Objective To investigate the effect of ropiyacaine combined with intra-spinal epidural anesthesia by using the same volume but different injection speed on anaesthetic level.Methods 80 cases of patients of ASA～Ⅱdegree suitable to use intra-spinal epidural combined anesthesia for gynecologic operation were selected and ran- domly divided into three groups,0.75 % ropivacaine 2mg(15mg)administered,group A the speed of injection was 10 seconds,group B injection speed was 20 seconds,group C injection speed was 30 seconds,the anaesthetic level reached T_(10).The time of highest level in spinal anesthesia,30 minutes after spinal anesthesia MAP,and number of cases need to add epidural drug were all recorded.Results The best effect of anesthesia was found in group B,the block level of anesthesia was satisfactory,blood dynamic was stable,and there was no need to add epidural drug.Conclusion The speed of 0.75 % ropivacaine 2ml spinal epidural combined with anesthesia was suitable at the speed of 20 seconds.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the dynamic changes of neurofilament contents in rat's spinal cord induced by 2, 5-hexanedione (2, 5-HD), and explore the molecular mechanism of n-hexane neuropathy.

METHODSMale Wistar rats were administered at a dosage of 400 mg/kg/day 2, 5-HD for 2, 4 and 8 weeks respectively. HD-induced neurological defects were detected and quantified using gait score, and the relative lev-els of NF-H, NF-M, and NF-L in spinal cords of rats were determined by Western Blotting.

RESULTSExposure to 2, 5-HD produced progressive gait abnormalities, which suggested that the rat model of 2, 5-HD-induced neurotoxicity was established successfully. Western-Blotting results showed that NFs content in spinal cord demonstrated a progressive decline as the intoxication continued. In the supernatant fraction, compared to the controls, NF-H con-tent decreased by 15.7%, 57.0%, and 58.0% respectively after 2, 4, and 8-week treatment with 2, 5-HD (P < 0.01); accordingly, NF-M decreased by 36.0%, 61.3%, and 65.2% respectively (P < 0.01); NF-L decreased by 20.8%, 43.9%, and 44.3% respectively (P < 0.01). In the pellet fraction, the contents of NF-H in groups of 4 and 8 weeks' exposure to HD decreased by 35.6% and 43.2%, respectively (P < 0.01), and those of NF-L decreased by 26.4% and 42.1%, respectively (P < 0.01) when compared to the control. Further-more, NF-M contents in groups of 2, 4 and 8 weeks' exposure decreased by 23.3%, 33.9%, and 63.7% respectively (P < 0.01). The NFs level in spinal cords was highly correlated with gait abnormality of treated rats as the intoxication went on. Multiple correlation coefficients of NF-H, NF-M, and NF-L content with gait score of HD-treated rat were 0.8912, 0.9282 and 0.8981 (P < 0.01) respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe declines of NFs are high-ly related to neurobehavioral abnormality of 2, 5-HD-treated animals, and involved in the development of n-hexane neuropathy.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gait ; drug effects ; Hexanones ; toxicity ; Male ; Neurofilament Proteins ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spinal Cord ; drug effects ; metabolism

Objective To investigate plasma glutathione S-transferase(GSTs) activity and GSTP1 gene Ile105Val polymorphism in Bijie City, Guizhou Province, a coal-burning fluorosis endemic area. Methods One hundred and sixty villagers from Yachi Twon using non-improved cooking stoves were selected as the non-intervened group in Bijie City, Guizhou Province where coal-burning fluorosis was prevailing; 153 villagers as the intervented group were chosen from Changchun Twon, where cooking stoves were improved; 151 villagers were served as the control group from Baiyunshan Twon, Changshun County without endemic fluorosis. The activity of GSTs was tested by colorimetric analysis with spectrophotometer. The genotype of the GSTP1 gene Ile105Val polymorphism, presenting as either homozygous wild-type (AA), or heterozygous mutation type (AG), or homozygous mutation type (GG), was detected through the PCR-RFLP procedure. Results The activity of GSTs in plasma of non-intervened group [(12.44±4.97) kU/L]was significantly lower than that of intervened group (P < 0.05), and that of intervened group[(20.78±6.20)kU/L]was significantly lower than that of control group[(24.30±6.27)kU/L, P< 0.05]. The difference of the enzyme activity of three groups were statistically significant (F = 51.71, P < 0.05), but this enzyme activity did not vary significantly in each sex of each grnup(P > 0.05). Compared intervened group [AA:67.3%(103/153), AG:29.4%(45/153),GG:3.3%(5/153)]and non-intervened group[AA:66.9%(107/160), AG:30%(48/160), GG:3.1%(5/160)]with control group[AA:74.8%(113/151), AG:25.2%(38/151), GG:0 (0/151)], the Ile105Val polymorphism site of GSTP1 gene had significant difference(χ2= 6.04,6.07, both P< 0.05), but not significant between intervened and non-intervened groups(χ2 = 0.02, P>0.05). Conclusions Fluorosis can decrease the activity of GSTs and introduce the GSTP1 gene Ile105Val polymorphism, intervention with the fluorine intake will improve the effect of fluoride on the body.

