OBJECTIVE To find out about the situation of lower respiratory tract nosocomial infection in old patients . METHODS To investigate 237 cases with nosocomial infection of lower respiratory tract who were over 60 years old in our hospital. RESULTS People who were over 60 accounted for 85.25% among the cases with the nosocomial infection of lower respiratory tract, their death rate was 25.74%; in the results of pathogen culturing , Gram-negative bacilli occupied the main position which accounted for 57.81%. Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounted for 35.93% and fungi accounted for 21.88%, they were the two kinds of common pathogens. CONCLUSIONS The serious underlying diseases in old patients, their long hospital stays and weak immune function , large number of invasive diagnostic procedures and traumatic operation, and unreasonal use of antibiotics have made great distribution to nosocomial infection and influence to prognosis, it is necessary to take corresponding measures to settle them.

Quorum sensing systems of pathogens are central regulators for the expression of virulence factors. Increasing evidence implies that targeting the quorum sensing system of many pathogenic bacteria is a promising therapeutic approach to control infections. In this work,we isolated 47 strains of actinomycetes from the mud sample of Jiaozhou Bay. Quorum sensing inhibitory activity was monitored by Chromobacterium violaceum CV026. As a result,the culture broth extract of actinomycetes WA-7 was found to have significant quorum sensing inhibitory activity. This strain was assigned to the genus Streptomyces based on its 16S rDNA sequence. Further investigation revealed that the extract could inhibit the quorum sensing-controlled violacein and proteases production of C. violaceum in a concentration-dependent manner.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the risk factors and prevent meaures of ophthalmic infection after operation. METHODS The factors associated with ophthalmic infection after operation were analyzed. The comprehensive and strict system of washing and sterilization of operative instruments were established. The usage of aseptic implantable articles was strictly managed. The management of operation environment,faculty,patients,and aseptic technique were further strengthened. The samples of the faculty were cultivated routinely and the fulfillment of institution was assured. RESULTS The procedure of peri-operation infection control was bettered. The awareness of infection prevention during ophthalmic operations was improved for the nurse faculty. A safe operation procedure was ascertained. The risk of ophthalmic operation infection was decreased. CONCLUSIONS Scientific and consummate management of ophthalmic operation and its proper fulfillment are key factors to prevent ophthalmic operation infection.

Objective To investigate the effects of lipid microspheres prostaglandin E1(Lipo PGE1) on subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH).Methods Ninty-three patients with SAH were randomly divided into control group(treated with nomal drugs) and Lipo PGE1 treatment group(treated with nomal drugs and Lipo PGE1).Changes in neuroimaging,biochemical indexes and incidence of cerebral vasospasm were measured. Results A lower incidence rate of cerebral vasospasm was observed in Lipo PGE1 treatment group(P0.05).The levels of vWF and GMP-140 were significant lower in the Lipo PGE1 treatment group than those in the control group after treatment for 3 and 7 d(P

Objective To investigate the changes of somatosensory evoked potential(SEP)in subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)and in-fluence from lipid microspheres prostaglandin E1(Lipo PGE1). Methods Ninty-three patients with SAH were randomly divided into control group(treated with nomal drugs) and Lipo PGE1 treatment group(treated with nomal drugs and Lipo PGE1).Clinical outcomes and changes of SEP before and after the treatment were observed. Results After the treatment,the latency of N20 wave was prolonged in both groups(P

ObjectiveTo study CT features of acute intracranial trauma and changes of hematoma in acute stage. MethodsCT findings of acute intracranial trauma of 152 cases were analyzed. ResultsIn 100 cases with intracranial hematoma, the hematoma enlarged obviously within 5-72 h after trauma in 25 cases; the hematoma enlarged markedly within 72 h-7d after trauma in 3 cases. In 76 cases of cerebral contusion, counter point trauma was found in 17 cases. In 61 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage, high density in cerebral sulcus was shown in 49 cases. Skull fracture was found in 75 cases. Conclusions Intracranial hematoma may enlarge gradually within 7d after trauma. Cerebral contusion was partially due to counter point trauma. Hemorrhage in cerebral sulcus was demonstrated on CT as increased density in the cerebral sulcus, which is the most important sign of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Hemorrhage in interhemispheric fissure was demonstrated on CT as centipede-line increased density, which is an important sign for differentiating from subdural hematoma. Skull fracture was closely related with lntracranial trauma, which was complicated with adjacent extradural hematoma frequently.

