Objective To survey the knowledge of the Urumqi population in Xinjiang on the awareness and the protection of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation.Methods Three hundred and twentyfour subjects from Urumqi were investigated with a questionnaire about the basic knowledge of UV,the UV protection methods,the awareness and application of sunscreens,and the channels through which they acquired the knowledge.Results A total of 324 subjects completed the questionnaire.Only 78.0％ knew the harmful effects of UV,62.0％ of them knew that UV could lead to skin photo-aging,and 54.9％ knew that UV irradiation could cause skin cancer.Sunscreens were the main choice for UV protection (58.0％).Regarding sunscreens,38.3％ subjects knew the meaning of SPF,and only a small percentage of subjects (17.3％) were aware of the meaning of PA.About 25.3％ of subjects applied sunscreens every day,43.2％ used sunscreens sometimes,and 18.5％ did not use it at all.The main factor of choosing sunscreens was brand popularity and the main information sources to get the knowledge of UV and UV protection were TV advertisements.Conclusions This study shows that the knowledge of UV and UV protection of the Urumqi population is acceptable,but the protections are insufficient,which should be strengthened and guided through dermatologists and multiple media.

OBJECTIVETo explore and compare the clinical effects of three immuno-potentiators and their influence on immune function in preventing and treating recurrent respiratory tract infection (RRI).

METHODSSeventy-two children with RRT were assigned to three groups, the 23 patients in the M group treated with milkvetch extract oral liquid, the 23 in the P group treated by P-transfer factor and the 26 in the U group treated by Utilins injection. Clinical effect was compared among three groups after treatment, and changes of T cell subgroups as well as immune antibodies were detected before and after treatment.

RESULTSThe markedly effective rate in the M, P, and U group was 69.6%, 65.2%, and 73.0% respectively, and the total effective rate 87.0%, 82.6%, and 92.3%, showing an insignificant difference among them (all P>0.05). After treatment, the levels of CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ rose obviously in the three groups (all P<0.05); levels of CD8+ in the M group and the P group lowered significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01), but with no significant difference among three groups in the changes of T cell subgroups (all P>0.05). Serum levels of IgG in all the three groups, IgA in the P group and the M group, and IgM in the M group and the U group rose significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01), with statistical difference presented in comparing of IgA level in the P group with that in the other two groups (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe clinical effects and the outcomes of immunological indexes' changing are similar in RRI patients treated by the three immuno-potentiators. They all can enhance the immunological function of the organism, strengthen the disease-resistant ability of patients, and reduce the incidence of RRI. Among them, the milkvetch extract oral liquid is worthy of spreading due to its lower cost, simple administration, exemption from painful injection, and good compliance.