OBJECTIVETo observe the correlation of gammaD-crystallin P23T mutant with lens ultrastructure of the hereditary coralliform cataract.

METHODSComplete ophthalmologic examinations were performed before lens extraction and lens samples were studied by transmission and scanning electric microscope respectively. Protein molecular modeling was performed using SWISS-MODEL(version 2.0).

RESULTSProtein structure modeling demonstrated that the mutant caused a decrease in molecular final total energy and changes in the surface structure of gammaD-crystallin. Ultrastructure study revealed crystals deposited in lens, extensive granules dispersed in uncommon oval structure and the disorganization of lens epithelial cells.

CONCLUSIONIt is possible that the gammaD-crystallin P23T mutant is associated with abnormal crystals in lens and disorganization of lens epithelial cells.

Cataract ; congenital ; genetics ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Lens, Crystalline ; ultrastructure ; Male ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; Point Mutation ; gamma-Crystallins ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo determine Th1/Th2 cytokines and chemokines in patients with allergic diseases and its clinic significance.

METHODSSerum levels of IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, Eotaxin, RANTES and LTB4 were determined from peripheral blood of 64 allergic patients and 21 healthy controls with ELISA.

RESULTSIL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and Eotaxin, LTB4 were increased significantly in serum of allergic patients compared with those of controls (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in serum levels of IFN-gamma and RANTES between patients and controls (P>0.05). Serum levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and LTB4 were correlated with each other (P<0.01). Eotaxin, RANTES and IFN-gamma levels were also significantly correlated with each other (P<0.05). LTB4 was correlated with Eotaxin as well (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONA wide range of cytokines and chemokines is involved in allergic diseases,which may play their roles in a complex interactive manner.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Chemokines ; blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cytokines ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; blood ; immunology ; Interferon-gamma ; blood ; Interleukin-13 ; blood ; Interleukin-4 ; blood ; Leukotriene B4 ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Th1 Cells ; immunology ; Th2 Cells ; immunology ; Young Adult

ObjectiveTo observe the distribution of vitamin D receptor(VDR) gene polymorphisms in coal-burning borne fluorosis in Guizhou province and investigate the relationship between VDR gene polymorphisms and the susceptibility to coal-burning borne fluorosis.MethodsOne hundred and fifty villagers from non-improving cooking stove villages were selected as a non-intervention group in Bijie area,Guizhou province where coal-burning borne fluorosis was prevailing; 150 villagers were chosen from cooking stove improved villages as a intervention group; 150 villagers were selected from non-endemic area Changshun county as a control group.DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of these people.Genotype of VDR gene Bsm Ⅰ and Fok Ⅰ loci were detected using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).ResultsDistribution of Bsm Ⅰ polymorphism site of VDR gene of control group [AA:19.3％ (29/150),AG:39.3％ (59/150),GG:41.3％(62/150)],was compared with that[AA:4.7％(7/150),AG:14.0％(21/150),GG:81.3％(122/150)] of the non-intervention group and that[AA:7.3％(11/150),AG:23.3％(35/150),GG:69.3％(104/150)] of intervention group,and the difference was statistically significant(X2 =56.6,P ＜ 0.05).The frequency of VDR-Fok Ⅰ loci in non-intervention group [TT:29.3％(44/150),TC:55.3％(83/150),CC:15.3％(23/150)] and intervention group [TT:32.7％(49/150),TC:55.3％(83/150),CC:12.0％(18/150)] was compared with that [TT:45.3％(68/150),TC:48.7％(73/150),CC:6.0％(9/150)] of control group,and the difference was statistically significant(X2 =11.9,P ＜ 0.05).Univariate analysis showed that individuals carrying the GG genotype had increased risk of suffering fluorosis than individuals carrying the AA and AG genotypes(OR values were 6.2,3.2,all P ＜ 0.05),while carrying the TC and CC genotype had increased risk of suffering fluorosis than individuals carrying the TT genotype (OR values were 1.3,2.8,1.3,2.1,all P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionVDR gene polymorphisms may be one of the predisposing factors of coal-burning borne fluorosis.