Objective To evaluate the effects of a health education project on endemic fluorosis in Shandong Province,and to provide a basis for formulating control strategies.Methods From December 2010 to June 2011,according to historical conditions,a total of 19 counties (cities,districts) of Shandong Province were chosen,and 3 townships (towns) were chosen in each project county.Health educational activities on endemic fluorosis were carried out in the Central Primary School in grade 4 to 6 in each township(town).In each project township(town),3 villages were chosen in each selected township(town) where the health educational activities in the community were carried out.Before and after the health educational activities,surveys on knowledge questionnaire on drinking-water-borne fluorosis control were conducted among 30 students of grade 5 in the Central Primary School and 15 housewives in every school location in each selected township(town).Results After the health educational activities,the knowledge awareness rates of endemic fluorosis control of the students and housewives were 96.53％ (5482/5679) and 94.88％ (3501/3690),respectively,and increased significantly compared with those before intervention [62.31％ (5154/8271) and 76.91％ (2815/3660)],and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =2176.50,490.58,all P ＜ 0.01).Among the primary school students and housewives,the knowledge awareness rates of endemic fluorosis control were increased by 34.22％ and 17.97％,respectively.Conclusions Health education activities on endemic fluorosis can significantly improve the knowledge awareness of target population,which will play a positive role in promoting prevention and control of endemic fluorosis.

Objective To assess the effectiveness of prevention program on iodine deficiency disorders and iodine nutritional status of residents in Guangdong Province.Methods Probability proportionate to size sampling(PPS) was employed in surveillance of iodine deficiency disorders.Thirty counties(cities,districts) were selected in Guangdong Province.In each county(city,district) one township(street) was selected; in each township (street) one primary school was selected and in each primary school 40 children aged 8-10 were chosen to examine their thyroid and to collect salt samples at their home for determination of salt iodine.Out of the 40 children,12 children were chosen to collect urine samples for determination of urinary iodine.From the primary schools chosen,40 grade 5 students were selected for intelligence quotient(IQ) test.In the nearby of the primary schools,3 townships(towns,street) were selected and in each township(town,street) 5 pregnant and 5 lactating women were selected to collect their urine samples for determination of urinary iodine.Type-B ultrasonic was used in measuring the thyroid volume.The iodine content of urine samples was measured by the method of arsenic and cerium catalysis spectrophotometry.The iodine content of salt was determined quantitatively with the titration method.IQ was tested by Chinese combined Raven's test.According to geographical location and the implementation of iodized salt,the effects of iodized salt on iodine deficiency disorders were analyzed in the plains and the Pearl River Delta Coastal region with mild iodine deficiency(iodized salt implementation region,referred to as the plains and the PRD),historical iodine deficiency areas (iodized implementation region) and the eastern and the western coastal areas of Guangdong(areas with non-iodized salt problem,referred to as the eastern and the western Guangdong).Results A total of 1200 children aged 8 to 10 were examined by type-B ultrasonic test,and goiter rate was 3.5％ (42/1200).The differences of goiter rate between the plains and the PRD,the historical iodine deficiency areas and the eastern and the western Guangdong were statistically significant (x2 =6.6,P ＜ 0.05).The goiter rate (6.1％) in the eastern and the western Guangdong was significantly higher than that of the plains and the PRD and the historical iodine deficiency areas (3.3％,2.0％,x2 =5.6,7.1,all P ＜ 0.05).A total of 1200 salt samples were examined.The median and coefficient of variation of iodine in the salt were 31.0 mg/kg and 23.2％,respectively.Coverage of iodized salt was 97.5％(1170/1200) while 96.1％(1153/1200) of consumed iodized salt was qualified.The median urinary iodine of 1200 children aged 8-10 was 186.5 μg/L,and the differences of median urinary iodine between the plains and the PRD,the historical iodine deficiency areas and the eastern and the western Guangdong were statistically significant(x2 =5.9,P ＜ 0.05).The median urinary iodine of the eastern and the western Guangdong(162.4 μg/L) was significantly lower than that of the plains and the PRD(207.5 μg/L,x2 =8.7,P ＜ 0.01).The difference of median urinary iodine between the plains and the PRD,the historical iodine deficiency areas and the eastern and the western Guangdong was statistically significant(x2 =58.9,P＜ 0.01).The median urinary iodine of the eastern and the western Guangdong(109.6 μg/L) was significantly lower than that of the historical iodine deficiency areas and the plains and the PRD(152.9,155.2 μg/L,x2 =18.3,20.6,all P ＜ 0.05).The mean IQ of the 1208 grade 5 students was 102.8 ± 14.3.The IQ of the plains and the PRD(104.3 ± 13.9) and the historical iodine deficiency areas(102.7 ± 14.3) was significantly higher than that of the eastern and the western Guangdong(100.3 ± 14.7,t =3.8,2.1,P＜ 0.01 orP＜ 0.05).Conclusions The goal of iodine deficiency disorders elimination is achieved as scheduled in Guangdong Province.The health level of general population has been improved significantly.Iodine nutrition is in the appropriate range (100-199 μg/L) in general population but low in pregnant women.The selling of non-iodized salt in the eastern and the western Guangdong Province should be followed closely.

