OBJECTIVETo study the expression and significance of PLAC1/CP1 genes in patients with primary colorectal carcinoma.

METHODSThe expression of PLAC1/CP1 genes in 97 cases of colorectal carcinoma was studied using tissue chip technology and immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSThe rate of PLAC1/CP1 proteins expression in the cases studied was 56.7% (55/97), with 27.8% (27/97) being nuclear staining and 43.3% (42/97) being cytoplasmic staining. The percentage of expression was higher in women than in men (χ(2) = 6.567, P = 0.010). The expression in poorly differentiated colorectal carcinoma was significantly higher than that in the well or moderately differentiated carcinoma (χ(2) = 8.321, P = 0.016). The expression was also significantly higher in stage TNM III or IV tumors than in stage TNM I or II tumors (χ(2) = 18.726, P = 0.000). The rate was higher in cases with lymph node metastasis than in those with negative lymph nodes (χ(2) = 17.407, P = 0.000), and was higher as the number of metastasis increasing (χ(2) = 22.632, P = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONThe expression of PLAC1/CP1 genes correlates with various clinical and pathologic parameters. It carries prognostic significance and may represent a potential target for immunotherapy.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cell Nucleus ; metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Cytoplasm ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Pregnancy Proteins ; metabolism ; Sex Factors

OBJECTIVETo examine the effect of hydraulic residence time (HRT) on the performance and stability, to treat dilute wastewater at different operational temperatures in a carrier anaerobic baffled reactor (CABR), and hence to gain a deeper insight into microbial responses to hydraulic shocks on the base of the relationships among macroscopic performance, catabolic intermediate, and microcosmic alternation.

METHODSCOD, VFAs, and microbial activity were detected with constant feed strength (300 mg/L) at different HRTs (9-18 h) and temperatures (10 degrees C-28 degrees C) in a CABR.

RESULTSThe removal efficiencies declined with the decreases of HRTs and temperatures. However, the COD removal load was still higher at short HRT than at long HRT. Devastating reactor performance happened at temperature of 10 degrees C and at HRT of 9 h. HRTs had effect on the VFAs in the reactor slightly both at high and low temperatures, but the reasons differed from each other. Microbial activity was sensitive to indicate changes of environmental and operational parameters in the reactor.

CONCLUSIONThe CABR offers to certain extent an application to treat dilute wastewater under a hydraulic-shock at temperatures from 10 degrees C to 28 degrees C.

Anaerobiosis ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Biomass ; Bioreactors ; Fatty Acids, Volatile ; metabolism ; Oxidoreductases ; metabolism ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Sewage ; chemistry ; microbiology ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; Waste Disposal, Fluid

Objective To explore the protective effect of gallic acid in Phyllanthus emblica on high glucose－induced apoptosis of pancreatic islet β cells, and to provide a reference for the discovery of natural compounds for the treatment of diabetes. Methods In vivo experimental model, wistar male rats were used as in vivo subjects and 50 mg/kg STZ was injected intraperitoneally. After the model was successfully established, 25 mg/kg of gallic acid was given orally, and the positive drug was Sitagliptin. After 4 weeks of administration, the blood was taken and the pancreas was removed for HE staining. Western blot was used to measure the expression of NLRP3 and TXNIP in pancreatic tissue in high sugar state. In vitro model, insulinoma cell line INS－1 cells were used as in vitro targets to establish high levels. In sugar－induced apoptosis model, INS－1 cells were cultured in glucose－free RPMI 1640 complete medium supplemented with 25 mmol/L glucose. Gallic acid was used as the test sample. Experiments were divided into normal controls, high－sugar models, and low, medium and high levels of gallic acid groups. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The mRNA expression of NLRP3 and TXNIP in INS－1 cells was detected by QPCR and Western blot, and the expression of NLRP3 and TXNIP protein was detected.Results (1) INS－1 cells were cultured in a medium with glucose concentration of 25mmol/L for 48h, and the apoptosis rate was increased compared with the control group (P＜0.01), indicating that the apoptosis model was established successfully under high glucose conditions. (2) 10, 5, and 2.5 μmol/L GA were used to treat the control group and the high glucose model group cells respectively. The survival rate of the control group did not change significantly (P＞0.05) . Compared with the control group, the expression of NLRP3 and TXNIP in INS－1 cells in the high glucose model group was significantly different (P＜0.05);the protein expression level was significantly downregulated after GA treatment, and there was a statistical difference (P＜0.05) . Compared with the control group, the expression of NLRP3 protein in INS－1 cells in the high glucose model group was statistically different (P＜0.01), and the protein expression level was significantly downregulated after GA treatment (P＜0.01) ; The protein expression level was up－regulated (P＜0.05);the protein expression level after GA treatment was significantly down－regulated (P＜0.05); (4) The expression of NLRP3 and TXNIP mRNA in INS－1 cells was increased in the high glucose model group compared with the control group (P＜0.01) ; The expression of protein was significantly down－regulated after GA treatment (P＜0.01) . Conclusion The cells were cultured for 48 h in glucose－free RPMI 1640 complete medium supplemented with 25 mmol/L glucose. GA has no effect on the proliferation of normal INS－1 cells. GA protects INS－1 cells from apoptosis under high glucose conditions. The mechanism may be related to GA down－regulation of NLRP3 and TXNIP gene expression.