Objective To carry on a survey on blood routine examination of coal-burning endemic fluorosis population in Bijie City,Guizhou Province in order to study their health status and problems.Methods Blood routine examination was performed in the residents in coal-fired pollution endemic fluorosis-endemic area, including the residents of the Changchun Village of Changcun Town(intervention group)whose stoves had been improved and of Shiba Village Yachi Town not improved in Bijie City,Guizhou Province.The indicators were including leukocyte(WBC),red blood cell(RBC),hemoglobin(Hb),hematocrit(HCT),tlle average hematocrit red blood cell volume(MCV),mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH),mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC),red blood cell distribution width-CV(RDW-CV),platelets(PLT).Results RBC,Hb,HCT,MCHC, PLT were(4.95±1.18)×1012/L,(138.46±15.90)g/L,(50.19±11.48)%,(284.90±48.73)g/L,(334.92± 119.34)×109/L for the male in the intervened group,and they were(4.02±0.47)x 1012/L,(131.00±15.90)g/L, (40.90±7.60)%,(323.14±41.95)g/L,(280.79±100.34)× 109/L in non-intervention group,respectively. Inter-group comparison,the difference was statistically significant (U = 7.72,3.50,7.12,6.28,3.66,P ＜ 0.01). RBC, HCT,MCV,MCH,MCHC,RDW-CV,PLT were respectively(4.75±1.20)×1012/L,(46.91±11.20)%,(99.30± 6.88)fl,(28.10±8.66)pg,(275.61±54.49)g/L,(16.95±1.63)%,(351.23±150.37)×109/L for the female in the intervened group,and were (3.85±0.65)×1012/L,(38.80±6.60)%,(100.80±7.00)fl,(33.10±5.40)pg, (327.14±44.52 ) g/L,(16.60±1.58) %,(279.40±98.07)×109/L in the group un-intervened. Inter-group comparison found that there was a significant difference(U = 8.92,10.72,2.04,6.61,9.82,2.06,5.39,P ＜ 0.001 or 0.05) and the abnormal rate of RBC and Hb in non-intervention group[ 32.62% (92/282),16.67%(47/282)] was higher than that in the intervention group[9.73%(29/298) ,6.71%(20/298),x2 = 45.992,14.054,P ＜ 0.01 ) ]. Conclusion Experiment group has better results of blood routine test compared to non-intervention group,especially of anemia.

OBJECTIVETo study the method with endoscope-assisted microsurgical technique through the supraorbital keyhole approach to treat aneurysms in the anterior circulation.

METHODSAccording to preoperative diagnostic imagings, to work out of the individual operation planning. Skin incision was made in the eyebrow, and the diameter of supraorbital craniotomy was about 2 cm, endoscope-assisted microsurgical technique was used to clip aneurysm. The technique was used in the most recent 12 consecutive patients.

RESULTSFive different kinds of aneurysms in the anterior circulation were clipped through this method and 12 patients were cured. One patient, intraoperative accidental aneurysm rupture occurred. There were no approach-related complications.

CONCLUSIONSThis endoscope-assisted microsurgical technique via supraorbital keyhole approach is a safe, minimal invasive and effective way for the treatment of aneurysms in the anterior circulation, and there is more sufficient operating space.

Adult ; Aged ; Craniotomy ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; surgery ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Middle Aged ; Neuroendoscopy ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study endoscope-assisted microsurgical technique with supraorbital keyhole approach for the treatment of suprasellar region tumor so as to maximize tumor removal and minimize operative-trauma.

METHODSAccording to high resolution CT and MR images before operation, individual operation schemes were worked out. Skin incision was made in the eyebrow, and the diameter of supraorbital craniotomy was approximately 2 cm. Endoscope-assisted microsurgical technique was used to resect lesions in 16 consecutive patients.

RESULTSTotal Tumors were removed in all of the 16 patients via the supraorbital keyhole approach. No postoperative complications occurred.

CONCLUSIONSSupraorbital keyhole approach may diminish tissue injury considerably and has proven to provide sufficient operating space in the suprasellar region for tumor removal.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Brain Neoplasms ; surgery ; Child ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Middle Aged ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; methods