Objective To test the safety and efficacy of using Botulinum Toxin Type A(BTX-A)in the treatment of chronic daily headache(CDH). Methods Thirty-eight patients in the treatment group injected BTX-A 50 U at 10 positions at the muscles including frontalis, temporalis, splenius capitis and occipitalis. Forty-four patients in the control group were given 2% lidocaine 3 ml plus prednisolone acetate 75 mg(2 ml)at the same muscles sites as in the treatment group. Frequency of headache, headache intensity(evaluated by visual analogue scale, VAS), quality of life(by WHO Qol-8 questionnaire)and adverse reactions were assessed on 0, 30, 60, 90 days after the treatment. Results At follow-up of 30,60, 90 days, the number of headache days per month reduced in both groups. BTX-A group had 14. 0 ±7.8, 13. 0 ±6. 8 and 13.0 ±6. 4 days per month, while the control group had 19. 0 ±6. 1, 21.0 ±6. 1 and 21.0 ±5.8, days at the follow-up of 30, 60 and 90 days, respectively, showing significant difference in the two groups(Z = 2. 895, 4. 544 and 4. 878, all P ＜ 0. 01). At 30 days, VAS scores in the treatment and control groups were 3.6 ± 1.5 and 3. 8 ± 1.3 respectively, showing no significant difference(Z = 1. 254,P =0. 210); At 60 days and 90 days, VAS scores in the BTX-A group were 3.2 ± 1.5 and 3. 1 ± 1.6 respectively, and in the control group were 4. 7 ± 1.3 and 5.0 ± 1.5 respectively, showing significant difference(Z =4. 950 and 5. 096, both P =0. 000). Quality of life in the two groups was slightly improved.After the treatment, 1 case(2. 6%)in BTX-A group occurred brow ptosis. The other patients didn't report any treatment related adverse events. Conclusion BTX-A is an effective and relative safe treatment in patients with CDH.

ve method of limb salvage.

Gene therapy has emerged as an efficient modality to treat human diseases.This method is based on the transfer of genetic material to tissues to induce a curative effect.Gene therapy vectors are molecular constructs used to facilitate the penetration of genomic sequences inside the cells.Viral vectots have however several limitations when administered directly to the patient.They may cause significant toxicity by activating innate immunity or by eliciting an adaptive immune response against viral proteins.In addition,targeting the vector to the desired site is an issue when given systemically.The use of cells as vehicles for gene therapy vectors has many advantages.The combination of cell-viro-gene therapy has been thought as a new and promising strategy for therapy of cancer.The targeting vector to cancer stem cells will become a new direction in the field of gene therapy.In this article,we will introduce progressions,limitations and future directions of gene therapy of liver cancer.

Adolescent ; Humans ; Male ; Wolfram Syndrome

Objective To investigate the effect of carbon dioxid insufflation on cerebral blood flow (CBF) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods Thirty patients ASA grade Ⅰ- Ⅱ undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were selected. The values of jugular venous oxygen partial pressure(PjvO2 ) jugular venous oxygen saturation (SjvO2 ), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), oxygen (PaO2) and saturation (SaO2 ) were measured before the insufflation, 10 min and 30 min after the insufnation, respectively. Results Compared with those before the insufflation, SjvO2 and PacO2 were increased significantly, and arterial--jugular venous oxygen content difference (Ca-jvDO2 ) decreased markedly 10 min and 30 min after insufflation (P

Objective To study the directly injury effects of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) on human vascular endothelial cells(HVEC).Methods Lipopolysaccharide with different concentrations added into cultured vascular endothelial cells of human umbilical vein,at different phase after lipopolysaccharide being added,the concentrations of nitric oxide(NO),lactic acid dehydrogenase(LDH) were measured,and the adhesion of HVEC to polymorphonuclear leucocytes(PMN) were observed,the morphological changes of HVEC were detected by phase-contrast microscope.Results The NO content,LDH activity were obviously elevated with increase of LPS concentration(P