Administration, Oral ; Astragalus Plant ; chemistry ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; blood ; Infant ; Male ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; blood ; drug therapy ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Retrospective Studies ; Secondary Prevention ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; drug effects ; immunology ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To explore the clinical features,genetic causes and prognosis of intellectual disability with epilepsy(ID-E)in children.Methods The data of unknown causes of ID-E children(n=40)who were identified in Department of Pediatrics,Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from March 2015 to March 2016 were respectively analyzed,and follow-up studies were performed to investigate the epilepsy control and intellectual deve-lopment.Results Forty unexplained ID-E included 25(62.5％)male,and 34(85.0％)cases were severe intellectual disability patients.The onset age of epilepsy was 0.16 to 8.00 years old,median age was 1.5 years old.Twenty cases(50.0％)had slow electroencephalogram background,and 22 cases(55.0％)had focal spikes.Ten cases(25.0％)had abnormal cranial images,with brain dysplasia or atrophy.Follow-up lasted from 0.58 to 1.58 years,and 19 cases(47.5％)had seizure control.Twenty-five cases(62.5％)had used at least 2 anti-epilepsy drugs during follow-up,and 19 cases(47.5％)had drug refractory epilepsy.Improvement of mental or motor development in epilepsy controlled group and the uncontrolled group were 12 cases(63.2％)and 2 cases(9.5％).There were separately 8 cases(8/40 cases,20.0％)and 3 cases(3/16 cases,18.8％)diagnosed respectively by whole genome-wide analysis of copy number variants(CNVs)and gene-panel whose CNVs test findings were negative.Conclusions ID-E patients of unknown causes have the following clinical features:they were mostly found in male patients with severe intellectual disability,and drug refractory epilepsy patients have rather high percentage;well controlling of epilepsy is useful for improvement of mental and motor development.Genetic analysis is significant for control and prognosis of ID-E patients,and genome-wide CNVs have high positive rates which can be used as first-tier test to detect genetic etiology of ID-E of unknown cause.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of school foodborne disease outbreaks in Henan Province from 2011 to 2020 and to provide the basis for effective prevention and control of school foodborne disease outbreaks. Methods: The outbreaks of foodborne diseases in schools in Henan Province reported by the foodborne disease outbreak surveillance system from 2011 to 2020 were statistically analyzed. Results: A total of 47 outbreaks of school foodborne diseases were reported in Henan province in the past 10 years, with a total of 1 258 cases, 701 hospitalizations and 1 death. Zhengzhou, Zhumadian, Xinyang and Xinxiang were the top 4 cities in Henan Province in terms of the number of school foodborne disease outbreaks reported. The peak of foodborne illness incidents in schools was in June and September. The largest number of incidents occurred in middle school canteens and primary school canteens(all 12). The number of reported incidents (12) and the number of cases of foodborne diseases (371) in schools caused by cereals and their products were the largest. Pathogenic bacteria and their toxins were the main pathogenic factors that caused the outbreaks of foodborne diseases in schools, accounting for 78.26% of the identified causes. Bacillus cereus was the top pathogens causing foodborne diseases outbreaks in schools. The pathogenic factor that caused the largest number of cases was Diarrheogenic Escherichia Coli, and the pathogenic factor that caused the death cases was poisonous mushrooms. Apart from unexplained incidents, improper processing was the main link leading to foodborne diseases outbreaks in schools. Conclusion The primary and middle school students are the group with high incidence of foodborne diseases in schools. The supervision and management of school canteen should be strengthened in summer to prevent the outbreak of bacterial foodborne diseases caused by improper processing and storage of grain food.

Anesthesia ; Fiber Optic Technology ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal

OBJECTIVETo evaluate therapeutic effects for reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)with hamstring tendon autografts and bioabsorbable interference screws fixation under arthroscopy.

METHODSThirty-one patients with ACL rupture were verified through arthroscopy. There were 27 patients were male and 4 patients were female, ranging in age from 17 to 40 years,with an average of 25 years. Among the patients, 26 patients combined with meniscus injuries, 3 patients with injuries of articular cartilage and 16 patients with I to II degree degeneration of articular cartilage. All the patients were performed ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendon autografts under arthroscopy and the reconstructed ligaments were fixed with bioabsorbable interference screws.

RESULTSNo severe complications occurred at early stage after operation. Thirty patients were followed up and ranged from 9 to 39 months,with an average of (19 +/- 9.0) months. Lysholm score significantly increased from average of 54.6 +/- 16.6 preoperatively to average of 92.5 +/- 5.7 at the end of follow-up period (t = 11.84, P < 0.01). Twenty-six patients restored to normal activity.

CONCLUSIONACL reconstructed with hamstring tendon autografts under arthroscopy has advantages of minimal trauma and satisfactory outcomes.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; surgery ; Arthroscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Tendons ; surgery ; transplantation ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Treatment Outcome

To investigated Shui nationality folk medicine's awareness to orthopedics & traumatology, the history of orthopedics & traumatology treatment, Shui nationality folk doctors' practicing medicine, heritage, diagnosis and treatment methods and tools, etc, through investigated drug resources category and distribution characteristics of Shui nationality medicine to orthopedics & traumatology treatment, explored and finished Shui nationality medicine orthopedics & traumatology treatment theoretical system. After more than 5 years' exploration and finishing, preliminarily formed the theoretical system framework and medicine application characteristics of Shui nationality medicine treating orthopedics & traumatology. Shui nationality medicine treatment orthopedics & traumatology has distinctive national style, and worthy to further exploration and research.
Bone Diseases ; ethnology ; history ; therapy ; China ; ethnology ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Orthopedics ; history ; methods ; Religion and Medicine ; Traumatology ; history ; methods