Objective To establish a method for detection of the human papi 11 omavirus(HPV)6b E7-specific antibodies in serum and cervical secretion from patients with condyloma acuminatum(CA).Methods A full-length HPV 6b E7 gene was amplified by PCR from the CA tissue to construct the recombinant plasmid pET32a(+)/HPV 6b E7.The expression of prokaryotic protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot,then purified with Ni-NTA Agarose affinity column and used as an diagnostic antigen for establishing indirect ELISA method,to detect specific serum IgG and specific cervical secretion slgA from 56 CA patients,81 healthy control.Sera from 43 cervical cancer was served as control.HPV 6b DNA from 56 CA patients was identified by PCR.Results Data showed that the nucleotide homology of cloned sequence was 99.5%,compared to the standard sequences of HPV 6b E7 gene(GenBank accession number:NC001355).A high level expression of E7 fusion protein was obtained in prokaryotic expression system(40 μg/ml).Based on HPV 6b E7 fusion protein being used as coating antigen,results from ELISA showed that the absorbance rates(A)of serum IgG from CA,cervix cancer and healthy control groups were 1.82±0.48,1.36 ± 0.39 and 1.39 ± 0.27,respectively.The level of IgG antibody in the serum of CA group was significantly higher than that in cervix cancer group and healthy control(P＜0.05).The A values of cervical secretion sIgA in CA and healthy control groups were 0.63 ± 0.26 and 0.53 ± 0.06,respectively,while the level of sIgA antibody in the cervical secretion of CA group was also significantly higher than that in healthy controls(P＜0.05).The positive rate of HPV 6b E7 DNA in CA tissue was 78.6%(44/56)by PCR method.When compared the results measured by PCR,the HPV 6b E7-specific IgG and sIgA antibodies by ELISA used to detect the patients infected with HPV 6b infection,showed that the sensitivity rates were 68.2%(30/44)and 54.6%(24/44)respectively,and the specificity were all 100%(12/12).Conclusion Based on the serum and cervical secretion specific HPV 6b E7 antibodies from patients with CA to diagnose HPV 6b infection,results showed medium sensitivity and high specificity,and could further be used to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of HPV 6b infection.

Two Rotavirus G9P[8] strains (LL52696 and LL52727) were recognized during a sentinel-based survey in Lulong, China. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP7 gene showed that both strains isolated constituted a divergent genetic cluster distinct from the other G9 strains isolated in China. Analysis of VP4, VP6, and NSP4 genes revealed that these strains were closely related to Lulong strains. We hold that two strains were reassortant between G9 and Lulong predominant strains.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, Viral ; chemistry ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Capsid Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; Glycoproteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; Humans ; Phylogeny ; Rotavirus ; classification ; genetics ; Toxins, Biological ; chemistry ; genetics ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo compare the bidirectional effect of rhubarb total anthraquinone (TA) and total tannins (TT) on rats' liver.

METHODSOne hundred rats were randomly divided into 10 groups, i.e., the blank group, the model group, the blank + high dose TA group, the blank +low dose TA group, the blank + high dose TT group, the blank + low dose TT group, the model + high dose TA group, the model + low dose TA group, the model +high dose TT group, and the model + low dose TT group, 10 in each group. The carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) was used to prepare the acute liver injury rat model. TA and TT of rhubarb (at 5.40 g crude drugs/kg and 14.69 g crude drugs/kg) were intragastrically administrated to rats in all groups except the blank group and the model group, once daily for 6 successive days.The general state of rats, biochemical indices such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), laminin (LN), hyaluronic acid (HA), transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), as well pathological results of rat liver tissues. Finally the protection laws of TA and TT for rats' liver were analyzed using factor analysis.

RESULTSCompared with the blank control group, all biochemical indices increased in the blank group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). HA also increased in the blank + high dose TA group; AST, ALT, and HA also increased in the blank +high dose TT group (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, AST, ALT, ALP, HA, and TGF-beta1 significantly decreased in the model + low dose TA group, the model + high dose TA group, the model + low dose TT group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Serum AST, ALT, and ALP also decreased in the model + high dose TT group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Pathological results showed that mild swollen liver cells in the model + high dose TA group. Fatty degeneration and fragmental necrosis around the central veins occurred in the blank + high dose TA group. The pathological injury was inproved in the model +low dose TA group. Two common factors, liver fibrosis and liver cell injury, were extracted by using factor analysis. TA showed stronger improvement of the two common factors than TT.

CONCLUSIONSRhubarb TA and TT showed protective and harmful effects on rats' liver. At an equivalent dosage, TA had better liver protection than TT. High dose TT played a role in liver injury to some extent.