Objective To study the restraining capability mechanism of small calibre ileum conduit anastomosed directly to the bladder in pigs. Methods 15 pigs were randomized into 5 groups according to the length of the ileal loop to form the conduit: 4cm, 5cm, 6cm, 7cm, and 8cm. In each pig, two ileal segments of the same length were reduced in calibre by opening up longitudinally and closed around a catheter. They were then directly anastomosed to the bladder end to side and placed within rectus abdominis musche in each pig. Urodynamic test, radiological image analysis and histological study were carried out 8 weeks after the procedure. Results No stenosis and twisting of the ileal ileum conduit were observed in 5cm, 6cm, and 7cm groups, in which they could be catheterized with ease. When the bladder was filled with a mean volume of 400ml of saline, the maximum "urethral" pressure ranged from 5.15～12.19kPa and the maximum close pressure (MCP) ranged from 4.83～11.27kPa. The "urethral functional length" of the ileal conduit was longer than 2cm. Among 5cm, 6cm and 7cm groups, there were no significant differences in maximum closure pressure and the urethral functional length, except in maximum "urethral" pressure. In the 4cm group, there was incontinence. Failure was found in the 8cm group because of necrosis of the ileal loop embedded in the abdominal muscle. Conclusion Small calibre conduits formed with ileum in the length of 5cm to 7cm are able to restrain urinary leakage when anastomosed directly to the bladder and and embedded in the by rectus abdominis in pigs.

Objective: To analyze the related risk factors for esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB) in patients with hepatocirrhosis and portal hypertension, so as to provide clinical evidences for establishing preventive measures for EVB. Methods: Using "* esophag *", "varice *", "bleeding", "hemorrhage", and "risk factor *" as the key words, we searched the clinical studies (1986-2006) about the risk factors of EVB in hepatocirrhosis patients in PubMed, Medline, Chinese Biomedical Database, Elsevier Database, OVID Database, etc. for Meta-analysis. The odds ratio(OR)of each risk factor was estimated and the 95% confidence interval[95% CI] was calculated. Results: Totally 19 papers met our criteria and were included in this Meta-analysis. The 19 papers involved 995 EVB patients and 1 854 controls. Meta-analysis revealed that a hepatic function of Child C, decreased prothrombin activity, hypoalbuminemia, severe esophageal varices, positive red-color sign, extended portal vein width and splenic vein width, thrombopenia, leucopenia and anemia were the risk factors of EVB; a hepatic function of Child A and mild esophageal varices were the protective factors of EVB. The gender, age, hepatic function of Child B, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, hyperbilirubinemia and midrange esophageal varices were not significantly associated with EVB. Conclusion: Improvement of poor hepatic function, blood coagulation status, hypoalbuminemia and treatment & prevention of severe esophageal varices (by endoscopic variceal ligation, devascularization and shunt) can help to reduce the incidence of EVB.

Objective Prepare biomimetic muitilayered scaffold which has similar structure of natural cartilage.Method By lyophilizing the scaffolds which were prefrozen at-20℃ and in liquid nitrogen successively,we prepared double-layered spongy scaffolds.By partially thawing the prefrozen samples and refreezing them in liquid nitrogen before the final liyophilization,we prepared biomimetic multilayered scaffolds with about 2mm thickness.XRD and FT-IR were used to confirm the interaction between collagen and chitosan.SEM was used to observe the morphologies of the scaffolds.The mechanical properties of pure chitosan scaffolds,pure collagen scaffolds,composite single-layered scaffolds and biomimetic multilayered scaffolds were compared both in dry and wet conditions.Results There was chemical interaction between collagen and chitosan.Composite materials will form better pore structure.The biomimetic multilayered scaffolds have upright pores,round pores and a dense layer from bottom to top of the scaffolds.The scaffolds have quite different mechanical properties between dry and wet state.Under wet state,the different layers of the biomimetic muitilayered scaffold have different mechanical properties.Results The biomimetic structure of the multilayered scaffold is very close to that of the natural articular cartilage,and the different layers of the biomimetic muitilayered scaffold had different mechanical properties under wet state.These are hopefully beneficial to help maintain the phenotypes of chondrocytes and promote the repairing effect of cartilage defects.

Objective To develop a new visual feedback postural adjusting ability assessing system, and to study its application value. Methods Pressure sensor was used to determine the changes of the body weight center by tracing the pressure variation of the soles and heels, then eight target points in different directions were added into the software interface to enable the subject move his body weight center to the target point intentionally, finally the system was evaluated by loading on back.Results Program design was performed for the testing system. It's proved that posture adjusting ability might decrease with 20% load on back or the body leaning backwards. Conclusion The newly developed visual feedback postural adjusting ability testing system can be used to research standing balance function.