Objective:To explore the clinical effect of intravenous immunoglobulin combined with conventional therapy in the treatment of severe pneumonia in infants and children.Methods:Selected the January 2015 to April 2016 in our hospital for treatment of 88 cases of children with severe pneumonia were retrospectively analyzed,which 47 cases by routine treatment plus intravenous immunoglobulin protein (treatment group),41 cases of children only take routine therapy (control group),with a course of 2 weeks.Results:The symptoms of fever,dyspnea,cough,wheezing,pulmonary rales were improved faster in the treatment group than the control group (P＜0.05);after 2 weeks of treatment,IgG levels were significantly higher in the treatment group than the control group(P＜0.05);after 2 weeks of treatment,the serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels were significantly lower in the treatment group than the control group(P＜ 0.05);after 1 week of treatment,57.45％ of patients was cured in the treatment groups while only 34.15％ patients in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Intravenous immunoglobulin combined with conventional therapy in the treatment of infants with severe pneumonia can significantly improve the theraputic effect and enhance blood immunoglobulin levels.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of isoflurane preconditioning on myocardium against isehemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury and the possible mechanism.Methods Fifty male SD rats weighing 250- 300 g were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=10 each):Ⅰ control group(C);Ⅱ I/R group and 3 isoflurane preconditioning groups with 0.5%(Ⅲ),or 1.0%(Ⅳ)or 2.0% isoflurane(Ⅴ).The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital 40 mg?kg~(-1).The hearts were immediately excised and placed in cold K-H solution.The aorta was canuulated and heart retrogradely perfused with K-H solution aerated with 95% O_2 and 5% CO_2 at 37℃ and 10 kPa in a langendorff apparatus.Left ventricular end-diastollc pressure(LVEDP)and left ventrieular systolic pressure(LVSP)were measured from a fluid-filled latex balloon in the left ventricle.The isolated hearts were made globally ischemic for 30 min followed by 60 rain reperfusion in group Ⅱ-Ⅴ.In the 3 isoflurane preconditioning groups the hearts were perfused with K-H solution saturated with 0.5% or 1.0% or 2.0% isoflurane for 15 rain followed by 15 rain washout before ischemia.The cardiac function variables including LVEDP,LVSP dp/dt_(min),dp/dt_(max) and HR were measured after epuilibrium(baseline values),immediately before ischemia,at the end of 30 min ischemia and 60 min reperfusion.The infarct size and cytochrome C level in cytoplasm and mitochondria of myocytes were measured.Results I/R significantly increased LVEDP and decreased LVSP,dp/dt_(min),dp/dt_(max) as compare with control group.Sevoflurane preconditioning significantly attenuated the depression of cardiac function caused by I/R.Only LVEDP was significantly higher during reperfusion period in the 3 sevoflurane preconditioning group than in the control group but there was no significant difference in LVSP,dp/ dt_(min),dp/dt_(max) between control group and the 3 preconditioning groups.The infarct size was significantly smaller in the 3 preconditioning groups than in I/R group.Cytochrome C level was significantly increased in cytoplasm but decreased in mitochondria in I/R group as compared with control group.Sevoflurane preconditioning significantly ameliorated the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria to cytoplasm in the 3 sevoflurane preconditioning group.Conclusion Isoflurane preconditioning can protect the heart against I/R injury by attenuation of the release of cytochrone C from mitochondria to cytoplasm.

