeding for their infants (X2=5.051,P=0.031;t=-7.201,P=0.001).The intake of milk and bean products in children were obviously lower than that seen in the control group (t=-2.150,P=0.032 ;t=-2.054,significant difference when comparing with the control group (X2=4.560,P=0.033 ).Conclusion communities,parents and extended families would facilitate more attention and effective intervention programs to improve the situation.

king condition before pregnancy were associated with the development of polydactyly and syndactyly.

BACKGROUNDTo investigate the correlation of clinical features with pathology in chronic viral hepatitis (CH).

METHODSAnalyses of single factor and multiple factors of serum biochemical indices, imaging examination results, symptoms and signs with degree of pathological lesion of hepatic tissue in 973 cases of CH were conducted. Meanwhile, the hepatic functional index (AAPEA index) was used to investigate the role of serum biochemical indices in diagnosis of CH.

RESULTSIn these patients with CH,the severity of hepatic lesion was closely correlated to symptoms and signs, biochemical indices such as PTA, ALT, TBIL, ALB, A/G, gamma-globulin (gamma-G) by electrophoresis, AST and cholinesterase (CHE) as well as splenic thickness. AST was superior to ALT in reflecting degree of hepatic inflammatory activity. The total mistaken judgment rate of multiple factor analysis was 28.1%. The correlation coefficient of AAPEA index to degrees of hepatic inflammatory activity, fibrosis and pathological grading was 0.559, 0.545 and 0.529, respectively (P<0.000 1)

CONCLUSIONSThe biochemical indices such as PTA, ALT, TBIL, ALB, A/G, gammaG, AST, CHE and the determination of splenic thickness by ultrasonography B could reflect hepatic pathological changes to certain extent. AST was superior to ALT in reflecting degree of hepatic inflammatory activity. Incorrect judgment rate was high in determination of moderate and severe CH by multiple factor analysis. Conformity rate between AAPEA index and pathological diagnosis was better than any of them alone in diagnosing CH.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; blood ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Function Tests ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spleen ; diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUNDTo investigate if bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) transducted with murine soluble Fas gene (sFas) using adenovirus vector could block the immune escape of leukemia cells eliminate the residual leukemia cells and reduce their relapse.

METHODSThe recombinant adenovirus vector with murine sFas, adsFas, and the control vector adEGFP were constructed using homologous recombination between two plasmids in Escherichia coli. BMT was carried out after the BMMCs were infected with Adenoviruses. The mice models of leukemia/lymphoma were constructed by inoculating female C57BL/6 mice (H-2b) with 10(5) EL4 cells/mouse through caudal vein. Donors of bone marrow grafts were syngeneic male mice. BMMCs were infected with AdsFas or AdEGFP 24 hours before (Group D or E). The following three groups were simultaneously used: Group A, no BMMCs transplanted; Group B, transplanted with BMMCs not infected with adenoviruses; Group C, only transfusing EL4 cells, neither irradiation nor BMT. The hematopoietic reconstitution, generation of leukemia/lymphoma and the survival rate were observed in all groups after BMT.

RESULTSThe adenovirus vectors were successfully constructed. The titre of virus after purification was up to 2.5 x 10(11) pfu/ml. Spleen indices examined 11 days after BMT were not obviously different among Group B, D and E (P > 0.05), but indices in Group A were significantly lower than those in the latter three groups (P < 0.01). Counts of leukocytes and platelets on +30 day showed mice were reconstituted satisfactorily in Group B and D, but very low in Group C and E. The Y-chromosomes existed 2 months after BMT and examination of bone marrow cytology showed that Group B and D were almost normal, but Group C and E had plenty of lymphoblast-like tumor cells. Tumors were obviously observed in the mice of Group C and E by histopathological examination, but the mice in Group B and D were normal. The survival rates were 0 (0/4) in Group A, 100% in Group B (6/6) and D (16/16), 12.5% (2/16) in Group C and 6.25% (1/16) in Group E respectively. It is demonstrated that, in contrast with the control (Group EGFP), survival rate was significantly increased in the sFas Group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe transfer of sFas gene by adenovirus changed the prognosis state of leukemia/lymphoma mice after auto-BMT. The transduction of sFas might block the effect of the immune escape of EL4 cells through FasL. These results could thus provide a new direction to find a way to treat the leukemia and its recurrence after BMT.