Animals ; Anthraquinones ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; toxicity ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Liver ; drug effects ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rheum ; chemistry ; Tannins ; adverse effects ; pharmacology

Objective To study the inhibitory effect of ursolic acid on the proliferation of human papillary thyroid carcinoma cell line TPC-1 in vitro. Method TPC-1 cells were treated with different concentrations of ursolic acid (control group:0μM, experimental group:3μM , 6μM, 12μM);MTT assay was used to observe the effect of the growth of TPC-1 cells on different concentrations of ursolic acid at the same time;Apoptosis and cell cycle distribution of TPC-1 cells were treated with ursolic acid by flow cytometry;The expression of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-9 mRNA in TPC-1 cells were treated with ursolic acid by QRT-PCR;The expression of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-9 protein in TPC-1 cells were treated with ursolic acid by Western blot. Results MTT assay showed that ursolic acid inhibited the proliferation of TPC-1 cells in a concentration and time-dependent manner, and the IC50 at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h was 14.21 μM, 10.56 μM, 10.39 μM; Flow cytometry showed that ursolic acid inhibited the apoptosis of TPC-1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, and the growth of TPC-1 cells was arrested in S phase;QRT-PCR showed that Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-9 mRNA were expressed in the control and experimental groups, ursolic acid inhibited the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA in a concentration-dependent manner and up-regulated the expression of Bax and Caspase-9 mRNA;Western blot results showed that Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-9 were expressed in the control and experimental groups, ursolic acid inhibited the expression of Bcl-2 protein in a concentration-dependent manner and up-regulated the expression of Bax protein and Caspase-9 protein. Conclusion Ursolic acid can significantly inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of human papillary thyroid TPC-1 cells, providing some ideas for the treatment of thyroid cancer.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of ginger-partitioned moxibustion plus pediatric massage (tuina) in treating infantile diarrhea due to spleen deficiency. Methods: Ninety infants were randomly divided into a massage plus moxibustion group, a massage group and a drug group by the random number table method, with 30 cases in each group. The intervention was conducted for two consecutive courses. The infants in the massage plus moxibustion group were treated with pediatric massage and ginger-partitioned moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8). The infants in the massage group were treated with pediatric massage alone, while those in the drug group were treated with smecta. The primary and secondary symptom scales were assessed before and after treatment and at the follow-ups, and the total effective rate was evaluated after treatment. Results: The total effective rate in the massage plus moxibustion group was significantly different from that in the massage group and drug group (both P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of primary and secondary symptoms decreased in all three groups, with statistically significant intra-group differences (all P<0.05); the scores of primary symptoms were significantly different between the massage plus moxibustion group and the drug group (P<0.05); the scores of secondary symptoms in the massage plus moxibustion group and the massage group were significantly different from that in the drug group (both P<0.05). The differences in the time to recover normal bowel movement frequency among the three groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: Ginger-partitioned moxibustion plus pediatric massage compared with pediatric massage or smecta monotherapy shows superior clinical efficacy in treating infantile diarrhea due to spleen deficiency, and has the advantages of appetite improvement, physique strengthening and short course.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify the clinical characteristics and potential mechanisms relevant to pathological proteins in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients who experience fatigue. METHODS: PD patients (n=102) were evaluated using a fatigue severity scale and scales for motor and nonmotor symptoms. The levels of three pathological proteins-α-synuclein oligomer, β-amyloid (Aβ)(1-42), and tau-were measured in 102 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from these PD patients. Linear regression analyses were performed between fatigue score and the CSF levels of the above-listed pathological proteins in PD patients. RESULTS: The frequency of fatigue in the PD patients was 62.75%. The fatigue group had worse motor symptoms and anxiety, depression, and autonomic dysfunction. The CSF level of α-synuclein oligomer was higher and that of Aβ1-42 was lower in the fatigue group than in the non-fatigue group. In multiple linear regression analyses, fatigue severity was significantly and positively correlated with the α-synuclein oligomer level in the CSF of PD patients, after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSIONS: PD patients experience a high frequency of fatigue. PD patients with fatigue have worse motor and part nonmotor symptoms. Fatigue in PD patients is associated with an increased α-synuclein oligomer level in the CSF.
Anxiety ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Depression ; Fatigue* ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Parkinson Disease* ; Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVETo analyze epidemiological characters of an outbreak of rotavirus diarrhea in Daxing County, Guangxi Province.

METHODSRotavirus-positive specimens were identified by ELISA kit. G/P typing assays were confirmed with multiplex seminested RT-PCR. Full-length VP7 genes of 4 positive specimens were amplified and analyzed.

RESULTS30 cases of Rotavirus-positive were identified from 64 specimens. The attack rate was 46.9%, and G/P typing was G1P[8]. A change of VP7 amino acid residue is at positions 68.

CONCLUSIONG1P[8] rotavirus is the etiologic agents of this diarrhea outbreak. In addition, adults were included in this outbreak.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, Viral ; genetics ; Capsid Proteins ; genetics ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Diarrhea ; epidemiology ; virology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Feces ; virology ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phylogeny ; Rotavirus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Rotavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Young Adult