0.05). The most frequent side-effects were abdominal pain and fever. The degree and duration of abdominal pain were higher and longer in group B than those in group A, but the occurrance rate of fever was lower in group B. The occurrance rate of severe complications showed no significant differences for both groups. The increase of embolization degree may aggravate post-embolization side-effects and raise the incidence of complications. Conclusions PVA may be used as the embolic material of PSE with embolization degree ranging from 50% to 70% which may alleviate hypersplenism in patients with cirrhosis, relieve post-embolization syndrome and decrease the incidence of severe complications.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of caspofungin in the treatment of invasive fungal disease (IFD) in advanced age patients. Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical data was conducted. IFD patients who had received caspofungin treatment in elderly wards were included. Results From January 2007 to August 2009, 29 IFD patients aged 80-100 years (mean 89 ) were treated with caspofungin. Except that one patient dead on the first drug administration day, there were 28 evaluable patients, 13 were cured (46.4%), 6 were markedly improved (21.4%), 3 progressed (10.8%) and 6 dead (21.4%). The overall effective rate was 67. 8%. Of 13cured patients, 12 were Candida bacreremia, 1 was Candida albicans disease of lung. Of 6 dead patients, 2 were Candida bacteremia, 1 was Candida albicans disease of lung and 3 was suspected of lung IFD. One patient performed that alanine aminotransferase was increased, considering drug-related impairment of liver function. Conclusions Caspofungin is effective and safe in the treatment of IFD in advanced age patients.

Aim To evaluate the effect of 15-hydroxy eicosatetraenoic acid(15-HETE) on the tension of isolated internal carotid artery(ICA) rings in normoxic or hypoxic rats in order to find out the pathophysiological effect of 15-HETE in ischemic/hypoxic brain tissues.Methods Sixteen healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups(n=8): group A with normal oxygen supply(FiO_2 21%) and group B with hypoxia(FiO_2 10%).9 days later,the rats were killed and the ICA rings were prepared.15-HETE in different concentration were added accordingly,and the after washing up,blockers of different kinds of K~+ channels such as 2 mmol?L~(-1) 4-AP,10~(-2) mol?L~(-1) TEA and 10~(-6) mol?L~(-1) GLYB were added to the KH solution separately,followed by the administration of 10~(-6) mol?L~(-1) 15-HETE.The isometric tension was recorded using a four-channel force-displacement transducer.Results The ICA tension was significantly increased both in groups A and B by 15-HETE in concentration-dependent manner(P0.05,n=8).Furthermore,10~(-2) mol?L~(-1) TEA,10~(-6) mol?L~(-1) GLYB had little effects on the tension of rings.Application of 10~(-6) mol?L~(1) 15-HETE after administration of TEA or GLYB induced nearly the same increase in ICA tone as it happened in the group administered with 10~(-6)mol?L~(-1) 15-HETE alone.Conclusion 15-HETE can induce brain vasoconstriction especially under the hypoxic condition.Voltage-dependent potassium channels play an important role in 15-HETE induced constriction.

Objective To compile a questionnaire about tobacco control for the nursing students and to provide evidence of research and evaluation for nursing students' knowledge,attitude,belief and practice related with tobacco control.Methods Based on the conceptual framework of predisposing factors,contributing factors and reinforcing factors of action,develop the questionnaire about tobacco control through literature review and expert consultation.The questionnaire includes 8 dimensions and 24 items in all.Those are the recognition of the harm of smoking,attitudes towards tobacco control,knowledge about laws and regulations of tobacco control and harms of cigarettes,future smoking tendency,future participation intention in social tobacco control,perception of information of tobacco control in media and participation of school tobacco control activities.By cluster sampling method,5 210 nursing students in two medical universities in the main district of Chongqing were investigated.Reliability and validity of the questionnaire were tested through SPSS 19.0 and Lisrel 8.8 215 students were retested.Results Cronbach's α for the whole questionnaire was 0.720 and for eight dimensions,it ranged from 0.529 to 0.748.Split-half coefficient was 0.806 and for eight dimensions,it ranged from 0.526 to 0.818.Test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.858.Spearman coefficient for each dimension was greater than 0.7.The principal component analysis was used to extract 8 common factors and the accumulative variance contribution rate was 57.209％.The factor loading of all items was 0.43-0.83.NFI,NNFI,CFI and IFI were 0.92,0.91,0.93 and 0.93.The construction of the questionnaire was consistent with the theory.Conclusion The reliability and validity of questionnaire about tobacco control for nursing students were good.It can be used in researches about the nursing students' tobacco control.