Objective: Combining the aluminium content data of food in Henan Province with the data of children s food consumption, to evaluate probability of dietary aluminum exposure among primary school students. Methods: Database of nine types of aluminum containing food and their consumption among primary school students in Henan Province were established. The probability distribution of dietary aluminum exposure was calculated by Monte Carlo simulation using Crystal Ball 11.1.2.4 software, and the sensitivity analysis of exposure was conducted. Results: The average content of aluminum in fried bread stick was the highest, with the value of 150.89 mg/kg. The consumption of dietary aluminum was highest in steamed bun, with the value of 0.15 g. The average dietary aluminum exposure per kilogram of body weight was 1.99 mg per week of primary school students in Henan Province, accounting for 99.7% of the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). The 95th percentile of aluminum exposure per kilogram of body weight per week was 6.16 mg, which was three times of that of PTWI. Nearly 13.22% of primary school students had dietary aluminum exposure higher than PTWI. Among all kinds of food, the average aluminum exposure of fried bread stick per kilogram of body weight per week was the highest 1.19 mg. Aluminum content in fried bread stick accounted the highest proportion of average dietary aluminum exposure among primary school students. Conclusion The average dietary aluminum exposure level of primary school students in Henan Province is close to the PTWI established by JECFA, with the high consumption population exceeds the PTWI. Measures should be taken to reduce the dietary aluminum exposure risk of primary school students.

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between aggressive behaviors, parent-child separation and experience of childhood abuse among junior high school students.

METHODSA total of 1417 students in ordinary junior high schools from 3 townships in Huoshan, Anhui were involved in this study. Self-made questionnaire was used to estimate aggressive behaviors, parent-child separation in childhood, child abuse and social demographic information of the students under this study.

RESULTSRelated scores (2.52 ± 0.78) on physical aggression in boys was higher than in girls (2.29 ± 0.79) while the scores related to anger (2.60 ± 0.82) and hostility (2.58 ± 0.80) in girls, were higher than those in boys (2.41 ± 0.75, 2.47 ± 0.78), all with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Scores related to different types of aggressive behaviors and the scores in total, were higher in students from the senior class (P < 0.001). Scores on items as verbal aggression, hostility and in total, were higher in those adolescents which had undergone maternal-child separation during their childhood (P < 0.05). Scores on hostility and in total, were higher in those adolescents which had suffered from father-child separation during their childhood (P < 0.05). Scores related to anger, hostility and in total, were higher in those adolescents which had undergone both parent-child separation when they were much younger (P < 0.05). Students who had suffered from various types of repeated abuse showed higher scores in various types of aggressive behaviors and in total, than those who did not have the same experience. Most of the differences among groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONStudents that suffered parent-child separation in their earlier childhood and with repeated experiences of abuse in childhood appeared to be risk factors causing aggressive behaviors to develop during the age of adolescence.

Adolescent ; Aggression ; Child ; Child Abuse ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Schools ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is considered a serious global threat. However, little is known regarding the multidrug resistance (MDR) mechanisms of CRKP. This study investigated the phenotypes and MDR mechanisms of CRKP and identified their clonal characteristics. METHODS: PCR and sequencing were utilized to identify antibiotic resistance determinants. Integron gene cassette arrays were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were used for epidemiological analysis. Plasmids were typed by using a PCR-based replicon typing and analyzed by conjugation and transformation assays. RESULTS: Seventy-eight strains were identified as resistant to at least one carbapenem; these CRKP strains had a high prevalence rate (38.5%, 30/78) of carbapenemase producers. Additionally, most isolates harbored MDR genes, including Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), AmpC, and quinolone and aminoglycoside resistance genes. Loss of porin genes was observed, and Class 1 integron was detected in 66.7% of the investigated isolates. PFGE and MLST results excluded the occurrence of clonal dissemination among these isolates. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of NDM-1 genes encoding carbapenem resistance determinants was demonstrated among the K. pneumoniae isolates. Importantly, this is the first report of bla(NDM-1) carriage in a K. pneumoniae ST1383 clone in China and of a MDR CRKP isolate co-harboring bla(NDM-1), bla(KPC-2), bla(CTX-M), bla(SHV), acc(6′)-Ib, rmtB, qnrB, and acc(6′)-Ib-cr.
China* ; Clone Cells ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Drug Resistance, Multiple* ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Genes, MDR ; Integrons ; Klebsiella pneumoniae* ; Klebsiella* ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Phenotype ; Plasmids ; Pneumonia ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Prevalence ; Replicon