Adenoviridae ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Fas Ligand Protein ; Female ; Genetic Vectors ; Leukemia, Experimental ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Recombination, Genetic ; Transduction, Genetic ; Transfection ; Tumor Escape ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents from the roots of Craibiodendron henryi.

METHODVarious chromatographic techniques were used to isolate and purify the constituents. The structures were elucidated by chemical evidence and spectral methods.

RESULTTwelve compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the 95% ethanolic extract and their struc- tures were elucidated as quercetin (1), quercetin-3-O-rhamnicoside (2), quercetin-3-O-arabinofuranoside (3), (-)-epicatechin (4), proanthocyanidin A-2 (5), procyanidin B-2 (6), (-)-isolariciresinol-2a-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (7), lyoniside (8), sitoster-yl-3beta-glucoside-6'-O-palmitate (9), beta-sitosterol (10), daucosterol (11) and octacosanoic acid (12).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-12 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Biflavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Catechin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Ericaceae ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Proanthocyanidins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Quercetin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Cynanchum forrestii.

METHODChromatographic techniques were applied to isolated chemical constituents. The structures were identified on the basis of physico-chemical constants and spectroscopic data.

RESULTEight compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of the roots of C. forrestii and elucidated as ( + ) -5'-methoxyisolariciresinol 3a-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), hexahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one (2), tylophorinidine (3), sucrose (4), palmitic acid (5), beta-sitosterol (6), daucosterol (7), nonanedioic acid (8).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-3 from this genus, and compounds 4-8 from the plant were obtained for the first time.

Alkaloids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Cholestenones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Cynanchum ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Isoquinolines ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Palmitic Acid ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

BACKGROUNDAcute kidney injury (AKI) has been recognized as a major healthcare problem affecting millions of patients worldwide. However, epidemiologic data concerning AKI in China are still lacking. The objectives of this study were to characterize AKI defined by RIFLE criteria, assess the association with hospital mortality, and evaluate the impact of AKI in the context of other risk factors.

METHODSThis prospective multicenter observational study enrolled 3,063 consecutive patients from 1 July 2009 to 31 August 2009 in 22 ICUs across mainland China. We excluded patients who were admitted for less than 24 hours (n = 1623), younger than 18 years (n = 127), receiving chronic hemodialysis (n = 29), receiving renal transplantation (n = 1) and unknown reasons (n = 28). There were 1255 patients in the final analysis. AKI was diagnosed and classified according to RIFLE criteria.

RESULTSThere were 396 patients (31.6%) who had AKI, with RIFLE maximum class R, I, and F in 126 (10.0%), 91 (7.3%), and 179 (14.3%) patients, respectively. Renal function deteriorated in 206 patients (16.4%). In comparison with non AKI patients, patients in the risk class on ICU admission were more likely to progress to the injury class (odds ratio (OR) 3.564, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.706 - 7.443, P = 0.001], while patients in the risk class (OR 5.215, 95% CI 2.798-9.719, P < 0.001) and injury class (OR 13.316, 95% CI 7.507-23.622, P < 0.001) had a significantly higher probability of deteriorating into failure class. The adjusted hazard ratios for 90-day mortality were 1.884 for the risk group, 3.401 for the injury group, and 5.306 for the failure group.

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of AKI was high among critically ill patients in Chinese ICUs. In comparison with non-AKI patients, patients with RIFLE class R or class I on ICU admission were more susceptibility to progression to class I or class F. The RIFLE criteria were robust and correlated well with clinical deterioration and mortality.

Acute Kidney Injury ; epidemiology ; etiology ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors