Infectious endophthalmitis refers to the acute suppurative inflammation of the uveal and retinal, with acute onset, severe symptoms, and poor prognosis.Early diagnosis and effective treatment is particularly important.Based on the way of intraocular infection, endophthalmitis can be divided into endogenous endophthalmitis and exogenous endophthalmitis.In the East Asian, liver abscess is the main source of endogenous endophthalmitis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae is the main pathogen.Liver abscess endophthalmitis is a serious cause of blindness caused by intraocular infection.A liver infection disseminated through hematogenous and the primary focus was hidden, which makes the disease was easy to be confused with immune related uveitis, causing high misdiagnosis rate, delaying the best time for diagnosis and treatment.In this article we reviewed the etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment and prognosis of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by liver abscess.Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion to the endogenous endophthalmitis caused by liver abscess.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficiency and safety of sodium valproate by testing the compliance of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in epileptic children so as to provide a reference for rational and individual treatment. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of clinical data of children with epilepsy was performed. The patients were treated with sodium valproate or combined with other AEDs. RESULTS: A total 1 507 children were included in the study. It was found that the 49.44% of children had taken TDM only once and the children who had TDM for over 4 times merely took up 5.24%. The first time performed TDM data within therapeutic window only took up 51.63%, and 3. 58% exceeding the window as well. There were statistical difference between age, daily dosage, valproate plasma concentration and control rate among different times in TDM (P<0.001). And difference was also statistical significance between valproate plasma concentration in age groups. Comparing sodium valproate monotherapy to sodium valproate combined with other AEDs, daily dosage (P<0.001), the valproate serum concentration (P=0.001) and the rate within therapeutic window (P=0.004) were all in statistical difference. However, there was no difference in abnormal liver function rate among TDM times. CONCLUSION: Since the great difference among individuals, it need to take individual therapy based on the results of TDM and to reduce the adverse reaction so as to improve the efficiency and rational use of drugs on clinic.

Objective To study the correlation between level of nitric oxide/ nitricoxide synthase(NO/NOS) on placenta homogenate and ultra-structure changes of placenta in pregnancy lead exposure in rats.Methods Seventeen normal pregnant rats and 46 rats of exposured in lead which were divided into A,B,C groups were studied.The level of NO/NOS of placenta were measured by nitrate reductase and NOS kit.Placentas were randomly selected from each group to detect ultra-structure by electron-microscope.Results There were significant difference among A,B and control groups on level of NO/NOS(all P0.05).Compensation hyperplasy or minor injury were observed in lead exposure of stage groups.Lead exposure during whole gestation period,the lead level was maxmum,and decompensation were observed on placental construction.Conclusions There is a close correlations between level of lead,NO/NOS and pathological change of placental tissue,and both of them may play an important role in the pathogenesis of peripartum lead exposure.

【Objective】To investigate whether bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells（BMSC）over-expressing FoxM1genecanattenuatelipopolysaccharide（LPS）-inducedapoptosisofalveolarepithelialcells，andexploreitspossi⁃ blemechanism.【Methods】SDratBMSCwereisolatedandculturedbywholebonemarrowadherencemethod.FoxM1 genewasoverexpressedinBMSCbylentiviraltransfection.TheexpressionofthetargetgeneFoxM1wasverifiedbyWestern blot.ApoptosisofA549cellswasmeasuredbyTUNELandflowcytometry.Andthemulti-factorlevelofsupernatantin BMSC-A549co-culturesystemwasdetectedbyMilliplexmethod.【Results】TUNELandflowcytometryconfirmedthat theapoptosisrateofA549inducedbyLPSdecreasedafterco-culturewithBMSCoverexpressingFoxM1，andthediffer⁃ encewasstatisticallysignificant（P <0.05）.MilliplexassayshowedthatthelevelsofIL-13，IL-21，IL-23，MIP-1a， MIP-1bandinBMSCoverexpressing FoxM1 geneandA549co-culturesystemweresignificantlyincreased，whilethe MIP-3alevelissignificantlyreduced.【Conclusion】BMSCoverexpressingFoxM1genecanattenuateLPS-inducedapop⁃ tosisofalveolarepithelialcells.BMSCmayplayananti-apoptoticrolebychangingthelevelsofinflammation-related cytokinesreleasedbyA549cells.

Some research on intelligent non-invasive temporary pacemakers is introduced in this paper. An industrial computer, some IC chips and other elements are used to construct its hardware, and its software is in C++ language. The experimental device has some intelligent functions of recognizing some arrhythmia. The system has a pacemaker module and an ECG monitor module. Its software includes a main program, a RS-232C communication program, a printer VxD, a pacing control VxD and ECG signal pretreatment and recognizing program and so on. The pacing-generating circuit is employed to make the precision control of pacing current. The communication between industrial-computer system and ECG module is completed through the DLL. The real time processing of ECG signals is based on filter method for a higher recognizing ratio. The system calculates several parameters to recognize certain arrhythmia and uses MIT/BIH database to validate the reliability of ECG recognition.
Algorithms ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Artificial Intelligence ; Echocardiography ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Pacemaker, Artificial ; classification ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; instrumentation ; Software Design

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of lead exposure to rat placenta and pups during different gestation periods.

METHODSAll 108 Wistar rats (72 females, 36 males) were randomly divided into four groups. All rats were orally fed with 0.025% lead acetate during different gestation periods. Blood was obtained from the abdominal vena cava and the lead level in maternal blood was measured by means of atomic absorption spectrometry at the end of the pregnancy. The number of pups, their body weight, body length and tail length were measured. The effects of lead to rat placenta were observed by level of microscopy, optical microscopy and electronic microscopy.

RESULTSExperimental groups the blood lead level at the end of gestation were above 0.483 micromol/L. There were significant differences among, of pups, during different groups (P < 0.01). Among them the drinking lead group of whole distant was the lowest in placenta weight [(0.31 +/- 0.13) g] body weight of pups [(2.08 +/- 0.88) g] length and tail length of pups [(2.37 +/- 0.32) cm, (0.98 +/- 0.09) cm]. There were significantly differences between the experimental groups and controls. Maternal blood lead level was negatively related to placenta weight (r = 0.652, P < 0.01), and had no relation with the body weight of pups (r = -0.107, P = 0.46). In the experimental groups of lead poisoned rats, the placenta showed focus necrosis in the deciduas, and increased the trophoblastic giant cells and light staining cells in the trophospongium. Trophoblast in the labyrinth and trophospongium showed degeneration; fibrin deposition around the villi was increased. Microvilli around the trophoblast were shorter and less, mitochondrion was swollen and decreased in number, rough endoplasmic reticulum was distended and ribosomal number on membrane decreased.

CONCLUSIONLead exposure during different gestation periods should have a traumatic effect on the trophoblast, leading to interference of nutrition and oxygen exchange. Furthermore, the blood supply to the placenta and nutrition and oxygen exchange between mother and pups were also interfered, leading to reduction of placenta weight and retardation of development of pups.

Animals ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Female ; Lead ; toxicity ; Male ; Organ Size ; drug effects ; Placenta ; drug effects ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To explore the mechanism of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (HUC-MSC) alleviating ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) of liver cells through mitochondrial transfer. Methods Normal human liver cell line L02 was divided into the blank control group, oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) group, experimental control group, and L02 and HUC-MSC co-culture group (L02+HUC-MSC group). L02+HUC-MSC group was further divided into 10:1 co-culture subgroup (group A), 4:1 co-culture subgroup (group B), 2:1 co-culture subgroup (group C), 1:1co-culture subgroup (group D) and 1:2 co-culture subgroup (group E) according to different co-culture ratio of L02 and HUC-MSC. The apoptosis rate and relative reactive oxygen species (ROS) level of L02 cells were detected by flow cytometry. The MitoTracker positive rate of L02 cells was detected by flow cytometry. The mitochondrial transfer from HUC-MSC to L02 cells was observed by laser confocal microscope. Results The apoptosis rate and relative ROS level of L02 cells in the OGD group were significantly higher than those in the blank control group (both P < 0.05). Compared with the OGD group, the apoptosis rates of L02 cells in group B, C, D and E were significantly decreased (all P < 0.05), and the relative ROS level of L02 cells in group E was significantly declined (P < 0.05). The MitoTracker positive rate of L02 cells did not significantly differ between group A and experimental control group (P>0.05), whereas the MitoTracker positive rates of L02 cells in group B, C, D and E were significantly higher than that in the experimental control group in a concentration-dependent manner (all P < 0.05). Under the laser confocal microscope, mitochondrial transfer fromHUC-MSC to L02 cells could be observed through tunneling nanotube (TNT). Conclusions HUC-MSC may alleviate cell apoptosis and reduce ROS level of liver cells after IRI via direct mitochondrial transfer between cells.

Objective To establish an HPLC method to determinate the concentrations of lamotrigine , oxcarbazepine and its active metabolite simultaneously in human serum. Methods Phenacetin was used as internal standard, and the plasma was extracted by diethyl ether.The HPLC method was performed on the C18 column. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile -0.05 mol? L-1 biphosphate sodium ( 25∶75, pH 4.5).The flow rate was 1.0 mL? min -1 and the column temperature was kept at 25 ℃.The detecting wavelength was set at 220 nm.The method was inspected in the aspects of specificity, lower limit of quantifi-cation, precision, recovery rate and stability.Results The linear range of lamotrigine, monohydroxycarbazepin and oxcabazepine were from 0.1 to 20.0 μg? mL-1 ( y=20.11 ×10 -2 c +1.31 ×10 -2 , r =0.999 0 ) , 0.5-50.0 μg? mL-1 ( y=9.77 ×10 -2 c+0.35 ×10 -2 , r=0.999 8 ) , 0.25 -25.0 μg? mL-1 ( y =131.69 ×10 -2 c -0.59 ×10 -2 , r=0.999 1) , respectively.The range of extraction recovery ratios were both between 88.65%and 100.38%.The intra and inter-day precision were both less than 15%.Conclusion The method is shown to be sim-ple, accurate and sensitive, which can be applied in the determination of concentration of lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine and its active metabolite in human plasma.

Epilepsy is a serious neurological disease,its pathogenesis is not yet clear,and diagnosis is lack of sensitive and reliable method.It is of great significance to find biomarkers with clinical value.The combination of genomics and metabolomics technology plays an important role in the screening of biomarkers,this article reviews the application of genomics and metabonomics in the study of epilepsy biomarkers,hoping to provide new ideas for screening epilepsy biomarkers.

Objective To investigate the effects of ammonia on liver function in children with epilepsy , and the risk factors of valproic acid ( VPA)-induced hyperammonemia.Methods The total of 236 cases of epileptic children with VPA monotherapy were divided into three groups, hyperammonemia group(HG, 40 cases), abnormal group(AG, 96 cases) and control group(CG, 100 cases).The K-nonparametric test for independent sample method was used to determine the correlation between the ammonia and the liver function of epileptic children.Logistic regression method was used to analyze the risk factors , such as age , gen-der, weight, dosage, concentration of VPA, of VPA induced to hyperam-monemia.Results Among the three groups , the liver function of 25 ca-ses(62.5%), 42 cases(43.8%), 43 cases(43.0%) were beyond the reference range respectively , and there were 5 cases ( 12.5%) , 7 cases (7.3%), 2 cases (2.0%) appeared liver injury respectively.The fre-quencies of epileptic children with liver injury in HG was significantly higher than that in AG and CG ( P<0.05 ).Logistic regression showed that age(small), the daily dose(big),the concentration of VPA (high) were the risk factors of VPA induced hyperammonemia.Conclusion When the epileptic children were treated with VPA mono-therapy , the concentration of ammonia in vivo should be concerned.We could adjust the dose and plasma concentration of VPA to avoid the occurrence of hyperammonemia in well -controlled children.