Adolescent ; Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Prognosis

Objective To investigate the effects of Th17 cells and Treg cells on immune evasion in patients with hepatic hydatid disease. Methods From August 2008 to September 2009, 54 patients with hepatic hydatid disease who were treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University and 20 healthy people (control group) were enrolled in this study. Of the 54 patients, 21 had liver cystic enchinococcosis (CE)(CE group), 15 had recurrent cystic echinococcosis (RCE) (RCE group) and 18 had liver alveolar echinococcosis(AE) (AE group). The serum concentrations of interleukin-17 (IL-17), IL-23, transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) and IL-10 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All data were analysed by one-way analysis of variance, LSD-t test and Pearson correlation analysis. Results Serum IL-17 levels were significantlylower in the AE group [(11±3)ng/L], CE group [(13±4) ng/L] and RCE group [(13 ±5) ng/L]compared with those in the control group [(16±5) ng/L] ( F = 6.53, P ＜ 0.05 ). There was no significant difference in serum IL-17 levels between the CE and RCE groups (t =0.22, P ＞0.05). Serum levels of IL-23were also lower in the AE group [(72±27) ng/L], CE group [( 106±53) ng/L] and RCE group [( 107±48 ) ng/L] compared with those in the control group [( 139±50) ngg/L] ( F = 6.74, P ＜ 0.05 ), while there was no significant difference between the CE and RCE groups (t =0.02, P＞0.05). The serum levels of IL-10 were significantly higher in the AE group [(5.5±2.2) ng/L], CE group [(4.3±2.0) ng/L] and RCE group [(4.2 ± 1.4) ng/L] compared with those in the control group [(3.1 ± 0.8 ) ng/L] ( F = 9.78, P ＜ 0.05 ),with no significant differences between the CE and RCE groups ( t = 0.14, P ＞ 0.05 ). TGF-β1 levels were significantly higher in the AE group [(38±7) μg/L], CE group [(37±7) μg/L] and RCE group [(33±9) μg/L]compared with those in the control group [( 26±7) μg,/L] ( F = 6.73, P＜ 0.05 ), with no significant difference among the AE, CE and RCE groups ( t = 0.56, 1.81, P ＞ 0.05 ). The Th17/Treg (IL-17/IL-10) ratio was significantly decreased in the AE group ( 2.1 ± 0.7 ), CE group ( 3.6 ± 1.5 ) and RCE group ( 3.4 ± 1.9)compared with that in the control group (5.7 ± 2.6) ( F = 13.76, P ＜ 0.05 ), while no significant difference was found between the CE and RCE groups (t = 0.23, P ＞ 0.05). The serum concentrations of IL-17 were negatively correlated with TGF-β1 ( r = - 0.23, P ＜ 0.05 ) and positively correlated with IL-23 ( r = 0.70, P ＜ 0.05 ).Serum concentrations of IL-10 were positively correlated with TGF-β1 ( r = 0.46, P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion The overwhelming expression of Treg related cytokines disrupts the Th17/Treg balance in patients with AE or CE,which may have a potential role in immune evasion in the progress of hydatid disease.