AIM: To investigate the expression of mitog en -activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) in cardiac ventricle muscles of spontane ously hypertensive rats and Wistar Kyoto rats at different ages and the relati onship between MKP-1 and myocardial hypertrophy. METHODS: The ratio of left ventricle weight to body weight (LVW/ BW) was measured to reflect myocardial hypertrophy. Protein expression of p-ERK was detected by Western blotting. MKP-1 mRNA in cardiac ventricle muscles was ex amined by RT-PCR. RESULTS: (1) The blood pressure (P

Objective To evaluate the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA) extensively-coated prosthesis on elderly patients undergoing hip arthroplasty.Methods From February 1997 to May 1999,96 patients Were treated with hydroxyapatite (HA) coated prosthesis and followed up for their hip arthroplasty.Their results were studied clinically and roentgengraphically to evaluate chiefly their Harris scores,complications and thigh pain.The survival of prosthesis was evaluated according to Kaplan-Meier methods.Results The 60 cases were followed up for eight years on average(range,sevon to nine years).Their mean Harris scores were improved from 42 preoperatively to 90 postoperatively.Fifty-eihgt cases felt no pain at their hip,but two did at their thigh.No radiolucent lines were observed.All the prostheses achieved bony stabilization and remolding.Conclusions HA coated prosthesis can achieve fine fixation,because it helps bone conduction,resists axial force and torsion,and reduces operative risks.

BACKGROUND:Removing the posterior ligamentous complexes during posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) may influence motion and load bearing characteristics of the adjacent segments,contributing to the postoperative instability at the adjacent segment,which is one of the important factors for adjacent segment degeneration.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the PLIF plus screw implantation preserving posterior ligamentous complexes under microscope.METHODS:Thirty-six patients with single-level lumbar degenerative disease were enrolled,which were allotted to experimental (n=17) and control (n=1 9) groups,followed by treated with PLIF plus screw implantation preserving posterior ligamentous complexes,and traditional PLIF plus screw implnatation,respectively.The Visual Analogue Scale scores and Oswestry Dysfunction Index at baseline and postoperative 3 months were assessed.The adjacent segment degeneration was observed through radiology during follow-up.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The Visual Analogue Scale and Oswestry Dysfunction Index scores in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P ＜ 0.01),and the postoperative scores in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.01).The adjacent segment degeneration occurred in two cases in the experimental group and 8 cases in the control group during follow-up.Radiology revealed that the internal fixative was stable,none of screw loosening,rupture or pullout.These results suggest that PLIF plus screw implantation with posterior ligamentous complexes can effectively relieve the pain and dysfunction in the lumbar degenerative patients,and reduce the incidence of adjacent segment degeneration.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate bacterial drug resistance detection value in lower respiratory tract infection treatment.METHODS The data of distribution and antimicrobial resistance of clinical strains in sputum samples in patients with lower respiratory tract infection within some periods were collected and analyzed by WHONET software.Meanwhile,the delivery rates and detection positive rates of clinical species and antibiotics application status in clinic were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS The delivery rates and detection positive rates of clinical species in patients with lower respiratory tract infection within some periods were 67.8% and 55.9%,respectively.The proportion of Gram-negative bacilli and Gram-positive cocci was 82.39% and 14.18%,respectively.Different drug resistance was displayed in different pathogenic bacteria.Resistant rate of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and non-ferment bacteria against ciprofloxacin and piperacillin/tazobactam was 47.8%,34.8%and 31.5%,44.7%,respectively and resistant rate of S.aureus against levofloxacin was 63.9%.CONCLUSIONS Although the pathogenic bacteria in patients with lower respiratory tract infection show higher drug resistance to general antibiotics,most of patients with lower respiratory tract infection are treated according to clinical experience of doctors,not based on the results of bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test.Therefore,the results of bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test do not play a proper role to direct anti-infective therapy in clinic.